基于改进McEvily裂纹扩展模型的新型钛合金疲劳可靠性分析

针对传统的Paris裂纹扩展模型在可靠性研究中不能考虑小裂纹扩展过程的问题,本文基于改进McEvily裂纹扩展模型,建立疲劳可靠性的极限状态计算方程,采用一次二阶矩验算点法对可靠度指标及其参数敏感性进行计算分析。通过与基于Paris裂纹扩展模型的可靠性结果对比表明:改进McEvily裂纹扩展模型下的可靠度指标为4.17,在Paris裂纹扩展模型下的可靠度指标为4.08,Paris模型只考虑了裂纹稳定扩展的过程,其可靠性计算结果更为保守;通过参数灵敏度分析得知,不确定变量中的材料参数m、初始裂纹尺寸a0、临界裂纹尺寸ac对可靠度指标有较大程度的影响。小裂纹扩展阶段的主要影响参数即裂纹闭合水平k,其变异系数对失效概率的影响较小但系数达到0.16时失效速率有进一步增长趋势。     

钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验及预报方法

本文针对深海载人潜水器耐压壳用钛合金,开展疲劳性能试验研究,得到该类型钛合金的室温断裂韧性,载荷比R=0.1下的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值及疲劳裂纹扩展速率,基于选用的疲劳裂纹扩展预报模型,对载荷比R=0.1下的钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了预报研究。结果表明:在载荷比不变的前提下,应力强度因子范围是疲劳裂纹扩展速率的主要影响因素,应力强度因子范围的增加会导致疲劳裂纹扩展速率增加;考虑小裂纹效应的疲劳裂纹扩展预报模型可对钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行准确预报。     

基于三维理论的TC4ELI钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展研究

TC4ELI钛合金以其优异的力学和抗腐蚀性能广泛应用于深海耐压结构。在深海交变载荷作用下,钛合金结构的初始微缺陷易发生疲劳扩展,进而会导致灾难性破坏。因此,耐压结构逐渐采用损伤容限设计理念来保证安全。然而,传统的二维损伤容限设计理念过于保守,不利于三维深海耐压结构的轻量化设计。本文对TC4ELI钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展进行了系统研究,发现在二维理论框架内材料的裂纹扩展速率依赖于试件厚度和应力比。而基于三维断裂理论,同种材料裂纹扩展速率与厚度和应力比无关。在此基础上,将得到的材料常数用于裂纹扩展模拟,实现了不同试件厚度和载荷下的疲劳寿命与裂纹尺寸的准确预测。     

新型钛合金焊接结构疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究

为了研究尺度效应及热处理工艺对新型钛合金材料疲劳性能的影响,本文对新型钛合金母材及焊接结构在不同尺度效应和热处理工艺下的力学性能和疲劳性能开展试验,分析尺度效应和热处理工艺对新型钛合金材料疲劳性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,仅经过低温热处理的新型钛合金焊接结构疲劳寿命要超过经过高温-低温热处理后的焊接接头近1.53倍;尺度效应对焊接结构的力学性能影响较大,对母材影响较小;随着尺度增大新型钛合金的裂纹扩展寿命增大,但裂纹扩展速率并无明显变化。     

新型钛合金保载-疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究

本文针对海洋结构物用的一种新型钛合金材料,开展疲劳裂纹扩展速率和复杂载荷谱下保载-疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究,综合探讨上峰值保载时间和下峰值保载时间对该新型钛合金保载-疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响规律;基于断裂力学理论,建立新型钛合金保载-疲劳裂纹扩展速率预报模型,采用试验方法验证该模型对新型钛合金保载-疲劳裂纹扩展行为的预报能力。研究结果表明：新型钛合金材料疲劳裂纹扩展行为对上、下峰值保载时间较敏感,随着上峰值和下峰值保载时间的增加,裂纹扩展速率增加,但是裂纹扩展速率增加的趋势逐渐减小,即上、下保载时间对新型钛合金材料裂纹扩展速率的影响具有一定的饱和值。提出了新型钛合金保载-疲劳裂纹扩展速率预报模型,对复杂载荷谱下的保载-疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行了预报研究,预报结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

基于改进的统一疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型的表面裂纹扩展规律预报

很多学者对表面裂纹形状变化规律进行了研究,但是理论上仍存在较大缺陷,因此现有方法预报结果的准确性有待考察。文章作者们提出了一个改进的统一疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型,本模型合理考虑了材料的非线性效应和裂纹前缘的三维约束效应及三维约束大小在前缘各点的分布函数。通过引入等效厚度的概念及法线方向扩展的假定较好地考虑了裂纹前缘各点对扩展之后形状比变化规律的影响,预报得到的裂纹前缘形状能够观察到明显的边界点扩展滞后现象,同时本模型预报结果与试验结果及传统模型预报结果进行了比较,证明本模型提高了表面裂纹扩展规律预报的精度。     

改进的疲劳裂纹扩展率模型及其参数估算方法

疲劳裂纹扩展率曲线是任何基于裂纹扩展理论的疲劳寿命预报方法的基本疲劳特性。论文作者们提出了一种改进的疲劳裂纹扩展率模型,它可以解释金属疲劳试验中观察到的各种现象。为了便于工程应用,文中也给出了如何利用除裂纹扩展试验以外的其它试验结果来估算该模型参数的方法。文中还对恒幅载荷下该模型及其参数估算方法对HTS-A钢的适用性进行了分析,分析结果将为利用该模型预报由HTS-A型钢制成的海洋结构物的疲劳寿命提供基础。     

Approximate method to determine the model parameters in a new crack growth rate model

Marine structures are subjected to complex loading histories and one of the most significant failure modes is fatigue. Accurate prediction of the fatigue life of marine structures is very important for both safe and economic design and operation. Now many researchers and engineers have realized that fatigue crack propagation theory can provide more rational basis to predict the fatigue life of metal structures. At the same time, more and more fatigue crack growth models are proposed along with a good understanding of metal fatigue mechanisms. However, it is difficult to determine a large number of model parameters, which restricts their use in practical engineering problems. Therefore, it is significant to study the approximate methods for estimating the model parameters in good fatigue crack growth models.In our previous work, an extended McEvily model for fatigue crack growth analysis of metal structures was proposed. This model shows promising capability to explain various fatigue phenomena. In order for the convenient use in estimating fatigue life of marine structures, the concepts and approximations of the model parameters are comprehensively studied in this paper. Based on that, more reasonable assumptions and empirical formulas to determine the parameters are recommended. The approximate method is validated by experimental results of several types of materials, which could be successfully used in simple and effective engineering analysis for marine structures.     

球扁钢疲劳裂纹扩展的实验及数值预报方法

球扁钢被广泛用于船舶和桥梁等钢结构,掌握其疲劳裂纹扩展规律对准确预报结构疲劳寿命有着重要的意义。该文基于表面裂纹名义开口位移(NCOD)的测量数据,对全尺寸船用球扁钢三维疲劳裂纹形状进行了预报;并利用二维Paris公式,采用有限元数值分析方法,对裂纹扩展过程进行了预报;最后通过船舶节点的疲劳试验,验证了该疲劳裂纹预报方法的可行性。文中提出的疲劳裂纹扩展预报方法可为球扁钢的失效判据提供参考依据。     

舰船用钛合金的应用及发展方向

简述了舰船用钛合金的一般特点,并概述了钛合金在国内外舰船上应用的现状及其发展方向.     

A study of fatigue crack propagation at a web stiffener on a longitudinal stiffener

Predicting fatigue crack growth after its detection during in-service inspection is necessary to prevent a loss of serviceability, such as the oil and/or water tightness of critical compartments. This paper focuses on the most typical fatigue cracks that start at the weld joint between a flat bar stiffener on a transverse web frame and the flange of a longitudinal stiffener on a bottom plate or inner bottom plate. An experiment is carried out to observe the fatigue crack propagation for two kinds of flat bars at the abovementioned connection. The experimental results, especially the surface crack growth on the flange (which dominates during the total fatigue life of the longitudinal stiffener), are compared with crack growth curves predicted using a few existing formulas. Based on the comparative study, a formula that shows the best agreement with the experiment results is selected. Weld toe magnification factors for the web stiffener are computed from the crack propagation rates measured in the experiment, and two equations for the magnification factors versus crack depth are developed for two types of web stiffeners. The selected existing formula and the proposed equations are applied to two connections at the inner bottom and side longitudinal bulkhead of an LNG carrier. The equivalent stress approach based on a long-term distribution is employed to avoid the complexity involved in dealing with the actual stress history. Using this prediction, the remaining service life until an oil or water leakage occurs at a tank boundary can be estimated when a fatigue crack at the connection is detected.     

钛合金疲劳小裂纹扩展行为预报方法研究

针对小裂纹扩展阶段裂纹尖端塑性区域尺寸相对于小裂纹长度是不可忽略的问题,在考虑小裂纹效应裂纹扩展速率修正模型基础上,对该模型中裂纹尺寸进行修正,即裂纹长度等于真实裂纹长度加上平面应变状态下裂纹尖端塑性区域一半;并利用修正后的模型对钛合金材料不同情况下疲劳小裂纹扩展速率和寿命进行预报,同时将预报结果与试验值比较.结果表明:修正后的预报模型对小裂纹扩展速率和寿命均有很好的预报效果.     

钛合金疲劳小裂纹扩展行为预报方法研究

针对小裂纹扩展阶段裂纹尖端塑性区域尺寸相对于小裂纹长度是不可忽略的问题,在考虑小裂纹效应裂纹扩展速率修正模型基础上,对该模型中裂纹尺寸进行修正,即裂纹长度等于真实裂纹长度加上平面应变状态下裂纹尖端塑性区域一半;并利用修正后的模型对钛合金材料不同情况下疲劳小裂纹扩展速率和寿命进行预报,同时将预报结果与试验值比较。结果表明:修正后的预报模型对小裂纹扩展速率和寿命均有很好的预报效果。     

不同数值积分方式对海洋结构物疲劳裂纹扩展模拟结果的影响

海洋结构物的疲劳寿命预报是当前的研究热点,文章根据第二作者率领的课题组提出的海洋结构物疲劳寿命预报统一方法比较了疲劳裂纹扩展模拟的三种数值积分方法：逐周数值积分法、△N积分法和△a积分法,并分析了每种方法的适用条件。随后,以中心表面裂纹承受单向交变拉伸载荷的平板为例,分别运用三种方法计算了裂纹扩展寿命和最终裂纹尺寸。同时,研究了△N和△a取值不同对结果的影响。最后,综合考虑计算耗时和计算结果精度,给出了△N积分法和△a积分法的建议值,即△N/N≤1.0%,△a≤0.1 mm。     

A reliability approach to fatigue crack propagation analysis of ship structures in polar regions

Fatigue is a common failure mode in ship structures. For structures with an initial crack, the fatigue crack propagation behavior needs to be considered. The purpose of this study is to establish a procedure for analysis of fatigue crack propagation of ship structures in combination with reliability methods. The stress intensity factor (SIF) and geometry correction factor are calculated by means of finite element analysis. Validation for the SIF calculation is achieved by comparing the computed results with those based on related solutions. Since fatigue damage usually occurs in weld areas, the effect of such components on the fatigue crack propagation behavior was also considered in this work. The Paris law in combination with the Monte Carlo technique are employed for the fatigue crack propagation analysis in this study. Reliability updating based on inspection for cracks is also carried out. A computer program was developed for the purpose of fatigue crack propagation analysis within the framework of reliability methods. An application example of fatigue crack propagation in relation to the hull of the icebreaker Xuelong 2 is presented. The sensitivity of the procedure to key analysis parameters (sample size, initial crack size) is also considered. Finally, the effect of low temperatures on the computed results is also analyzed.