自卸汽车侧翻事故分析实例

事故经过: 某单位一台矿内运输自卸汽车在存矿场进行卸载作业时发生倾倒事故,所幸侧翻时速度较慢,驾驶员反应灵敏,及时采取了自我防护措施,没有受伤,只是受了惊吓.车辆损失较大,两块蓄电池壳体破碎,燃油箱破裂造成燃油泄漏,举升油缸活塞杆轻度弯曲,举升油缸底座与车架连接处断裂.     

Transient Dynamic Analysis of a Linear Model of a Bus

Transient analysis of a linear model of a bus was performed. In the experiment the right front wheel of the bus rolled over a bump and one acceleration, two axil forces in the wheel suspension and two bending moments in the frame of the bus were measured. The different parts of the bus were modelled by uniform Rayleigh-Timoshenko beams and rigid bodies. This beam element has a uniformly distributed stiffness, inertia and viscous and/or hysteretic damping along its axis. The loading of the bus due to the bump was in the theoretical analysis modelled by a prescribed transient displacement of the model of the wheel. The fast Fourier transform technique was utilized. Fairly good agreement between calculated and measured values was obtained.     

一种矿用车专用变速器设计

结合矿用车工况,提出矿用车变速器的开发要求,作为设计开发输入,据此设计了一种专用车变速器,并详细介绍了该变速器的结构和工作原理。     

一种用汽油燃烧系统模拟发动机台架催化剂热老化的方法

采用通用汽车公司的快速老化程序RAT-A，分别在FOCAS燃烧系统及发动机上对催化剂在老化前和老化后的性能进行对比试验。结果表明，FOCAS燃烧系统能够对催化剂进行和发动机类似的老化。与发动机台架试验相比，FOCAS系统有明显的优点，如严格地控制空燃比使其变化幅度很小、空燃比稳定运行的范围宽、活动部件少及易操作等。     

一起货车与轿车侧面恶性擦撞事故的分析

介绍了一起货车与轿车侧面恶性擦撞事故的损伤情况，分析了两车相撞的部位、相撞前的相对速度及事故原因。     

Dynamics of a railway vehicle on a laterally disturbed track

In this article a theoretical investigation of the dynamics of a railway bogie running on a tangent track with a periodic disturbance of the lateral track geometry is presented. The dynamics is computed for two values of the speed of the vehicle in combination with different values of the wavelength and amplitude of the disturbance. Depending on the combinations of the speed, the wavelength and the amplitude, straight line forward motion, different modes of symmetric or asymmetric periodic oscillations or aperiodic motions, which are presumably chaotic, are found. Statistical methods are applied for the investigation. In the case of sinusoidal oscillations they provide information about the phase shift between the different variables and the amplitudes of the oscillations. In the case of an aperiodic motion the statistical measures indicate some non-smooth transitions.     

桥梁遭受船舶撞击的有限元仿真分析

桥梁在船舶碰撞时受到的动力荷载是复杂的动力非线性问题,近代非线性有限元技术为该问题提供了有效的工具。文中简述了该技术的基本原理,运用ANsYs／LS—DYNA对一艘10000t船和桥梁的碰撞进行了模拟,并建立了3个不同的桥墩有限元模型,从碰撞力、桥墩应力、变形等不同角度分析了不同的建模方式对碰撞结果的影响。结果表明,3种模型的计算结果具有较好的一致性,可以满足一般的工程精度要求。     

Dynamical Analysis of a Simple Vehicle on a Periodic Guideway

The dominant vertical motions of a simple vehicle traveling on a flexible periodic guideway is investigated. The mathematical model leads to a state equation with periodic coefficients and periodically jumping states. The aim of the paper is the dynamic analysis of the vehicle-guideway system with respect to stability, guideway deflections and vehicle accelerations. As alternative to the common simulation technique, the analytical solution based on Floquet theory is applied. Both methods are implemented in a computer program and used to perform a detailed parameter study which shows the dependence of the dynamical system behavior on the nondimensional system parameters.     

可得利益损失属于违约赔偿范围——江苏省海安县法院判决一起运输合同纠纷案

当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定,给对方造成损失的,损失赔偿额应当相当于因违约所造成的损失,包括合同履行后可以获得的利益,但不得超过违反合同一方订立合同时预见到或者应当预见到的因违反合同可能造成的损失.     

Application of a thermodynamic model with a complex chemistry to a cycle resolved knock prediction on a spark ignition optical engine

A combination of experimental and numerical methodologies is proposed for the investigation of knocking in spark ignition engines to aid in better understanding the physical and chemical processes that occur and to exploit the capabilities of a developed computational tool. The latter consists of a thermo-fluid dynamics model, which is part of an advanced 1-D fluid dynamics code for the simulation of the entire engine, and a complex chemistry model, which can be embedded into the thermo-fluid dynamics model using the same integration algorithm for the conservation equations and the reacting species. Their mutual interaction in the energy balance will be considered. The experimental activity was carried out in the combustion chamber of an optically accessible, single-cylinder P.F.I. engine equipped with a commercial head. The experimental data consisted of optical measurements correlated to the combustion and auto-ignition processes within the cylinder. The optical measurements were based on 2-D digital imaging, UV visible natural emission spectroscopy and the chemiluminescence of radical species (OH and HCO). The engine parameters, the pressure signals of the related data and optical acquisition are compared on an individual cycle basis in the simulation by running the engine at a constant speed and varying the spark advance from normal combustion to heavy knock conditions.     

考虑塑性变形的振动压路机非线性动力学仿真

借助于土壤变形的一种塑性模式，提出了一种振动压路机压实过程的非线性动力学模型。在此基础上，借助计算机技术，探讨了振动压实中机架与振动轮的运动规律，并对激振力减少、土壤刚度变大和塑性变形增大等情况进行了仿真研究，发现了一些对压路机设计有参考价值的新现象     

Development of a valve and optimization of a tube for self-inflating tire

Worldwide, the tire market requires safe and eco-friendly tires. In this study, a self-inflating tire (SIT) was studied and manufactured. Self-inflating tire refers to a technique for maintaining appropriate tire pressure. An internal regulator senses when tire inflation pressure has dropped below the set air pressure. The tire boosts air through the valve when rolling and compressed air enters into the tire. This procedure keeps the tire air pressure at an appropriate level and increases tire safety. In this study, a regulator was used as a negative-pressure system. A check valve was selected the minute flow check valve depending on the shape of the configured system. In addition, the material of the tube was developed with excellent physical properties and resistances (elastic rebound, working temperature, etc.) owing to its complete compression and restoration. A tube performance tester was developed and a computer aided engineering (CAE) model was modeled for comparison with the test results. Using the tester and model, it was possible to optimize the shape of the tube and regulator. Finally, the reliability of the study was verified through the prototype test. The developed equipment and systems can be used for the manufacture of high-performance and safe tires.     

骑士之恋

相遇因桀骜不驯而彼此吸引&ncounter,attract each other by the wild andintractable temper.她轻盈外衣下的曼妙身影,是柔美与强势的并蓄,如骏马般不羁而难以驾驭,激发想要驯服的冲动……深浅交错的斑驳树影,泛着棕榈光泽的肌肤,他是英勇骑士,带着阳光的温度,睿智而风度翩翩……     

Performance of a methanol reforming system for a fuel cell powered vehicle and system evaluation of a PEFC system

The fuel cell is an environmentally-friendly power source due to high efficiency and cleanness. Considering safety, tractability and infrastructure, a methanol reformer is a candidate for the supply of hydrogen to fuel cell vehicles. However as CO generated by methanol reformers poisons the platinum catalysts of anodes, the operating conditions were studied in order to minimize the CO emissions from the reforming system. This study tested a methanol reforming system including a steam reformer and preferential oxidizer, established the chemical reaction rates of reforming and CO oxidation and calculated the dynamic changes in CO concentration from the reformer using a newly developed simulator.     

Ride quality evaluation of a vehicle with a planar suspension system

The longitudinal connection between a chassis and a wheel in a conventional vehicle suspension system is commonly very stiff than the vertical connection. Such a mechanism can efficiently isolate vibrations and absorb shocks in the vertical direction but cannot sufficiently attenuate the impact in the longitudinal direction. In order to overcome such a limitation, a planar suspension system (PSS) with spring–damper struts in both the longitudinal and vertical directions is proposed so that the vibration along any direction in the wheel rotation plane can be isolated. In this paper, the dynamic responses of a vehicle with PSS due to a single bump and random road unevenness are investigated. The ride quality of the vehicle with PSS is evaluated in accordance with ISO 2631. A comparison with that of a similar conventional vehicle is conducted to demonstrate the promising potentials of the PSS in improving the vehicle ride quality.     

An investigation of a semiactive suspension for a fork lift truck

This paper investigates the feasibility of a semiactive suspension of the cabin of a fork lift truck as a way of reducing the effect of harmful vibrations on the health of truck drivers. A suspension based on MR fluid dampers has been designed and implemented on an actual vehicle and heuristic control strategy has been developed, which preserves the filtering properties of the passive suspension when the vehicle moves in a straight line with a constant velocity and suppresses the large amplitude pitch and roll motion during turns and braking. Field tests have demonstrated a substantial comfort improvement with respect to the passive suspension, during the braking and turning phases, without any noticeable detrimental effects.     

Modelling and analysis of a gyrostat elastically attached to a vehicle

In recent studies, the dynamic response of a passenger car to a gyrostat was investigated for a series of driving manoeuvres, but the gyrostat was assumed to be rigidly supported, thus neglecting the effect of rotor precession. The aim of the present study is the modelling and investigation of the gyrostat-vehicle interaction for elastically mounted gyrostats. For this purpose, a general model describing the motion of a gyrostat elastically supported by a moving platform is derived. Emphasis is placed on the mathematical derivation, where all considerations that are necessary to arrive at the final result are included. Thus, the presented considerations and results can be easily adopted and are suitable to serve beyond their actual purpose as a reference work for other applications. The derived model is tested with the aid of vehicle dynamics simulations and the simulation results prove to be consistent with the results of the rigid attachment model, provided that the elastic approach is subjected to high-bearing stiffnesses. However, it is shown that at lower bearing stiffnesses the solutions are progressively different, since low-bearing stiffnesses enable the gyrostat to move, due to the compliance of the bearings itself, relative to the vehicle chassis with high-angular velocities.