光纤通信中光接收机的前置放大器电路

本文对光纤通信中光接收机的三类前置放大器进行了分析。提出了改进前置放大器性能的措施,对光纤通信中使用最多的跨阻型前置放大器给出了两种改善噪声特性和动态范围的改进电路。文中最后列出了应用内置AGC跨阻型前置放大器研制的SDH光接收模块的性能指标。     

AGC技术在短波数字收信机中的应用

分析数字接收机的主要问题是A/D转换器的过载问题,从AGC的基本原理和实现方法出发,阐述在数字AGC中,信号经A/D转换器数字化后,增益衰减主要是通过采集数据的运算处理来完成.结果证明,数字AGC具有控制平坦、建立时间快、电路结构简单和成本低、电路性能能达到较高的动态范围等特点.     

对DSSS结合Smart AGC技术的抗干扰性能分析

在分析DSSS和Smart AGC技术的抗干扰性能基础上,用MATLAB对DSSS结合Smart AGC的干扰效果进行了仿真评估.仿真结果表明:DSSS结合Smart AGC技术对单音强干扰具有较好的抗干扰,但对宽带扫频干扰和多音干扰的抗干扰性能差.     

CAN总线智能信号采集模块的设计与实现

介绍了一种基于CAN总线通讯的智能信号采集模块的设计与实现。讨论了系统硬件设计中信号调理模块、通信模块和中心控制模块采用的关键技术。其中双CAN总线结构的冗余设计进一步提高了模块工作的可靠性。最后,介绍了软件设计中CAN通讯及任务调度模块的实现方法。     

基于开关电容滤波和AGC放大器的信号调理电路设计

论文在介绍开关电容滤波器和AGC放大器原理的基础上,根据低频(20Hz～20kHz)信号调理特点,介绍了一种基于开关电容滤波和电压控制AGC放大器的信号调理电路设计.     

长江山区航道能见度监测系统的开发*

设计了一套基于图像的长江山区航道能见度监测系统,主要包括数据采集模块与学习模块、能见度计算单元以及报警与通信模块。实现了信息采集、基于图像的能见度估计算法,并结合D-S证据理论实现了基于多传感器的能见度估计融合算法。能见度计算模块中报警模块可以监测能见度的动态变化情况,并依据规则发出预警信息,该系统已实现并得到验证。     

机务段油料管理系统的研究与实现

介绍了机务段油料管理系统的总体结构,按照系统要完成的功能大致分为油料采购管理模块、油料库存管理模块等八个模块,详细介绍了数据库设计中需要包括的内容.以油料采购管理模块中铁油1操作界面的实现为例,介绍了系统核心模块的实现功能.     

小型模块化电源及其并联系统的设计

本文介绍了一种小型模块化开关电源及其并联系统的原理和设计.该电源由一个电源控制模块和多个电源变流模块组成.电源变流模块通过内置单片机软件实现稳压控制和稳压输出,当多个模块并联运行时,电源控制模块通过I2C总线与电源变流模块通信实现电源系统稳压输出和模块间均流.     

基于Matlab/Simulink的柴油机系统模块化建模与仿真

为实现多种类型的柴油机系统快速建模仿真,利用MATLAB/Simulink,根据模块化思想,以功能为划分原则,把柴油机系统分解为一系列独立又相互联系的子系统,分别建立其模型,建立对应的具有相同模块构建规则的子模块,并建立模块库。在此基础上,可以通过调用不同的库模块,实现不同机型的仿真,并且利用模块库技术管理模块库,实现模块库的更新和扩展,动态满足多样化的仿真目的,从而提高模块的通用性,最终实现多种机型快速建模仿真。     

一种船舶设备智能监测模块的设计与实现

介绍了一种以DSP为核心基于CAN总线通讯的智能监测模块的设计与实现.讨论了系统硬件设计中信号调理模块、通信模块和电源模块采用的关键技术.环形冗余CAN总线结构设计提高了模块工作的可靠性.最后,介绍了软件设计中CAN通讯协议设计及软件抗干扰措施的实现方法.     

低频接收机自动增益控制电路的分析与设计

文章在分析电路噪声、等效噪声输入带宽和自动增益控制原理的基础上,介绍了一种低频接收机自动增益控制电路的设计。     

一种短波数字收信机的频率合成器的实现方法

频率合成技术是短波收信机的重要技术之一。从频率合成的基本原理出发,通过比较分析各种合成器的实现方案,选择DDS＋PLL方案作为文章所介绍的短波数字收信机的频率合成器的实现方法。详细阐述实现该频率合成器所采用的关键技术,通过实际测试和对比对该方案进行评估。     

大用户与发电机组直供电的AGC改进模式探讨

自动发电控制（AGC）作为能量管理系统（EMS）中最重要的控制功能之一,能有效的提高电网互联系统频率质量,提高经济效益和管理水平．但随着我国电力系统市场化体制改革的不断深入和完善,互联系统原先以TBC模式为主的频率控制方式就成了电力市场环境下互联系统区域间交易的壁垒,同时大用户与发电机组的直供电需求也越来越迫切．为了促进大用户直供电运行方式的深入实施,本文从技术上提出一种支持大用户与发电机组间直供电的互联系统AGC改进模式．     

Humpback Whales in Tonga: An Economic Resource for Tourism

The growth of whale-watching internationally has been spectacular. It now occurs in almost 100 countries and is estimated to be worth in excess of U.S.$1 billion each year in revenue. Thus, whales have become valuable as a resource for tourism. The Vava'u island group in the northern part of the Kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific is an area with a growing reputation as a whale-watching destination. However, the industry is relatively new there and the impacts of whale-based tourism in these islands is, as yet, unknown. In addition, there has been a recent consideration of a return to hunting whales in Tonga. As a result, concerns regarding the value of these animals for tourism and the potential impact of a return to hunting have arisen. Consequently, a study was designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the economic impacts of these animals for the island community. This study estimates that humpback whales may be worth in excess of U.S.$700,000 annually as a tourism attraction and that there is significant potential for future growth. Furthermore, the study shows that current visitors are opposed to any resumption of whaling practices in the islands and that such a move would likely displace large numbers of tourists from Tonga. Thus, it is concluded that a resumption of whaling in Tonga would likely have a significant opportunity cost in terms of lost tourism revenues.     

船舶在狭水道中运用GPS、ARPA、ECDIS定位技术研究

船舶在狭水道或进出港航道航行时,为确保船舶航行在预定的航迹线上,传统的定位与导航方法大多是利用助航标志。本文基于GPS、船用雷达(ARPA)和电子海图(ECDIS)等航海仪器与设备功能特点,就船舶运用GPS、船用雷达和电子海图以确定船舶在狭水道航行的航迹线方法作了研究,并就方法的运用提出了相应的注意事项。     

三体船型PCC风荷载的实验性研究(英文)

In recent years, demands for car transportation by a ship have been increasing with favorable economic conditions in auto sector, and the need of a pure car carrier (PCC) has grown quickly. A PCC needs huge parking space but smaller displacement since a car is comparatively light for its volume. As a result, almost all PCCs have wide breadth, shallow draft and huge structure above the water surface. These features cause some technical issues of a PCC, like lack of stability, effect of strong winds on its resistance, difficulty of course keeping in rough seas, difficulty of berthing in strong winds, and so on. To overcome these technical issues, one of the authors has proposed a new concept for a PCC. This is a trimaran PCC which has very limited transverse bulkheads in the center hull by using two side hulls as fenders. In the present research, wind forces acting on a scale model of the trimaran PCC were measured in the towing tank with a wind generator at Osaka Prefecture University. Furthermore, in order to clarify the characteristics of wind pressure on the trimaran, height and width of tunnels which are between a main hull and side hulls were changed. And then, in order to imitate a real ship, we used wind reduction technology of corner-cut design for accommodation house of the ship. Moreover, the wind pressure acting on the trimaran was compared with that on a mono-hull PCC. Using these experimental and theoretical results, an estimation method of wind pressure acting on the trimaran PCC is deduced.     

Maneuvering simulations of pusher-barge systems

Pusher-barge systems were studied in nine different configurations. Captive model tests were performed at the Hiroshima University Towing Tank and the hydrodynamic derivatives for the various configurations were obtained. At a service speed of 7 knots, pusher-barge systems with the same number of barges but arranged in a row (shorter length overall but with a larger breadth) require more power to operate than those that were arranged in a line. When the length overall increased, the tactical diameter, advance, and transfer distances also increased, mainly due to the significant increase in the moment of inertia when barges are arranged in a line, rather than in a row. All pusher-barge systems had small first and second overshoot angles. Pusher-barge systems with the same number of barges had a longer response time to the rudder angle of attack and required a longer stopping distance when arranged in a line, mainly due to the increased moment of inertia and reduced resistance when barges are arranged in this way.     

Minimum Efficient Scale (MES) and preferred scale of container terminals

The decision on the scale of a port terminal affects the terminal’s managerial, operational and competitive position in all the phases of its life. It also affects competition structures in the port in which the terminal is operating, and has a potential impact on other terminals. Port authorities and terminal operators need to know the scale of the terminal when engaging in concession agreements. In economic theory the scale of a plant/firm is typically defined in relation to the Minimum Efficient Scale (MES), the long-run output where the internal economies of scale are fully exploited. However, there are a number of theoretical and empirical indications that in ports the scale of a terminal is commonly guided by a combination of the MES and other determining factors. The “preferred” scale is the result of a complex interaction between the MES, the port governance framework and objectives, the market size and structure, technological change and operational considerations, physical and geographical limitations, and the business patterns of shipping lines. This study analyses the factors resulting in a preferred container terminal scale that in most of the times is different from the MES. The analysis of the technical, market-related and governance-related factors is supported by theoretical and empirical insights that illustrate the presence of a range of actual ”preferred” scales of terminal concessions that usually are different, below or above, MES.     

Locomotion by mechanical pectoral fins

The objectives of this study were the development of a new device for maneuvering an underwater vehicle using the mechanism of a fish swimming, an experimental and theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the device, and its application to maneuvering a fish robot. Observations and experimental analysis of the pectoral fins of a black bass (Micropterus salmoides) revealed that the locomotion of the fish, such as swimming forward at low speed, swimming backward, and turning in a horizontal plane is generated by using a combination of a feathering motion and a lead-lag motion of the pectoral fins. A mechanical pectoral fin making a feathering motion and a lead-lag motion generates a thrust force in a range of phase differences between both motions. The unsteady vortex lattice method, including the effect of viscosity, can express fairly well the unsteady forces acting on the mechanical pectoral fin in the range of phase differences where it exerts the thrust force. The fish robot, consisting of a model fish body and a pair of mechanical pectoral fins, can not only swim forward and turn in almost the same position, but can also swim in a lateral direction without changing the yaw angle. Translation of an article that appeared in the Journal of The Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vol. 182 (1997): The original article won the SNAJ prize, which is awarded annually to the best papers selected from the SNAJ Journal, JMST, or other quality journals in the field of naval architecture and ocean engineering.     

A study of liabilities of multimodal transport operators in China

This article studies the liabilities of a multimodal transport operator under Chinese law. The present legal framework governing the multimodal transport consists of a complex array of laws and regulations. As a consequence, the applicable liability rules, the degree and the extent of the liability of a multimodal transport operator may vary from case to case. In addition, the ratification of the Rotterdam Rules would only contribute to clarification of legal complexities in a multimodal transport case where a sea leg is included. We conclude that there is a need to have a Chinese multimodal transport law which is broad enough in scope to govern the rights and liabilities of all parties involved in multimodal carriage in China.