基于主客观综合赋权法的制动踏板感觉评价

制动踏板感觉直接影响到制动安全性和驾驶舒适性,为准确可靠地描述汽车的制动踏板感觉,本文中提出了一种基于主客观综合赋权法的制动踏板感觉评价方法.首先通过实车试验获得各项评价指标的主观评分和客观测试数据;接着构建制动踏板感觉分层结构模型,并基于三角模糊层次分析法得到主观权重,基于熵值法得到客观权重,之后基于主客观综合赋权法...     

基于区间灰数理论的汽车声品质主观评价方法研究

为提高汽车声品质主观评价试验的可靠性和实用性,并对纯电动汽车在匀速及加速工况下的车内噪声品质特性进行分析,在参考语义细分法(ASDM)的基础上结合区间灰数理论,提出一种改进的声品质主观评价方法。评审员以某一基准样本作为参考,采用模糊打分方式对车内噪声样本进行主观评价,以灰色关联度作为评分者信度来筛除无效评分,提出了一种区间灰数的确信度参数,作为计算分数权值的重要指标,以求得各个样本的综合评分结果。通过与传统语义细分法(SDM)以及ASDM的评分结果进行对比分析,验证了改进的方法能在保持相同工作量的前提下,更准确地反映人对汽车车内噪声的主观感受。并采用该方法对3款不同定位的纯电动汽车在不同工况下的车内噪声品质进行了主观评价试验,对比分析了3辆车的声品质特性。     

汽车弯道制动试验响应分析

汽车弯道制动是一种危险而复杂的工况，其复杂性表现在影响因素多和评价方法两方面。文中通过试验，分析了影响汽车弯道制动性能的主要因素。从试验结果来看，用稳定性和偏移量两个评价指标，可以较全面评价汽车弯道制动性能。     

汽车制动颤振的研究

本文对汽车制动过程中产生的振动及噪声问题进行了分类，对汽车制动颤振问题的发生机理、研究方法和影响因素进行了分析：制动颤振的产生是由制动盘和摩擦衬片之间的粘滑运动造成的。制动颤振的研究方法主要分为试验研究和理论研究，理论研究又包含线性和非线性系统动力学方法、多体系统动力学方法和有限元法，其影响因素包括系统的摩擦因素、机械系统参数和动力传动系的参数等。研究制动颤振的产生机理、振源以及传递环节上各种参数的影响，对汽车制动系统的参数匹配和优化具有十分重要的指导意义。     

鼓式制动器噪声机理及对策研究

归纳了鼓式制动器噪声研究现有方法，成果及存在问题，通过台架试验分析某型鼓式制动器制动噪声频率特性以及制动噪声不同频率成分的发生概率，并用有限元模态分析及试验模态分析，研究了制动噪声与制动器零件固有频率之间的关系。发现500～1000Hz范围的制动噪声可能与制动鼓、制动蹄及制动底板的相互作用有关，提出了制动底板加质量块及阻尼垫片的降噪方案。     

汽车制动性能分析和计算机模拟与试验验证

本文提出了一种汽车直接线制动性能的分析和计算方法，并对具体的车型进行了模拟计算和实车道路试验，分析结果表明，计算与试验具有较好的一致性，相比之下，在计算中引入滑移率，考虑车轮半径变化等因素，所得结果更为接近实车路试结果，用所述的分析和计算方法分析汽车制动性能，揭示出用传统方法分析时所掩盖了的一些重要现象，且为在汽车制动性能分析中综合考虑人机工程的因素提供了一种途径。     

模糊控制方法在汽车防抱制动系统中的应用

将模糊控制理论引入汽车防抱制动系统，用以确定防抱制动系统的参数。针对简化的汽车模型，设计了普通模糊控制器和一种自透应模糊控制器。计算机数字仿真试验结果表明这两种控制器能取得较好的控制效果。     

乘用车制动噪声及抖动整车道路试验方法及评价规范探索

乘用车制动噪声及抖动整车试验方法及评价规范,是快速有效开发舒适的制动系统的重要保障。文章围绕建立乘用车制动噪声及抖动整车道路试验方法及评价规范,介绍了创新探索黄山试验路线的选取和认证过程以及试验过程规范。基于文章的工作制定了黄山试验标准(企业标准),一些重要的基础性工作如试验基地的选取、规范的确立等也将为行业标准提供重要参考。     

汽车制动系综合性能计算机测试分析系统

本文论述了一种汽车制动系统综合性能计算机测试分析系统的设计与实现技术。该系统不但能对汽车制动系的各项性能参数进行测试，还能通过对汽车各轮的制动力过程曲线的全面综合分析与评价得出汽车制动系诊断结论。     

RASTI方法及其对轿车内噪声的评价

介绍了评价室内语言清晰度的ＲＡＳＴＩ方法，探讨了ＲＡＳＴＩ法在汽车内噪声评价听应用，认为ＲＡＳＴＩ法对车内谈话语言清晰度和噪声评价很有成效。为进一步综合评价汽车的乘座舒适性打下了基础。     

Improvement of drivability and fuel economy with a hybrid antiskid braking system in hybrid electric vehicles

When braking on wet roads, Antilock Braking System (ABS) control can be triggered because the available brake torque is not sufficient. When the ABS system is active, for a hybrid electric vehicle, the regenerative brake is switched off to safeguard the normal ABS function. When the ABS control is terminated, it would be favorable to reactivate the regenerative brake. However, recurring cycles from ABS to motor regenerative braking could occur. This condition is felt to be unpleasant by the driver and has adverse effects on driving stability. In this paper, a novel hybrid antiskid braking system using fuzzy logic is proposed for a hybrid electric vehicle that has a regenerative braking system operatively connected to an electric traction motor and a separate hydraulic braking system. This control strategy and the method for coordination between regenerative and hydraulic braking are developed. The motor regenerative braking controller is designed. Control of regenerative and hydraulic braking force distribution is investigated. The simulation and experimental results show that vehicle braking performance and fuel economy can be improved and the proposed control strategy and method are effective and robust.     

驾驶机器人车辆动态制动力矩补偿

为了减小长期自动驾驶过程中制动性能下降带来的影响,提出了一种驾驶机器人车辆动态制动力矩补偿方法。首先建立了以车速和制动踏板力为输入,制动力矩为输出的驾驶机器人车辆制动性能离线自学习模型。然后考虑到驾驶机器人车辆长期自动驾驶导致离线自学习模型可靠性下降,建立了以车速和制动踏板力为输入,制动力矩为输出的扩展自回归在线辨识模型,并采用模糊变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法进行参数辨识。模糊变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法通过引入遗忘因子的方式,对数据施加时变加权系数,以避免出现数据增长导致的数据饱和现象。模糊变遗忘因子控制器以制动力矩辨识误差为输入,经模糊规则推理实时输出合适的遗忘因子进行参数辨识,能够有效均衡驾驶机器人车辆制动性能参数辨识的稳定性与收敛速度。驾驶机器人车辆自动驾驶过程中,根据当前车速与目标车速的大小计算出所需的制动力矩,加上反馈回来的制动力矩误差,并结合当前时刻的车速,利用制动性能离线自学习模型与机械腿逆向运动学模型实时计算出制动电机输出位移量,实现对驾驶机器人车辆制动力矩的在线补偿。仿真与试验结果表明:利用所提出的方法对车辆动态制动力矩进行辨识时,通过调节遗忘因子,辨识结果能够快速收敛且辨识误差较小。在此基础上,控制驾驶机器人车辆进行纵向车速跟踪时,能够有效减小制动性能下降造成的影响,保证控制车速跟踪误差在±1km·h-1之内。     

Design of Regenerative Anti-Lock Braking System Controller for 4 In-Wheel-Motor Drive Electric Vehicle with Road Surface Estimation

This paper presents a regenerative anti-lock braking system control method with road detection capability. The aim of the proposed methodology is to improve electric vehicle safety and energy economy during braking maneuvers. Vehicle body longitudinal deceleration is used to estimate a road surface. Based on the estimation results, the controller generates an appropriate braking torque to keep an optimal for various road surfaces wheel slip and to regenerate for a given motor the maximum possible amount of energy during vehicle deceleration. A fuzzy logic controller is applied to fulfill the task. The control method is tested on a four in-wheel-motor drive sport utility electric vehicle model. The model is constructed and parametrized according to the specifications provided by the vehicle manufacturer. The simulation results conducted on different road surfaces, including dry, wet and icy, are introduced.     

基于滑模自抗扰的电制动系统动态负载模拟

为精准模拟传动系弹性及齿隙作用下电制动系统非线性机械负载,提出了自适应模糊滑模自抗扰的测功机控制算法。首先,针对一款前驱电动汽车,建立融合感应电机模型的车辆及台架机电一体化模型,引入典型正常制动和防抱死制动控制作为测试对象。其次,构建扩张状态观测器估计台架系统未建模动态,以自适应模糊滑模控制测功机实时模拟高度非线性机械负载。最后,开展了制动控制策略台架测试的仿真研究。结果表明:提出的方法可精确模拟电制动系统动态负载,有效提高制动控制算法台架测试精度。     

轮毂电机驱动电动微型车车内噪声道路试验分析

通过道路试验的方法针对四轮轮毂电机驱动电动微型车车内噪声问题进行振源、传递途径以及主要贡献板件识别.分析中分别加速工况、回馈制动工况和匀速行驶工况下车内噪声和结构振动信号进行测量,通过对试验数据时间域、频率域、阶次跟踪分析发现:轮毂电机引起的6阶振动是车身结构振动和车内噪声的振源;不同频率范围内车身各结构板件对车内噪声有不同的影响并进行了相关的分析.试验结果对轮毂电机驱动电动车的进一步开发具有参考价值.     

分布式驱动电动汽车回馈制动失效的液压补偿控制

分布式驱动电动汽车各驱动轮转速和转矩可以单独精确控制,便于实现整车动力学控制和制动能量回馈,从而提升车辆的主动安全性和行驶经济性。但车辆在回馈制动过程中,一旦1台电机突发故障,其他电机产生的制动力矩将对整车形成附加横摆力矩,从而造成车辆失稳,此时虽可通过截断异侧对应电机制动力矩输出来保证行驶方向,但会使车辆制动力大幅衰减或丧失,同样不利于行车安全。为了解决此问题,提出并验证一种基于电动助力液压制动系统的制动压力补偿控制方法,力图有效保证整车制动安全性。以轮毂电机驱动汽车为例,首先建立了整车动力学模型以及轮毂电机模型,通过仿真验证了回馈制动失效的整车失稳特性以及电机转矩截断控制的不足;然后,建立了电动助力液压制动系统模型,并通过原理样机的台架试验验证了模型的准确性;接着,基于滑模控制算法设计了制动压力补偿控制器,并在单侧电机再生制动失效后的转矩截断控制基础上完成了液压制动补偿控制效果仿真验证;最后,通过实车试验证明了所提控制方法的有效性和实用性。研究结果表明：在分布式驱动电动汽车单侧电机再生制动失效工况下,通过异侧电机转矩截断控制和制动系统的液压主动补偿,能够使车辆快速恢复稳定行驶并满足制动强度需求。     

汽车制动过程的计算机模拟分析

通过建立汽车制动过程的数字模型，用计算机模拟分析了汽车的制动响应及各种敏感因素对它的影响，同时，进一步分析了引起汽后前后轮先后抱死拖滑的主要原因和影响程度，为汽车制动和制动稳定性的研究提供了参考。     

Study on the effects of motorcycle anti-lock-braking-system for skilled and less-skilled riders: regarding braking in a turn

The effectiveness of ABS for the motorcycle has been evaluated by comparison with deal braking. However, it is almost impossible for the typical rider to perform ideal braking in an emergency. We conducted braking in a turn test by skilled and less-skilled riders, for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of ABS for the typical rider and obtaining data for a method of evaluating motorcycle ABS performance. It was shown that ABS for the motorcycle is effective for both skilled and less-skilled riders in terms of braking distance and vehicle stability.     

Distributed and self-adaptive vehicle speed estimation in the composite braking case for four-wheel drive hybrid electric car

Considering the controllability and observability of the braking torques of the hub motor, Integrated Starter Generator (ISG), and hydraulic brake for four-wheel drive (4WD) hybrid electric cars, a distributed and self-adaptive vehicle speed estimation algorithm for different braking situations has been proposed by fully utilising the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) sensor signals and multiple powersource signals. Firstly, the simulation platform of a 4WD hybrid electric car was established, which integrates an electronic-hydraulic composited braking system model and its control strategy, a nonlinear seven degrees-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model, and the Burckhardt tyre model. Secondly, combining the braking torque signals with the ESP signals, self-adaptive unscented Kalman sub-filter and main-filter adaptable to the observation noise were, respectively, designed. Thirdly, the fusion rules for the sub-filters and master filter were proposed herein, and the estimation results were compared with the simulated value of a real vehicle speed. Finally, based on the hardware in-the-loop platform and by picking up the regenerative motor torque signals and wheel cylinder pressure signals, the proposed speed estimation algorithm was tested under the case of moderate braking on the highly adhesive road, and the case of Antilock Braking System (ABS) action on the slippery road, as well as the case of ABS action on the icy road. Test results show that the presented vehicle speed estimation algorithm has not only a high precision but also a strong adaptability in the composite braking case.     

Robust control of anti-lock brake system

A robust control algorithm for an anti-lock brake system is proposed. The method used is based on static-state feedback of longitudinal slip and does not involve controller scheduling with changing vehicle speed or road adhesion coefficient estimation. An improvement involving scheduling of longitudinal slip reference with longitudinal acceleration measurement is included. Electromechanical braking actuators are used in simulations, and the algorithm used in this study is shown to have high performance on roads with constant and varying adhesion coefficients, displaying nice robustness properties against large vehicle speed and road adhesion coefficient variations. Guidelines are provided for tuning controller gains to cope with unknown actuator delay and measurement noise.