水下采油树的传热计算与保温设计*

良好的保温设计是水下采油树流动安全保障的基本措施,包括水下采油树"热点"和"冷点"的保温处理。通过对"热点"位置添加保温材料,对"冷点"位置安装可靠的保温结构,改善水下采油树整体结构的传热特性,进而防止原油析蜡和水合物结晶。保温设计的关键问题是传热计算,目前通用的水下采油树传热计算方法准确度不够。通过概述水下采油树传热计算方法的不足和改进方向,详细介绍了水下采油树保温方案的设计方法。     

水下采油树海试技术方案

为了验证水下采油树的相关性能,参照API标准及水下采油树国外厂家经验,设计水下采油树海试技术方案,介绍方案测试前准备、测试条件及设备、水下测试的流程及采油树的下放安装回收,该方案可较全面地对水下采油树各项性能进行海试验证,为国产采油树应用提供可行的技术验证方案。     

国产化水下采油树项目质量管理体系研究

水下采油树工况的特殊性,决定了其质量的高要求。根据当前国内制造业质量管理环境,以"金字塔"质量管理体系为依据,通过建立"质量管理体系树、项目包"形态来进行水下采油树所有零部件的跟踪确认,实现了工程实践与水下采油树研制、测试相结合,有助于建立一整套完整的水下采油树生产和监督控制体系,为实现水下采油树的国产化、工程化奠定基础。同时,建立行之有效的项目质量管理体系,便于其他企业参考借鉴。     

水下采油树阻力系数试验与数值模拟

为了给来流条件下采油树水动力荷载计算提供基础数据，建立水下采油树数值模型。基于有限体积法，采用商业软件STAR-CCM+，对采油树模型拖曳试验进行数值模拟，计算得到13种拖曳速度条件下采油树纵向、横向和垂向的阻力及阻力系数，并在此基础上提出一种新的水下采油树模型拖曳试验方法，开展了39组拖曳试验，得到13种速度条件下采油树纵向、横向和垂向的阻力及阻力系数。结果表明：阻力和阻力系数的试验数据与数值仿真数据基本保持一致，验证了结果的准确性和可靠性；水下采油树模型各方向阻力随拖曳速度的增加呈二次关系增加，阻力系数随速度的增加基本保持稳定；纵向、横向和垂向的阻力系数平均值约为0.432、0.479和0.446。数值模拟和试验得到的采油树阻力和阻力系数可为采油树水动力荷载计算提供关键基础数据。     

水下采油树钢结构焊接残余应力消除

本文根据中国南海某气田开发项目水下采油树的应用环境及应用要求 ,对水下采油树钢结构焊接所产生的残余应力的机理、分布规律及其影响因素进行了分析,并阐述了控制水下采油树钢结构焊接残余应力的主要工艺解决措施。此基础上,将其应用于国产化备用采油树项目,满足了产品的应用要求。     

一种新型简单的采油树

介绍了能适应小型边际油气田开发的一种结构简单、成本低廉、安装方便的新型水下采油树的结构原理和主要特点,为边际油气田的开发提供新的选择.     

我国水下生产系统测试技术进展

水下生产系统是海洋油气田开发的主要模式之一,而水下生产系统测试是控制水下生产系统设备质量、保障水下生产系统安全运行的重要技术手段.根据水下生产系统的设计标准,论文对包括水下采油树、水下控制系统等在内的水下生产系统设备测试要求进行了阐述,针对我国当前水下生产系统技术体系,详细阐述了我国水下生产系统测试技术与测试装备的现状...     

油管挂外补芯与采油树本体间的锁紧环设计

锁紧环是油管挂外补芯坐挂于采油树本体上的关键锁紧固定机构,锁紧环的失效与否直接关系到油管挂外补芯能否有效坐挂于采油树本体上并解锁回收。根据我国南海某油田工况,依托美钻能源科技（上海）有限公司1 500 m水下智能井口和采油树项目,着重介绍锁紧环的设计方案,就可能遇到的油管挂外补芯多年服役后难以解锁回收的问题进行研究分析,提出针对性解决措施。有效解决了油管挂外补芯的回收再利用这一关键技术难题。     

武昌造船厂研制成功大深度供、排气快插接头

武昌造船厂最近研制成功大深度供、排气快插接头.这一新装置的研制成功,改变了我国潜艇长期沿用的水下螺纹连接接头费时、费力的繁重方式,减少了潜水员水下作业时间,极大地提高了水下作业效率.     

铝/钢复合过渡接头焊接温度场及性能试验研究

本文通过试验方法对比研究了焊接热循环对三种应用于舰船铝合金、钢质结构连接的铝合金-钢复合过渡接头温度场及界面结合性能的影响。在前期研究的基础上,试样依次采用铝合金TIG焊、MIG焊实现过渡接头与铝合金板材之间的焊接。过渡接头复合界面的温度场及焊接前后界面结合性能测试结果表明：焊接热循环对过渡接头复合界面剪切强度及厚度方向的抗拉强度具有显著的影响。同一焊接条件下,焊接热循环在新型四层复合过渡接头界面上产生的温度峰值明显低于目前广泛应用的两种三层复合过渡接头,四层复合过渡接头焊接前后的性能也大大高于后者,即使采用小宽度焊接试样,其焊后性能仍能满足舰船设计指标要求。因此,是能满足“更高施焊温度、更大应力承载、结合界面更强和更高结构韧性”要求的新型铝合金、钢结构焊接连接用过渡接头。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

正~~     

第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。