渔船与商船碰撞事故原因分析

通过对大连港1991～2001年渔船与商船事故的统计,从事故等级、能见度、发生时间、地点、船舶等5个方面进行分析,总结出人的因素是导致事故发生的主要原因。故从严进行船员培训、提高船员素质、加强对船员的责任心教育、有效实施对船员的管理,是降低事故发生率、使航行更安全的有效途径。     

浅谈双层壳油船防污染的作用

双层壳船在低速的情况下发生一般性的碰撞事故时，仅外层船体承受力被击穿，液货舱依然完整，防止海上溢油的发生，减少了海上污染。但双层壳油船也存在一些不可忽视的问题。为了能够真正作到防止海上污染事故的发生，不仅应从改造结构上采取措施，而且还应该提高船员的素质，加强船员的责任心，加速老龄船的淘汰，添置新设备等。     

在船舶碰撞中海事部门应如何进行证据收集

<正>近年来,随着船舶交通流量的增加,海事交通事故的发生频率也比以前有所增加。而在船舶交通事故案例中船舶碰撞事故占有相当大的比例,船舶碰撞事故的发生往往会造成大量的人员伤亡和财产损失。在船舶发生碰撞事故过程中,船长及船员的精神都会高度紧张,在这种高压下,船长及船员往往忽略对于事故证据的收集及     

从两起缆绳事故引发的教训

文中通过对两起船员违章操作而导致缆绳伤人事件的调查,指出船员的安全意识薄弱和技能欠缺是导致事件发生的根本原因,强调工作中任何懈怠都可能导致事故发生,总结了为防止类似事件的发生应吸取的教训。     

谈海上船舶安全避让

海上船舶碰撞事故给人命、财产及海洋环境造成极大的危害。造成碰撞的原因，据资料统计，绝大多数的碰撞事故究其本质都是人为失误所导致，其中责任心不强，知识欠缺，经验不足，避让操作技术和心理素质差，以及疏忽大意等，无一不是事故的主要原因。为此要主动采取安全措施，防止事故的发生。那么，船舶驾驶人员如何才能确实做到安全避让呢?现结合自身工作经历和依照《国际海上避碰规则》要求，谈点粗浅的见解和体会。     

能见度不良时宽阔水域中船舶碰撞及其预防

近十几年,宽阔水域中能见度不良时所发生的船舶碰撞事故正呈上升趋势.分析了在该种情况下发生碰撞事故的主观和客观原因,提出一系列的预防措施,特别是利用航海模拟器培训船员等措施.     

我国全力组织“桑吉”轮事故救援及后续处置工作

正2018年1月6日20时许,巴拿马籍油船"桑吉"轮与中国香港籍散货船"长峰水晶"轮在长江口以东约160海里处发生碰撞。事发时"桑吉"轮载有凝析油11.13万吨,船上有伊朗籍船员30人、孟加拉籍船员2人。"长峰水晶"轮载有高粱约6.4万吨,船上中国籍船员21人。碰撞事故导致"桑吉"轮货舱起火燃     

船舶溢油事故中的人为因素分析

从人力资源管理是船舶资源管理的特点、机舱与驾驶台的团队协作、人为因素成为船舶溢油事故发生的关键因素等3个方面分析船舶溢油事故中人为因素的关键作用,针对具体案例的特点和产生原因,提出如下预防措施:加强机舱与驾驶台的团队合作;加强船舶安全管理;加强船员对相关体系文件的学习和掌握;加强船员的相关培训,提高船员素质。只有加强对相关公约、法规、体系文件的学习,增强从业人员的安全意识、协调沟通能力和责任心,才能减少此类溢油事故的发生。     

曹妃甸航道水域商渔船碰撞事故分析及预防

文章通过对曹妃甸分道通航制水域发生的商渔船碰撞事故进行统计和分析,指出了事故发生原因,论述了事故责任认定的理解。为预防事故的发生,保障船舶和船员、渔民生命财产安全提出了相应的对策。     

港口水域海事安全风险分析法

海事的发生是由一系列原因导致的,通过对事故各原因与结果之间的关联性进行分析,找出其发生规律,这将直接影响到海事安全管理的效率.将数据挖掘中关联规则技术应用到海事安全风险因素分析中,搜寻事故诱因与结果的频繁项集和规则表达式来发现事故原因的潜在规律,为港口水域海事安全管理工作提供科学依据.经初步分析得出船员因素与事故的发生影响最大,且与碰撞事故的关联性最大.     

Causes of casualties and the regulation of occupational health and safety in the shipping industry

The aim of this paper is to investigate maritime safety from an occupational hazards perspective as opposed to a maritime casualty perspective. It is recognised that safety in shipping should encompass casualties arising from accidents occurring in the course of performing normal seafaring duties, not just those arising from technical defects or maritime disasters. The paper discusses an investigation involving a survey of 19 flag states and two detailed studies of records kept at the Hong Kong and Singapore maritime administrations. The results indicate that occupational accidents account for a significant proportion of fatalities at sea. The statistics presented specify the ship types that are most at risk, as well as the types of occupational hazards that can most frequently lead to accidents and fatalities. The results of this study indicate voids in the process of investigating fatalities that relate to occupational accidents. These results also indicate inadequate investigation of events and causes. The creation of a database of such information could potentially be used for the development of appropriate regulations that could prevent fatal and non-fatal occupational accidents through regulatory processes.     

8M601型船舶主机抱轴事故分析

文章介绍了8M601型船舶主机抱轴事故的经过,并就主机抱轴事故原因进行了分析,此次主机抱轴事故纯属人为事故,警示船东要切实地执行ISM规则,以防止类似事故的发生。     

The analysis of life safety and economic loss in marine accidents occurring in the Turkish Straits

The increase in the world's trading capacity, which has been spurred by globalization, has caused problems in marine transportation, namely congestion. Despite the safety measures currently in place, marine accidents are still not being prevented. This study focuses on marine accidents in the Turkish Straits that have done serious harm to humans, the natural environment, and the economy. To reduce the negative impacts mentioned above, this study considered the most common types of accidents, their causes, and their results. For this purpose, 850 serious marine accidents, which took place in the Turkish Straits between the years of 2001 and 2010 (as recorded by the Undersecretaries for Maritime Affairs), have been analyzed and the data obtained have been systematically tabulated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. According to the data, the most significant cause of marine accidents in the Turkish Straits is human error. This study proposes measures to ensure that ship personnel are competent, mentally and physically, to navigate narrow and dangerous waterways in order to minimize the amount of accidents caused by human error.     

Duration analysis for recurrent ship accidents

About 63% of the world’s shipping accidents are recurrent—they occur to ships that have already experienced at least one prior accident. Therefore, reducing recurrent accidents can contribute significantly to maritime safety. We study the factors affecting both first and recurrent accidents, by focusing on the duration between two accidents. Cox proportional hazard models are applied to ship accident data from 1996 to 2015, and the results identify which ships have a high risk of recurrent accidents, based on ship attributes, ship supply and market conditions, shipbuilding country, previous accident type, and ship type. The recurrent rate is high when the ship involved in the accident is old, small, flies a flag of convenience, and has no detention record. In addition, the accident risk increases when the shipping market faces a high bunker price, overcapacity in supply, a high time charter rate, or low newbuilding price. On the other hand, ships built in China and Japan have lower recurrent accident rates than those built elsewhere, although ships built in China have earlier first accidents than do others. General cargo ships have the highest recurrent accident rate, followed by dry bulkers, container ships, and tankers, in that order.     

A study on time constraints and task deviations at sea leading to accidents – a cultural-historical perspective

The high frequency of maritime accidents and incidents occurring at sea has been a major challenge for the maritime industry in the last decades. The majority of these accidents are attributed to seafarers’ poor performance. This, despite the fact that the international maritime domain continues to adopt and update conventions regulating maritime safety to mitigate these accidents from occurring. In this paper, utilising a qualitative research approach, we show through a socio-cultural contextual perspective that time constraints as a major influencing factor in causing task deviations at sea which leads to dangerous situations. We analyse how some of the present barriers in place to prevent accidents at sea are in effect prompt seafarers who are working under time pressure to deviate from their task. Moreover, the paper discusses the social constituents such as job insecurity and the seafarers’ viewpoint towards the ship operators’ commitment to safe ship operations are crucial in motivating seafarers’ deviating from the task at hand when faced with time pressure.     

国内两起干散货船自沉事故引发的思考

干散货船在水上货物运输中有着举足轻重的地位,然而在繁忙运输中与其相关的事故也频频发生,文中通过分析国内两起干散货船自沉事故背后潜藏的隐患和问题,提出强化航运企业、船舶和监管部门各方薄弱环节管理的建议和意见,以期共同为航运业发展和海上安全运输贡献力量.     

Common patterns in aggregated accident analysis charts from human fatigue-related groundings and collisions at sea

Research has shown that there are potentially disastrous outcomes of human fatigue at sea. The conditions in which the seafarers have to operate are becoming more and more demanding. The study in this article attempts to aggregate accident charts derived from in-depth studies of human fatigue-related accidents to determine common patterns of interlinked fatigue factors. The accidents are analyzed by means of the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM), which in the article has been modified for maritime accidents. The main fatigue factors identified are ‘shift work’, ‘irregular working hours’, ‘inadequate task allocation’, and ‘excessive demands’. The study reveals several differences between ship collision and grounding accidents and their corresponding fatigue factors. Human fatigue-related collision accidents are characterized by wrong/badly timed decisions, misconceptions, and poor communication between the vessels. Right before the collision the crew is often panicking and mistakes are easily made. In human fatigue-related groundings, the conditions are often monotonous and the navigating officer has either overlooked the upcoming seabed or simply fallen asleep. Safety climate issues are also identified as important contributors to human fatigue.     

由两起操作性污染事故引发的关于液货船装卸作业安全的思考

随着我国对石油的需求不断增长,液货船舶数量不断增多,船舶操作性污染事故日益增多。文中试图分析两起发生在天津港的操作性污染事故产生的原因,浅谈目前液货船在装卸作业方面存在的安全问题,从而提出建议和对策,希望能在避免液货船操作性污染事故发生以及减少海洋环境损害方面起到积极的作用。     

烟大铁路轮渡渡船主柴油机选型分析

烟大铁路轮渡项目是我国沿海铁路通道的重要组成部分.渡船为我国首次采用电力推进的滚装船铁路轮,柴油发电机组是渡船动力装置的核心.它的选型关系到船舶的初投资和营运的经济性.本文简述了柴油机选型原则、渡船电站功率的计算、渡船柴油机装配功计算、渡船柴油机选配方案.通过柴油机装机功率选配方案分析比较,渡船柴油机装机功率按12000kW方案选择是合理的.