胺基型超快螯合纤维处理含铜废水性能研究

应用化学涂敷法制备了铜离子螯合纤维,考察了其对铜离子的平衡吸附过程及pH值对吸附性能的影响,对比了螯合纤维及D113树脂吸附铜离子的速率,并用准一级和准二级动力学方程对实验数据进行分析拟合,从而得出结论——在相同的pH值和浓度下,螯合纤维的吸附速率是D113树脂吸附速率的十几倍：     

胺基型超快螯合纤维处理含铜废水性能研究

应用化学涂敷法制备了铜离子螫合纤维,考察了其对铜离子的平衡吸附过程及pH值对吸附性能的影响,对比了螯合纤维及D113树脂吸附铜离子的速率,并用准一级和准二级动力学方程对实验数据进行分析拟合,从而得出结论--在相同的pH值和浓度下,螯合纤维的吸附速率是D113树脂吸附速率的十几倍.     

船舶机舱含油废水在膨胀石墨/活性炭复合吸附剂上的吸附研究

为分析吸附技术在船舶机舱含油废水处理中的可行性,本文通过化学活化法,分别选择KOH和酚醛树脂作为活化剂和碳源,在由溶液浸渍法制备膨胀石墨/活性炭复合吸附剂后,进行乳化油在制备试样上的吸附平衡和吸附动力学特性作分析。在25℃下,根据重量法的原理测试了乳化油在吸附剂试样上的吸附动力曲线,并通过拟合Lagergren准一级和准二级动力学曲线,确定吸附速率常数与初始吸附速度。在温度区间20℃～30℃,测试乳化油在试样上的吸附等温线后,比较Langmuir,Freundlich和Tempkin吸附等温方程预测吸附平衡数据的精度,并由Van′t Hoff方程计算了吸附平衡过程的焓变和熵变。结果表明,乳化油在复合吸附剂上发生物理吸附且在常温下就可自发进行,研究乳化油在复合吸附剂上的吸附动力学特性和吸附平衡可分别选用Lagergren准二级吸附速率模型和Tempkin吸附等温方程。膨胀石墨/活性炭复合吸附剂用于船舶机舱含油废水的处理具有良好的前景。     

污泥对磷酸根离子的吸附研究

自来水厂的含铁污泥被发现拥有潜在除磷酸盐的效果。在批量实验中,污泥在pH值为5.5和吸附时间为8h时,其最大吸附容量约为15.03mg/g。实验数据分别进行了Langmuir和Freundlich等温线的拟合。结果表明,实验数据对于Freundlich模型的符合性更好。此外,动力学研究表明,污泥对磷酸根离子的吸附符合准二级动力学模型。     

新型螯合纤维吸附水中微量铜、铅和镉的试验研究

以实验室自制的新型胺基功能纤维(简称PAN...[PEI.XG])作为去除水中微量铜、铅、镉重金属的吸附剂,分别讨论了PH值、浓度、吸附时间等因素对吸附性能的影响,对吸附规律进行了探讨.实验结果表明,PAN...[PEI.XG]纤维对水中3种重金属离子的吸附具有选择性好、吸附速度快、易于再生等优点,可作为水中去除离子态重金属的优良材料.     

含水量对固态胺纤维吸附CO_2速率的影响

在0.101MPa、温度25℃、CO2含量1.0%条件下,实验测定了含水量0～300%范围内SAF吸附CO2速率,含水量为60%～120%时吸附最快。对低、高含水量工况下水的作用分别进行了讨论,高分子涂层溶胀程度和纤维团堆密度分别是两种状态下影响吸附速率的主要因素。依据扩散控制模型,推导出了适宜含水量下吸附速率公式,当含水量为100%时,其实验值为13.2 g/（kg.min）,约为理论估算值95.0g/（kg.min）的1/7。     

电芬顿处理船舶含油废水的动力学影响因素研究

采用双极电芬顿法处理船舶含油废水,建立反应的动力学速率方程,并对电流密度、pH值、初始含油量几个动力学因素的影响效果进行了分析。结果表明:该反应符合二级反应动力学,反应方程可表示为:[出水含油量]={-kt+[初始含油量]0-1}-1。实验拟合出电流密度、pH值、初始含油量3个不同影响因子与降解速率常数k值的关系式,并根据相关非线性拟合分析,得出上述3个影响因素中,pH值对电芬顿降解含油废水的影响最大,其次是初始油浓度,电流密度次之。     

多孔吸附剂制备及其对高效氟氯氰菊酯分离研究

采用O/W型高内相乳液模板法合成多孔聚合物(PRs),经接枝改性制备了磁性疏水多孔吸附剂(HPRs),采用FT-IR、TGA、SEM、N_2吸附脱附等测试手段进行表征.结果表明:水油比为1∶5,正十二硫醇、盐酸多巴胺和Fe_3O_4用量分别为PRs质量的40μL/g(PRs)、10%和20%时,吸附剂HPRs对高效氟氯氰菊酯的吸附容量最大,达33.58 mg/g;吸附行为符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,为单分子层化学吸附.     

薄层土壤蒸发失水的数学模型研究

本文对薄层土壤蒸发失水的动力学过程作了机理性探讨。从土壤蒸发失水的机理出发建立了土壤干燥的数学模型,研究表明:薄层土壤蒸发失水的机理主要受两方面因素控制,一是土壤本身性质(土壤质地、初始含水量等)决定的内(固有)失水速率;二是受蒸发温度等外部因素影响的失水速率。由此建立的该微分方程的解析解定量地描述了土壤水分在蒸发过程中随时间的动态变化关系。通过不同土壤在不同设定温度条件下薄层土壤蒸发的实验结果验证,对升温蒸发阶段和恒温蒸发阶段分别进行了方差分析,其拟合曲线与实验结果吻合极好,表明该机理方程能够很好地反映该情形下薄层土壤蒸发的动态变化。     

活性碳纤维对VOCs的吸脱附性能研究

以苯、正庚烷作为VOCs代表物质,较详尽地考察了各种吸附条件对活性碳纤维ACF吸附性能的影响,并进行了竞争吸附和ACF多次吸脱附实验.结果表明,正庚烷比苯易吸附;吸附质浓度越高,吸附时间越短;相对湿度越大和空速越高,吸附时间越短;吸附管材质影响吸附效果,不锈钢管有利于吸附;12次吸脱附后ACF吸附性能未见下降.     

10 Towards a Safer Environment：（7）How apatite minerals remediate Pb,Zn and Mn from wastewater？

To evaluate the effectiveness of apatite mineral in removing different contaminants from low quality water in the industrial city of abha,Asir region,southwestern of Saudi Arabia two phosphatic clay dominated by apatite mineral were selected.In situ remediation experiment proved that apatite mineral has the highest affinity for Pb and removed more than 94% from initial Pb concentration.The rest of contaminants followed the descending order of:Zn>Mn>Cu>Co>Ni.The sorption of Pb,Zn and Mn onto apatite mineral was well characterized by the Langmuir model.Ternary-metal addition induced competitive sorption among the three metals,with the interfering effect of Pb>Zn>Mn.During metal retention by apatite mineral calcium and phosphate were determined in equilibrium solution.Calcium increased and phosphate decreased with increasing metal disappearance.The greatest increase of calcium and the largest phosphate reduction were found with Pb+2 sorption. This is suggested that Pb+2 retention by apatite was through the dissolution of apatite which mean release of Ca and P into solution and formation of pyromorphite(lead phosphate)as consuming of P.Obtained results suggested that there are two general mechanisms for the ability of apatite mineral to take up Pb2+,Zn+2 and Mn+2.The first is (ion-ion exchange mechanism)concerned with adsorption of ions on the solid surface followed by their diffusion into apatite mineral and the release of cations originally contained within apatite.The second is (dissolution- precipitation mechanism)concerned to the dissolution of apatite in the aqueous solution containing Pb2+,Zn+2 and Mn+2 followed by the precipitation or coprecipitation.Pb+2 desorption responding to solution pH may indicate that not all the Pb+2 was chemisorbed and fraction of Pb+2 was weakly adsorbed or complexed on the surface of apatite mineral.     

潜艇舱室固态胺CO2清除技术的动力学分析

分析了潜艇舱室固态胺CO_2吸附及水蒸汽再生的反应机理,指出了CO_2水合反应和水合CO_2分解反应分别为吸附与再生过程的慢反应。在实际工况下,固态胺吸附CO_2的速率受传质控制,水蒸汽再生过程很快,其速率不是主要关注的问题。基于双膜理论及双电层理论,分析讨论了固态胺吸附传质过程,推导出了CO_2总的传质速率方程,给出了影响速率的两个可调因素--温度及固态胺的含水量。     

潜艇舱室固态胺CO2清除技术的动力学分析

分析了潜艇舱室固态胺CO2吸附及水蒸气再生的反应机理,指出了CO2水合反应和水合CO2分解反应分别为吸附与再生过程的慢反应.在实际工况下,固态胺吸附CO2的速率受传质控制,水蒸气再生过程很快,其速率不是主要关注的问题.基于双膜理论及双电层理论,分析讨论了固态胺吸附传质过程,推导出了CO2总的传质速率方程,给出了影响速率的2个可调因素--温度及固态胺的含水量.     

一种新型纤维增强酚醛树脂密封材料的制备及表征

酚醛树脂具有力学性能好,耐热性好,耐磨损以及阻燃等优点,被广泛的应用于各种工业领域.但是其延展性差,韧性差,反应残余物对人体危害大限制了其在现代工业的应用.本文中,我们在酚醛树脂中引入芳纶长纤维,木质素短纤维及无机纳米铜添加剂,制备了一种新型密封材料.通过力学性能测试,红外谱图分析,摩擦系数测定以及扫描电镜观察对复合材...     

低温聚合物导电银浆膜层性能影响因素研究

通过不同种类及含量的片状银粉、片状镍粉、氯醋树脂等混合,其与助剂、有机溶剂等以一定配比轧制出不同组合的低温聚合物导电银浆.将银浆固化在PET膜片上,用扫描电镜表征银浆固化后的表面及断面形貌,并主要对导电膜层导电性能、附着力进行检测.结果表明:在一定导电相含量范围内,含量≤4％片状镍粉的加入不影响银浆的导电性能,同时降低...     

Galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium 3004 and copper in tropical marine atmosphere

The galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium 3004 and copper with different area ratios were studied in the tropical marine atmosphere at Tuticorin harbour over a period of 426 days. The area ratios OfAAI： Acu, studied were l：l, 1：2, l：4, 1：8, 2：1, 4：1 ＆ 8：1. The galvanic corrosion behaviour of metals was studied in terms of relative increase in the corrosion rate of aluminium due to galvanic coupling with copper, relative decrease in the corrosion rate of copper due to galvanic coupling with aluminium, and the susceptibility of aluminium to pitting owing to galvanic coupling with copper, The galvanic potential and galvanic current of the system were monitored. Pits of different dimensions ranging from mild etchings to perforations were experienced on the borders and the surfaces of the interface of aluminium in contact with copper. The weathering parameters and the environmental pollutants which have a major role in influencing the galvanic corrosion of metals were also monitored. The corrosion products resulting from galvanic corrosion were analysed using XRD and the pitting on aluminium resulting from galvanic corrosion has been highlighted in terms of pit depth, size and density of pit, using a high resolution microscope.     

Experimental investigations on hydrodynamic interactions between the cylinder and nets of a typical offshore aquacultural structure in steady current

A series of physical experiments were performed in steady current to investigate the hydrodynamic interactions between the cylinder and nets which constitute a main part of offshore aquacultural platforms. The hydrodynamic characteristics of only the cylinder, only nets and combined cylinder-net structures are measured and analyzed systematically under different current velocities, inflow angles and solidity ratios of nets. Based on experimental data, fitted formulas for hydrodynamic coefficients of a single resin net are proposed and compared to previously published empirical formulas. It is observed that the existence of the cylinder brings an increment up to 9.2% to drag coefficient of net panels whose solidity ratios are higher than 0.347, whereas this effect is negligible for nets with lower solidity ratios and perpendicular to the inflow. For nets inclined with 45°, the increment of the drag coefficient of net panels due to the existence of the cylinder is more significant (up to 22.9%) than that for perpendicularly placed nets. Furthermore, the existence of nets also leads to a noticeable increase in the drag coefficient of the cylinder, up to 40.18% for a relatively large net solidity ratio of 0.458, representative of biofouling condition. The increment increases with the rise of the solidity ratio of nets and it is larger for nets placed perpendicularly to the inflow than inclined. Effects of the cylinder and nets on lift coefficients of each other are a bit complicated, leading to an increase or reduction of lift coefficients depending on the inflow velocity, inflow angle and net solidity ratios. Finally, it is worth noting that the hydrodynamic interaction between the cylinder and nets deserves to be considered in current practice of hybrid methods by combining potential flow theory, Morison and screen models for aquacultural structures, especially for biofouling conditions.