水下生产系统液压控制系统脐带缆液容效应研究

油气田水下生产系统液压控制系统多数采用长脐带缆液压驱动完成,由于长行程积累的液阻大、能耗损失大.提出一种利用长脐带缆的液容储能特性优化设计其液压系统流量的方法,对长脐带缆精确分布参数模型进行分析推导,从而最大限度地降低长脐带缆供、回油过程的流动阻力,提高水下生产系统的驱动效率.最后以我国某油气田某井口为例,对供油管路系统进行了阻尼匹配优化设计和仿真,仿真结果与实际非常吻合.     

水下滑翔机试验样机系统设计

水下滑翔机作为一种新型的水下机器人巧妙地利用了水平固定翼将净重力转换为前进驱动力,从而降低了水下机器人的功耗。在海洋科学研究、环境监测、资源探测和军事侦察等方面都具有广阔的应用前景。文章介绍了水下滑翔机试验样机主体结构设计,姿态调节系统设计,浮力调节液压系统设计和控制系统系统设计。对嵌入式低功耗设计和层次设计做了重点介绍,并且对基于双向流量计浮力调节液压系统进行了详细介绍和仿真分析。     

基于EASY5的船舶舵机电液伺服系统建模与仿真

电液伺服系统作为控制系统的一种有效的控制方法,在船舶液压控制中有着极其重要的地位,本文采用目前先进的MSC EASY5软件对某船舶舵机电液伺服系统进行建模并仿真,仿真结果与实际运行情况基本吻合,这对分析舵机液压系统的静、动态特性,优化系统有着重要的意义.     

基于决策树的水下控制模块液压系统故障诊断方法

以国内首套国产化水下控制模块液压系统为研究对象，针对水下控制模块液压系统故障诊断中故障点的隐蔽性、故障原因的复杂性和交织性、相关因素的随机性等难点，分析水下控制模块液压系统的工作原理，确定水下控制模块液压系统的失效故障类型，分别提出基于决策树的水下控制模块低压油路和高压油路故障诊断模型及高效求解算法，准确有效地实现了水下控制模块液压系统的故障诊断。结果表明，水下控制模块液压系统低压油路易发生油路泄漏和堵塞故障，高压油路易发生DCV阀打开失败故障。研究结果能够为我国锦州某气田水下控制模块液压系统的故障诊断提供一定的理论参考和技术指导，对于预防油气泄露等有着重要意义。     

调距桨电液系统半实物仿真技术

调距桨电液系统半实物平台的主要作用是在没有联调试验台架（包含桨毂、轴系、配油器）的情况下,使用通用液压系统接入仿真平台并与模拟硬件进行交互,形成半实物仿真平台进行模拟联调试验,以验证电液系统设计的正确性及性能,从而缩短研发周期及测试成本。文章研制了一种调距桨半实物仿真平台,可以将真实的液压系统与模拟的控制系统联合运行,或将模拟的液压系统与真实的控制系统联合运行,由此可以在实验室环境下完成缺少部分实物的验证试验。使用半实物仿真技术,能够极大缩短调距桨系统的研发周期,降低成本与风险;同时试验能较为真实地模拟系统的工况,试验结果具备较高的可信度,能够用于指导系统的改进与提升。     

水下张力腿平台液压驱动系统建模及控制研究

本文针对一种新型水下张力腿平台的液压驱动系统,开展了建模和控制技术研究。首先,介绍水下张力腿平台及液压驱动系统的功能及组成;其次,基于液压系统动力学模型和水下张力腿平台动力学模型,建立了包含综合不确定性且上界未知的关节空间驱动控制模型;再次,结合液压驱动系统控制要求及系统动力学模型特性,完成了自适应反演滑模控制器设计;最后,利用仿真工具,对本文研究内容的有效性进行验证。仿真结果表明,自适应反演滑模控制器的稳态精度高,抗干扰能力强,适用于液压驱动系统速度控制。该结果证明了本文的建模及控制技术研究合理且有效,为水下张力腿平台的有效控制奠定了基础,且可为同类产品的研究提供借鉴。     

船舶动力装置仿真中的仿真控制系统

介绍船舶动力装置仿真中的仿真控制系统 ,提出采用MATLAB仿真软件建立动力装置仿真控制系统的思路 ,并通过对调速系统的分析 ,建立了电液执行机构和控制器的仿真模型。最后 ,建立了通用的仿真控制策略———船舶仿真车令库和仿真命令 (仿真接口 ) ,并说明采用MATLAB建立动力装置仿真控制系统的可行性。     

船舶舵机液压系统的构成及仿真研究

舵机是船舶航行方向的控制器,决定了船舶的操纵性能,目前装机量最大的船舶舵机是电动液压舵机。由于船舶在航行时不仅受到动力系统的作用力,还会受到海风、海浪等干扰的作用力,因此,研究船舶舵机的电液控制系统,提高船舶舵机性能有重要的意义。本文首先介绍了船舶舵机的结构与工作原理,然后对船舶舵机的水动力特性进行分析,建立了船舶舵机液压系统数学模型,最后对船舶舵机液压伺服控制系统进行了基于平台Simulink组件的仿真。     

水下控制系统设计研究

此研究是:基于南海某水下气田开发的基本设计工作,结合规范要求,对水下控制系统的主要设计范围和设计方法进行梳理。控制系统包括了水上和水下两个部分,在生产运营中由作业者直接操作,起到保持平稳生产的重要角色。     

大型电液疏浚抓斗热平衡系统分析及改进方案

本文以"小鹰号"抓斗挖泥船56 m~3电液疏浚抓斗液压系统产热过程为研究对象,基于液压系统热平衡分析,提出了负载传感变量泵及主/副双油箱的设计方案,降低了抓斗施工运行过程中的系统发热量并提高散热效率,解决了电液疏浚抓斗液压系统因散热问题而造成在浅海工况条件下无法连续施工的问题,提高了大型电液疏浚抓斗挖泥船生产效率。     

闭环液压系统及其对驱动器设计的影响（英文）

Hydraulic systems provide a clean and stable supply of hydraulic fluid for subsea valves and actuators installed on the subsea bed in subsea production systems.Subsea control systems are used for contemporary subsea fields instead of installing the control system on topside.Although all-electric subsea systems are state-of-the-art with benefits such as health,safety,and environment improvement,as well as efficiency and lower cost,hydraulic systems are still used for the development of many subsea fields.One of the main questions in the selection of a subsea hydraulic field is whether to choose an open or closed loop hydraulic system.The main characteristic of an open loop hydraulic system is that the hydraulic fluid is discharged into the marine environment during the actuation of the subsea valves.Conversely,the hydraulic fluid is returned to the topside facilities through an umbilical system in a closed loop system.Given that closed loop systems are more eco-friendly,the main question in this research is to examine the effect of the actuator connection of the closed loop system on actuator design.Two cases of actuated valves connected to a closed loop system are analyzed in this paper.The first is a 71/16-in.subsea slab gate valve in the pressure class of 517 bar with a linear spring return fail-safe close(FSC) actuator located on a manifold branch.The data indicates that the piston rod and cylinder diameter of the FSC linear actuator should be increased by some millimeters due to the accumulation of hydraulic oil at the bottom of the actuator.The hydraulic oil in the closed loop system helps in closing the actuator and spring force,so the spring constant and torque should be reduced as a result.The second case involves a 16-in.subsea ball valve in the pressure class of 517 bar with a double-acting fail-as-is rack and pinion actuator.The conclusion in this case is to avoid making any change in the design of double-acting actuator in connection to the closed loop system.     

水下管道连接器设计研究及应用

随着全球海洋石油天然气开发从浅水走向深水,由于潜水员下潜深度有限,海底油气管道的连接必须通过水下机器人代替潜水员完成此项工作。因此各种管道连接技术也越来越多地应用于海洋石油开发中。水下管道连接器作为一种重要的自动安装连接装置,涉及到机械、液压、材料、防腐、密封等各个方面,具有免潜水员操作、安装便捷、可靠性高等特点,可广泛应用于水下油气管道连接。本文对已成功应用于南海某气田中水下采气树跨接管连接的水平机械式管道连接器和水下管汇发球器连接的垂直液压式管道连接器,从密封结构、导向结构、锁紧结构的设计进行了深入的阐述,并在连接器样机型式试验、产品防腐、水下安装等方面也进行了详细的说明。     

AUV均衡系统设计及垂直面运动控制研究

针对AUV传统均衡调节系统存在难以克服的缺陷而无法实用的问题,设计了一种新型液压均衡系统。该系统主要由油箱和安装在AUV轴线上的两个油囊组成,通过调节油箱和油囊的油量来调节AUV的姿态和浮态。同时在简化AUV垂直面运动模型的基础上,构建了深度控制、纵倾控制和浮态控制模型,并基于PID和均衡系统设计了深度控制、纵倾控制和浮态控制方法。仿真结果表明在无干扰和有干扰两种情况下,设计的均衡系统能有效控制AUV的垂直面运动;建立的AUV垂直面运动控制模型符合AUV运行特性;PID控制算法适合海流干扰下的AUV均衡控制,且具有良好的控制品质。     

全电动水下控制系统及其对水下歧管阀的影响（英文）

Subsea development is moving constantly toward simplification, digitalization, and cost-out strategies because the exploration and production of hydrocarbons are moving toward deeper and remote sea water areas. Usage of all-electric subsea technology instead of hydraulic technology is growing and will be the future of subsea systems due to the former's environmental and functional advantages and reduced costs. The benefits of all-electric subsea systems are health, safety, and environment(HSE)and improved reliability, flexibility, and functionality compared with traditional hydraulic-electrical systems. Existing electrohydraulic technology for a typical subsea system, hydraulic and electric actuators, and subsea manifold valves including valve types and selection philosophy have been reviewed in this paper. Some major worldwide oil companies such as Equinor and Schlumberger have successful experiences with subsea electric actuators. Considering the benefits of all-electric technology especially in terms of cost and HSE, as well as successful experiences of two major oil companies, further research in this area is warranted. One of the gaps in existing reviewed literature is the effect of using all-electric actuators for manifold valves. Thus,three main questions related to electric actuator selection, requirement of safety integrity level(SIL), and effect of using electric actuators on manifold valve selection have been addressed and answered. Forty hydraulic actuated manifold valves from nine past subsea projects in different parts of the world, mainly Africa and Australia, have been selected for the analysis of all-electric actuators. Results show that 93% of the valves require spring-return electric actuators, whereas 7% can be operated with conventional electric actuators without any spring. The manifold valves do not require SIL certification because they are not connected to an emergency shut down system. Introducing the electric actuators to the manifold valve will not change the valve selection philosophy.     

Development of ship sinking frequency model over Subsea Pipeline for Madura Strait using AIS data

It is important to study the risk posed by heavy shipping traffic to a subsea pipeline located near an industrial port area. In this context, it is essential to estimate the accident frequency in an attempt to eliminate subjectivity in the analysis process. This study proposes a model for estimating the ship sinking frequency over the subsea pipeline in the Madura Strait area. The Madura Strait is one of the busiest shipping lanes in Indonesia. Many ships pass through the fairway in the strait, and many industrial ports have been built in this area. The proposed model is developed based on Fujii’s Model, and it uses Automatic Identification System (AIS) data as a ship traffic survey. Ship sinking accidents are considered based on ship–ship collisions over the critical subsea pipeline area. The ship–ship collision locations around the subsea pipeline and the ship traffic distribution models are estimated using AIS data. The causation probability Pc is determined based on a synthetics approach using a Bayesian network modified from Det Norske Veritas’ and Hänninen’s models. The causation probability is estimated by considering factors such as human performance, weather, technical problems, and support. The proposed model is validated by comparing its result with actual accident records for the Madura Strait area. The ratio value of 0.33 is considered to be reasonably agreement (ratio value ≥0.2).     

Closed Loop Hydraulic System and Its Effect on Actuator Design

Hydraulic systems provide a clean and stable supply of hydraulic fluid for subsea valves and actuators installed on the subsea bed in subsea production systems....     

水下分离器管道应力分析

为了提高深水油气田的采收率,延长油气田的开发寿命,水下分离系统的研究已经成为热点,且在北海油气田项目中已经成功地应用。水下分离系统的核心是水下分离器,分离器的正常运行对于水下分离系统的安全性和可靠性具有十分重要的意义。水下分离器管道的应力分析不同于普通的平台工艺管道的分析。介绍了管道应力的基本知识,讨论了水下分离器管道应力分析的特点,校核规范的选取,以及与平台工艺管线分析方法的区别,并且应用CAESAR-Ⅱ管道应力分析软件,通过实例阐述水下分离器管道应力分析的方法和流程。     

深水全电采油树控制系统可靠性评估方法（英文）

The subsea all-electric Christmas tree(XT) is a key equipment in subsea production systems.Once it fails,the marine environment will be seriously polluted.Therefore,strict reliability analysis and measures to improve reliability must be performed before a subsea all-electric XT is launched;such measures are crucial to subsea safe production.A fault-tolerant control system was developed in this paper to improve the reliability of XT.A dual-factor degradation model for electrical control system components was proposed to improve the evaluation accuracy,and the reliability of the control system was analyzed based on the Markov model.The influences of the common cause failure and the failure rate in key components on the reliability and availability of the control system were studied.The impacts of mean time to repair and incomplete repair strategy on the availability of the control system were also investigated.Research results show the key factors that affect system reliability,and a specific method to improve the reliability and availability of the control system was given.This reliability analysis method for the control system could be applied to general all-electric subsea control systems to guide their safe production.     

基于笼型异步电机的螺旋桨负载模拟研究

将笼型异步电机作为螺旋桨负载的模拟电机,通过建立旋转坐标系下的笼型异步电动机数学模型实现了电流在磁场方向和转矩方向的解耦,采用转矩矢量控制策略实现了机械负载模拟电机的转矩闭环控制。在MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境下构建了基于转矩矢量控制的机械负载模拟控制系统的仿真模型,并结合综合考虑船桨相互影响的螺旋桨负载模型进行了某船舶的螺旋桨起动和反转过程仿真研究。正确的模拟了船舶螺旋桨负载的反转特性,并确定所设计系统可以实现了机械负载转矩的四象限模拟,能够应用于螺旋桨等具有可逆性质的机械负载模拟的场合。