直动式液力间隙调节器可变配气相位机构设计研究

为满足现代汽车对发动机 ,尤其是轿车发动机高功率、低油耗以及低排放的要求 ,设计了一种新型的直动式液力间隙调节器可变配气相位机构 ,。该机构主要采用了液力间隙调节器 (HLA)和可变配气相位 (VVT)技术。概述了HLA和VVT的意义和应用 ,并详细阐述了该机构的基本结构和工作原理。     

电磁驱动配气机构单缸汽油机的电控系统开发

为应用电磁驱动配气机构的单缸汽油机设计了基于DSP(TMS320F2812)的电控系统,此电控系统除常规的喷油、点火等控制功能外,还可通过调节进、排气门控制参数(气门开启时刻、关闭时刻以及气门升程)直接调节进气量,进而实现发动机不同工况下的稳定运转。完成了初步的运行试验,验证了电控系统的可行性,为进一步应用电磁驱动配气机构提高发动机性能的研究打下了基础。     

进气门晚关机构对高增压柴油机排放与热效率的影响

以某重型柴油机为研究对象,在低速中等负荷工况,通过对比进气门晚关机构开闭两种状态对两级增压系统匹配关系的影响,分析其对柴油机排放和热效率的影响。研究表明,喷油定时(上止点后-2.5°~8.5°)和EGR率(0%~21%)恒定时,使用进气门晚关(IVCA)机构后HC排放降低,有效热效率下降。当喷油定时不变,BNOxdif与BCOdif随着EGR率的增加而减少;当EGR率保持恒定时,随着喷油定时增加,BCOdif呈现先增加后减小的趋势,拐点在4.5°~6.5°(ATDC)之间;同时,开启IVCA机构后,EGR率在15.29%~21.16%,喷油定时在-2.5°~8.5°(ATDC)范围内,Bsootdif均小于0。在保证喷油定时恒定时,EGR率越大,Bsootdif越小。当量比在0.42~0.52范围内,保持喷油策略不变,使用IVCA机构致使进气流量减少,若当量比在原状态的基础上增加超过0.07,即可克服由于流量减少导致柴油机缸内平均温度和燃烧持续期增加对NOx生成的负面影响。     

螺旋气门的结构优化及对无节气门汽油机燃烧性能的影响

由于进气方式的改变,气道喷射式无节气门汽油机中小负荷时泵气损失显著降低,但燃烧性能却明显恶化.为改善其燃烧性能,本文中设计了一种在进气过程中能产生较强进气涡流的螺旋气门,并使用仿真软件STAR-CCM+对螺旋气门的主要结构参数进行了优化.在稳流气道试验台上测量其进气涡流比和流量系数,证明该螺旋气门在开启升程较小时能产生...     

基于电磁驱动气门的发动机停缸技术研究

为改善车用发动机部分负载时的燃油经济性,提出了一种应用电磁驱动气门来实现的发动机停缸技术.首先对发动机某一气缸停止工作循环时的工作过程进行了性能仿真,以单缸在1个循环内所做负功最小为优化目标,计算得到了单缸停止1个工作循环的起始点.以尽量保证各缸间的工作均匀性为基本原则,设计了4缸发动机顺序间歇停缸方案并进行了仿真与分...     

PFI增压汽油机机油稀释试验研究

在一款1．0 L 气道喷射增压汽油机上研究了机油稀释的分布区域及其产生机理,发现机油稀释严重的区域主要集中在高速大负荷工况。通过对喷油器喷孔直径、喷油相位、VVT 动作角、空燃比、水泵流量、机油冷却器散热量、曲轴箱强制通风系统 PCV 阀补气量等相关特性参数的调整验证,发现喷油相位靠后、空燃比过浓是机油稀释严重的主要原因,水泵流量、PCV 阀补气量、VVT 动作角、机油冷却器散热量对机油稀释也有一定的影响,喷油器喷孔直径的变化对机油稀释无影响。最终在该款发动机上综合采用优化喷油相位、水泵流量、PCV 阀补气量、机油冷却器散热量的措施,最大机油稀释水平控制在5％以下。     

摩托车发动机切换凸轮型线可变配气正时机构研究

在摩托车发动机单顶置凸轮轴配气正时机构的结构形式基础上,研制一种可切换凸轮型线的VVT机构,具有2套可切换的进气配气正时参数。对VVT机构调整摩托车发动机热力循环过程和运行参数进行分析。结合JH125摩托车发动机所进行的研究表明:该机构结构简单、对原机结构改动小、成本低,能够实现配气相位的可变控制,有效改善发动机性能,可广泛应用于中小排量摩托车发动机。     

Effect of fuel injection strategies on the combustion process in a PFI boosted SI engine

A low-cost solution based on fuel injection strategies was investigated to optimize the combustion process in a boosted port fuel injection spark ignition (PFI SI) engine. The goal was to reduce the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions while maintaining performance. The effect of fuel injection was analyzed for the closed and open valve conditions, and the multiple injection strategies (MIS) based on double and triple fuel injection in the open-valve condition. The tests were performed on an optical accessible single-cylinder PFI SI engine equipped with an external boost device. The engine was operated at full load and with a stoichiometric ratio equivalent to that of commercial gasolines. Optical techniques based on 2D-digital imaging were used to follow the flame propagation from the flame kernel to late combustion phase. In particular, the diffusion-controlled flames near the valves and cylinder walls, due to fuel deposition, were studied. In these conditions, the presence of soot was measured by two-color pyrometry, and correlated with engine parameters and exhaust emissions measured by conventional methods. The open valve fuel injection strategies demonstrated better combustion process efficiency than the closed ones. They provided very low soot levels in the combustion chamber and engine exhaust, and a reduction in specific fuel consumption. The multiple injection strategies proved to be the best solution in terms of performance, soot concentration, and fuel consumption.     

Effects of valve timing and intake flow motion control on combustion and time-resolved HC & NOx formation characteristics

In SI engines, valve events have a major influence on volumetric efficiency, fuel economy and exhaust emissions. Moreover, swirl and tumble motions in the intake charge also improve combustion speed and quality by stratifying the mixture as well as intensifying the mixing rate of air and fuel. This paper investigates the behaviors of an engine and the combustion phenomenon for various intake valve timings and intake charge motions using CVVT system and port masking schemes. Test condition includes a part load and a cold idle condition inclusive of a cold start of the engine. Time-resolved HC and NOx emissions were also measured at an exhaust port to examine their formation mechanisms and behaviors with fast response HC/NOx analyzers. In conclusion, the fast burning of fuel and improved combustion quality by enhanced charge motions reduced unburned HC emissions, and advancing the intake valve opening reduced HC as well as NOx. Furthermore, HCs during the cold transient phase and idle conditions decreased with recalibrated start parameters such as lean air-fuel ratio and spark retardation via the enhancement of intake charge motions.     

Cooling effect of methanol on an n-heptane HCCI engine using a dual fuel system

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have the potential to raise the efficiency of reciprocating engines during partial load operation. However, the performance of the HCCI engine at high loads is restricted by severe knocking, which can be observed by the excessive pressure rise rate. This is due to the rapid combustion process occurring inside the cylinder, which does not follow the flame propagation that is seen in conventional engines. In this study, a low compression ratio of 9.5:1 for a gasoline engine was converted to operate in HCCI mode with the goal being to expand the stable operating region at high loads. Initially, pure n-heptane was used as the fuel at equivalence ratios of 0.30 to 0.58 with elevated intake charge temperatures of 180 and 90 °C, respectively. The n-heptane HCCI engine could reach a maximum performance at an indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 0.38 MPa, which was larger than the performance found in the literature. To reach an even higher performance, a dual-fuel system was exploited. Methanol, as an anti-detonant additive, was introduced into the intake stream with various amounts of n-heptane at fixed equivalence ratios in the range of 0.42 to 0.52. It was found that the methanol addition cooled the mixture down prior to combustion and resulted in an increased coefficient of variation (COV). In order to maintain stable combustion and keep the pressure rise rate below the limit, the intake charge temperature should be increased. Introduction of 90% and 95% (vol/vol) hydrous methanol showed a similar trend but a lower thermal conversion efficiency and IMEP value. Therefore, a dual fuel HCCI engine could maintain a high thermal conversion efficiency across a wide load and enhance a 5% larger load compared to a pure n-heptane-fuelled HCCI engine. The hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were lower than 800 ppm and 0.10%, respectively. They were less at higher loads. The nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) emissions were below 12 ppm and were found to increase sharply at higher loads to a maximum of 23 ppm.     

车用高速汽油机电控可变配气相位系统

本文介绍了一种基于可变位置液压张紧器机构实现控制进气门关闭相位角的电控可变配气相位系统。该系统具有结构简单，对原机改动小，便于安装，成本低等优点。试验结果表明，采用该系统可明显改善发动机低速转矩、高速功率特性、燃料经济性及分工况的排放特性。该系统适合于顶置双凸轮轴车用高速汽油机。     

国外发动机可变配气相位研究进展—机构篇

综合国外汽车发动机可变本气相位技术的发展状况，概述了可变配气相位技术的意义和应用，对现有配气机构进行分类。介绍了国外的１０多年已形成产品的典型实用机构，剖析了机构原理，并对ＶＶＴ技术在我国的具体应用提出了建议。     

应用约束变尺度法优化汽油机工作过程

应用约束变尺度优化法对汽油机的工作过程进行了优化计算研究，阐述了ＶＶＴ、ＶＣＲ法。研究结果表明，ＶＶＴ法与ＶＣＲ法相结合并配以佳点火提前角，可充分改善汽油机的燃油经济性，能最大限度地挖掘出ＶＶＴ法和ＶＣＲ法的潜力。     

电控液压驱动可变气门机构的应用研究

在1台装备了自主开发的电控液压驱动可变气门机构的进气道喷射单缸试验发动机上,成功地实现了汽油机SI燃烧和可控自燃(CAI)燃烧。研究结果表明,采用自主研制的电液无凸轮轴气门机构能够实现可变气门定时及可变气门开启持续期;该机构在SI模式下能满足发动机的动力性要求且燃油经济性和CO,HC排放有所改善;通过排气门早关、进气门晚开策略,在转速为1 000 r/min、过量空气系数为1的工况下,进气门开启506~511°CA,排气门关闭242~278°CA气门正时范围内实现了CAI燃烧,CAI燃烧获得的最大平均有效压力可达0.395 MPa。     

汽车发动机可变气门技术

解决发动机燃油经济性与排放性能之间的矛盾一直是汽车发动机技术不断发展的关键,而发动机可变气门正时技术便是解决这一问题的方案之一,文章介绍了发动机可变气门正时技术在各大公司所推出的具有代表性的系统,指出宝马公司的Valvetronic系统能使发动机在进新鲜空气时更顺畅,而且还可对其升程进行连续性微调。提出随着可变气门正时技术的逐渐成熟并被高性能发动机采用,因此能提高发动机的动力性和经济性,降低排放。     

可变配气相位对发动机性能的影响

在综合分析国、内外汽车发动机可变配气相位（ＶＶＴ）技术发展的基础上，详细论述了可变配气相位技术在汽油机、柴油机以及二冲程发动机上应用的优点，并对影响发动机性能的可变相位技术中的可变因素进行了总结。     

电控汽油机连续可变配气正时系统的标定与匹配

介绍了JL4G15发动机的连续可变配气正时(CVVT)系统的机构组成、工作及控制原理,对该控制系统在发动机试验台架上进行了稳定工作条件确定和优化标定试验,提出了针对不同工况的CVVT系统标定匹配原则和方法,并用标定后的VVT MAP图控制发动机进行了台架性能试验。试验结果表明,标定后的汽油机在满足排放要求的前提下,动力性和经济性均得到明显改善。     

Characteristics of gasoline in-cylinder direct injection engine

Combustion characteristics of a gasoline direct-injection (DI) engine were studied with fuel injection timing varied. This study showed that emissions at part load are reduced by optimizing in-cylinder air motion and injection timing. Antiknock quality and volumetric efficiency are improved at high loads. With our DI system fuel does not stick on the intake port wall during engine warmup and transient mode, and thus even a cold engine can be controlled with a quick response and a high resolution, which, as a result, can reduce emissions. Also, lean limit is significantly improved by optimizing the injection timing.     

基于液压驱动气门的柴油机性能优化研究

在某柴油机上将传统凸轮驱动气门机构改进设计为液压驱动气门机构,利用仿真软件GT-Power建立液压驱动气门柴油机模型,分析进气滞后角、排气提前角和气门重叠角对柴油机动力性的影响,然后以扭矩最大为目标对配气正时进行联合仿真优化,最后对比两种内部EGR实现方法在不同负荷下的EGR率和对NOx排放量的改善效果。研究结果表明,在外特性下,液压驱动气门柴油机在中低转速时的动力性和经济性有了明显改善,扭矩比原机提高了5.6%,燃油消耗率降低了5.1%;但由于液压气门响应滞后,随着转速的升高,改善效果逐渐降低。在转速2 000r/min时,排气门晚关比排气门早关可以获得更大的EGR率,NOx排放量降幅也比排气门早关的大,在50%负荷时,NOx排放量降幅最大为23.8%。     

Effects of Injection Timing on Transient Performance of A Regulated Two-Stage Turbocharged Diesel Engine with Turbine Bypass Valve

The object of this paper is to reduce soot emissions under typical 5s transient conditions of constant speed and increasing torque. And effects of fuel injection timing on combustion and emissions parameters were experimentally and numerically studied in a regulated two-stage turbocharged diesel engine with a turbine bypass valve (TBV). The test results indicated that: the smaller TBV opening could improve deterioration of smoke emissions and BSFC at medium and heavy loads. Afterward, the full-stage injection timing (FSIT) strategies (delaying injection timing during the entire transient process) could reduce soot and NO_X emissions simultaneously. However, when TBV opening became larger, smoke emissions and BSFC were deteriorated gradually. Moreover, the sectional-stage injection timing (SSIT) strategies (advancing injection timing from 10 % load to a preset load and delaying injection timing from the preset load to 100 % load) could markedly reduce soot emissions by 75.8 % with TBV opening 20 %; the degradation of fuel consumption could be effectively suppressed. Finally, coupling the SSIT strategies with the TBV control strategies could significantly improve the transient performance.