系泊链钢的摩擦磨损研究

采用磨料磨损试验装置研究系泊链22MnCrNiMo钢在静载荷作用下的磨损特性,并用电子分析天平、扫描电子显微镜等手段分析材料的磨损规律以及磨痕表面的形貌。结果表明:22MnCrNiMo钢的单位时间磨损量随磨损时间和载荷的增加而增加;在低载荷和磨损时间较短时,材料磨损机理为微观切削机理,在高载荷时,其磨损机理为犁沟变形机理。     

Ni3Al(Cr)合金室温干滑动摩擦磨损性能研究

采用真空电弧熔炼法制备添加不同Cr含量的Ni_3Al (Cr)合金,观察其组织和力学性能变化,以Si_3N_4为对磨副,探究不同载荷下Ni_3Al (Cr)合金的摩擦磨损机制.利用扫描电子显微镜拍摄材料的组织以及磨痕、磨痕截面形貌,测量磨痕截面显微硬度的变化.研究结果表明:随着Cr含量的增加,Ni_3Al (Cr)材料的硬度,摩擦系数和磨损率不断增加,Ni_3Al-12Cr合金的摩擦磨损性能较好.随着载荷的增加,Ni_3Al (Cr)合金的摩擦系数略有减小,磨损率不断升高;Ni_3Al合金随载荷的增加磨损机制由磨粒磨损和氧化磨损转变为疲劳磨损,剧烈的剥层磨损为主,并伴有氧化磨损,而Ni_3Al-12Cr合金在不同载荷下磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损.     

高铬铸铁抗泥沙磨损性能实验研究

以45钢作为标样,从不同磨损面冲击角对高铬铸铁进行泥沙磨损实验,根据材料性能、磨损实验结果及磨损形貌,分析和对比高铬铸铁和45钢泥沙磨损机理,阐述了高铬铸铁相对耐磨性比较高的原因,为高铬铸铁的抗击泥沙磨损设计提供一定的理论依据。     

原位TiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的磨粒磨损性能研究

采用在普通碳钢的熔炼过程中加入钛的方法制备了不同成分的原位自生TiCP/Fe复合材料,在观察显微组织和测定性能的基础上进行了磨粒磨损特性研究.结果表明,简单的熔铸法可以制备不同体积分数的TiCP/Fe复合材料,材料中TiC以细小的规则多边形状存在.高硬度TiC的形成使得复合材料抗磨粒磨损特性得到提高,其性能总体上随TiC颗粒体积分数的增加而提高,在5～35N载荷范围内,载荷越大,TiC含量越高,表现出越优异的耐磨性能.当制备复合材料时添加过量的Ti使基体中Fe3C消失时,材料宏观硬度降低,但复合材料耐磨性仍得到提高.复合材料的磨损机制以犁削和磨沟为主,形成一次磨屑.     

CCS-B船用钢的动态力学性能探究

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆实验设备,对CCS-B船用钢试件进行了3种不同冲击压力作用下的冲击试验,通过自编程序,得到入射波、反射波和透射波的起点,由三波法计算得到了不同应变率下材料的动态力学性能曲线。通过与材料的静态力学比较分析,表明CCS-B船用钢在中高速冲击载荷作用下,其屈服强度具有应变率敏感性;比较了不同冲击速度下材料的动态力学性能,结果表明材料力学性能与高应变率具有相关性,即材料的屈服强度随应变率的增加而增大。     

湍流作用下颗粒旋转对海水管道的冲蚀磨损过程分析

为了进一步准确预测海水管道携沙的冲蚀磨损,分析了湍流作用下颗粒旋转的冲蚀磨损过程。基于计算流体力学与冲蚀磨损理论,建立了颗粒旋转的数学模型。首先验证了双向耦合对流场的影响,计算了不同冲蚀磨损模型在考虑颗粒旋转条件下的磨损率,讨论了斯托克斯数对磨损位置的影响,分析在考虑颗粒旋转时下不同流速下冲蚀磨损过程。结果表明:考虑颗粒旋转条件下,颗粒在弯头处的运动轨迹发生明显改变,一部分颗粒在惯性力的驱动下直接冲击弯头,另一部分颗粒与弯头产生碰撞后在旋转升力的作用下环绕管壁运动,使得颗粒与壁面碰撞次数增多,颗粒获得充分发展,管道最大磨损率上升。     

冲击载荷下含表面裂纹潜艇典型结构的动态断裂研究

文章基于大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究了带有初始表面裂纹的潜艇典型结构在不同下潜深度、不同爆心到船壳距离R和不同作用方位冲击载荷作用下的动态应力强度因子及其最大值与冲击因子的变化规律,然后以921A钢为例对多种工况下结构是否发生失稳断裂作出初步判断。     

船用柴油机曲轴主轴承润滑性能数值分析

曲轴主轴承工作性能好坏对柴油机性能产生直接影响作用。本文建立某型船用柴油机曲轴主轴承润滑特性数值分析模型,对不同转速工况下主轴承润滑特性进行分析,获得了一个工作循环内的载荷、油膜压力、油膜厚度及轴心轨迹等润滑性能参数。经分析表明,第5主轴承润滑性能相对最差,这主要是由于柴油机曲轴在载荷作用下发生一定程度的弯曲变形,造成第5主轴承下轴瓦中部处的油膜厚度相对较薄,且存在发生过度磨损的隐患。本文研究工作可为船用柴油机曲轴主轴承的设计与优化提供参考。     

某型舰辅汽轮机转子汽封轴颈磨损改性修复及其摩擦磨损性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术和电镀技术分别在45#钢试件表面制备了WC-12Co涂层和硬铬镀层。利用环块磨损试验机测试WC-12Co涂层和硬铬镀层与炭精试块对磨时的室温摩擦磨损性能。并通过显微硬度计和金相显微镜观察分析磨损表面形貌。结果表明：WC-12Co涂层的综合性能指标明显高于硬铬镀层。将该技术用于修复汽轮机转子汽封轴颈表面,可极大提高汽轮机转子的技战术性能,降低维修频率,延长使用寿命。     

冲击载荷作用下中间轴承流体润滑性能研究

为准确了解冲击载荷作用下中间轴承润滑性能,以流体润滑理论为基础,建立冲击载荷作用下中间轴承流体润滑数值分析模型,考虑表面公差参数影响因素,采用有限差分法求解Reynolds方程,获得冲击载荷作用下的中间轴承油膜厚度、轴心轨迹等参数,对比分析得到冲击载荷作用下中间轴承润滑性能的影响。     

疏浚系统耐磨材料的应用研究

随着我国的挖泥船作业水域范围更深、更远,而疏浚设备的耐磨性能越发显示出与发达国家在材料方面的差距,从而制约了我国疏浚产业的快速发展。通过对耐磨材料在挖泥船上应用状况及各种材料的性能分析,阐述了耐磨材料的选用方法和注意事项,以降低磨损、提高疏浚设备的使用可靠性。     

基于克里金法的绞吸挖泥船泥泵磨损近似模型

针对绞吸挖泥船泥泵在工作中因泥浆含固体颗粒易磨损的问题，以某绞吸挖泥船泥泵为研究对象，综合考虑泥浆特性各因素对绞吸挖泥船泥泵磨损的影响，采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)数值模拟对绞吸挖泥船泥泵的磨损情况进行分析，得到由泥浆成分(质量分数)和泥泵磨损构成的样本集。在此基础上，采用克里金法建立绞吸挖泥船泥泵磨损分析的近似模型，并进行近似模型的误差分析。结果表明该近似模型具有一定的精度，可在不开展CFD数值模拟的条件下对泥泵磨损进行较准确的预测，为泥泵可靠性设计提供便利。     

Long-term inter-link wear of model mooring chains

Chains usually form the upper part of moorings systems used for maritime structures such as floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels, increasingly employed in the offshore oil and gas industry particularly in very deep waters. Current design rules do not differentiate between corrosion and inter-link wear. Laboratory experiments are described to determine the rate of wear of model (i.e. small-scale) mooring chains for up to 200,000 wear cycles. Various axial loadings and specific angular displacement were used with testing under either dry or wet conditions and for un-corroded and corroded chain. The results show that tensile force has a significant but non-linear effect on the inter-link wear. The amount of wear is similar for un-corroded and for corroded chains and is lower in wet conditions.     

纳米Al2O3复合镀铁层的结构与性能

为提高船机零部件的耐磨性,减少零部件的磨损,通过在电镀液中添加Al2O3纳米颗粒的方法,制备出含有Al2O3纳米颗粒的复合镀铁层。对制备出的镀层进行硬度、表面形貌、元素成分和摩擦磨损性能分析。结果表明：Al2O3纳米颗粒成功进入了镀层,含有Al2O3颗粒的复合镀层相对普通镀铁层有明显提高；含有40g/L Al2O3的复合镀层的摩擦系数相对普通镀层下降了25%,磨损量也大幅下降；经过摩擦磨损后复合镀层的表面状态良好。     

往复泵运动机构磨损对振动特性的影响分析

往复泵运动机构磨损是影响其性能的主要因素,研究掌握运动机构磨损引起的振动特性,对设备故障诊断和状态监测具有重要意义。由于往复泵组成部件较多,结构复杂,仅依靠对振动数据进行分析的信号处理方法难以准确分析和判断设备性能。通过开展基于运动副磨损对振动特性影响的机理分析,建立曲柄连杆处运动副的接触-分离2种状态力学和数学模型,并利用数值计算方法,分析运动副不同磨损间隙状态下,运动机构运动学、动力学和振动特性,掌握磨损间隙对设备的振动性能的影响,发现磨损间隙的存在对舱底泵的运动特性和振动特性有较大影响。     

Experimental study on the interlayer friction and wear mechanism between armor wires of umbilicals

Friction and wear behavior between armor wire layers of umbilical plays an important role in its mechanical properties, in particular its fatigue life. The present paper addresses friction tests to investigate the interlayer sliding friction and wear mechanism of armor wires in an umbilical. A series of friction tests were carried out to study the evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and wear between armor wire layers. The results show that the COF increases with increasing number of reciprocating sliding cycles in dry friction condition. A dual stable trend was found in the evolution process of interlayer friction and wear of armor wires. A friction model was proposed to describe this trend by dividing the evolution process into three stages: the initial stable stage, the transition stage, and the latter stable stage. The mechanism of the dual stable trend was revealed, which was mainly caused by wear process of nylon fiber tape, and effected by dry/wet wear condition and wear coefficient. The effect of the contact condition, sliding amplitude and number of nylon fiber tape on COF was studied. The COF of the latter stable stage increases with increasing sliding amplitude and number of layers of nylon fiber tape. The finding in this paper provides a valuable approach for a more accurate fatigue life prediction of an umbilical.     

含碳量对TiCp/Ti合金摩擦磨损行为的影响

用熔铸法制备了不同含碳量的原位自生钛合金基复合材料(TiC/Ti6Al4V),采用ML-100磨粒磨损试验机研究了其耐磨性,具体分析C含量对复合材料耐磨性的影响规律。结果表明:TiC增强相颗粒的加入可以明显提高复合材料的耐磨性;复合材料耐磨性提高的原因是基体中均匀弥散分布的TiC粒子不仅提高基体的硬度,而且本身具有优良的抗磨作用。复合材料的磨损机制为:在含碳量小于2.4%时以犁削为主,形成大量一次磨屑;含碳量大于2.4%时,以剥层磨损和犁削并存。     

柴油机气阀的磨损和下陷分析及研究

从气阀的工作条件出发,分析了气阀磨损和下陷的原因及其影响因素,提出了预防柴油机气阀磨损的措施。     

Development of interlink wear estimation method for mooring chain of floating structures: Validation and new approach using three-dimensional contact response

Long-term operation of mooring systems is one of the challenging issues of floating structures such as floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). For integrity assessment, fatigue and its affecting factors have generated considerable recent research interest as the occurrence of a large number of mooring chain failures at a high rate has been reported. By contrast, only few studies on the effect of nonuniform volume loss of mooring chain links due to wear can be found because of difficulties to estimate wear amounts quantitatively. Considering this issue, in this paper, validation of the quantitative interlink wear estimation method is investigated by applying to a spar-type floating structure. Firstly, the method is presented which consists of the material test, derivation of an interlink wear estimation formula with FE analysis, and calculation of mooring chain response with coupled dynamic analysis using a mass-spring model. To improve insufficient accuracy due to the mass-spring model around a clump weight and the touchdown point, the method is further modified by using a 3-D rigid-body link model. The estimation results and comparison show that the modified method distinguishing between rolling and sliding can calculate the interlink wear amount closer to the chain diameter measurements and more reasonable than the method using the conventional mass-spring model.