公路桥梁工程中高墩施工技术应用研究

为提高公路桥梁工程施工质量,对高墩施工技术进行分析,以具体分类为出发点,探究高墩施工技术在公路桥梁施工中的具体应用。对测量放样、桩顶凿毛到浇筑混凝土、拆模及养护等全过程的施工技术要点、工艺措施和注意事项等进行研究。通过分析了解到,高墩施工技术在公路桥梁工程中有重要的应用价值,不同的高墩施工技术在实际工程中有各自的优势和适用性,施工方可根据工程特点和要求选择合适的技术,以保证施工安全、高效。     

悬臂爬模技术在特大桥梁高墩施工中的应用研究

为最大限度地发挥悬臂爬模技术优势,在特大桥梁高墩施工中需充分考虑各种影响因素,结合相关资料和实践措施对施工影响因素以及工艺特点进行分析,为高墩桥梁工程顺利开展创造良好条件。研究结果表明,悬臂爬模技术在特大桥梁高墩施工中的科学应用有利于提高施工进程,为改善相关工艺技术提出相应的控制措施,以期为相关工作者提供有效参考。     

高速公路建设期重大危险源辨识探讨

文章基于危险源及重大危险源的一般定义,结合湖北杭瑞高速公路建设的实际情况,提出了高速公路建设期重大危险源的定义,并通过建立概率风险评价分析模型,采用事故树分析法和德尔菲法确定了事故发生的概率值,得出了判别重大危险源的风险度临界值,以对类似高速公路建设期重大危险源的辨识提供指导。     

公路工程施工安全事故分析及管理控制

公路工程施工安全事故具有后果严重、发生地集中、类型多样等特征,分析公路工程施工安全事故原因,找出其安全因素,对于公路工程施工安全管理控制极为有效。首先,分析了公路工程施工安全事故发生的原因;其次,深入探讨了公路工程施工安全危险源控制原则;最后,就公路工程施工安全危险源控制及管理措施进行了研究,以为相关公路工程提供参考。     

浅谈高速公路路面施工安全管理方法

文章通过分析当前高速公路路面施工安全状况,划分高速公路路面施工危险区域,找出存在的危险控制点,确定项目重大危险源。同时针对项目施工主要危险区域及危险控制点,提出了高速公路路面现场施工安全管理方法。     

桥梁高墩盖梁悬空无支架施工技术

研究了高墩盖梁无支架施工的特点和施工工艺,为桥梁高墩在复杂地形条件下的施工提供一种新施工方法。     

高速公路桥梁高墩施工技术的应用分析

桥梁高墩施工是非常重要的结构形式,对于桥梁工程的总体性能提升有着直接的影响。文章基于高墩施工特征及其整体要求,分析了高墩施工技术在高速公路桥梁工程中应用的工艺要点。     

桥梁高墩施工关键技术应用分析

文章结合公路桥梁工程实例,针对桥梁高墩施工的关键技术,介绍了桥梁高墩施工方案与技术要点。     

公路桥梁高墩施工爬模技术

为提高公路桥梁高墩施工质量,解决模板安装难题,对公路桥梁高墩施工爬模技术进行介绍,并结合工程案例对公路桥梁施工方案的选择、爬模系统的选择、爬模施工步骤和注意事项等进行分析,以期为桥梁高墩工程施工提供更多思路,进一步提高公路桥梁高墩施工爬模技术应用效果。     

超百米高墩的滑升架翻转模板施工工艺

文章通过介绍新寨河特大桥主跨高墩的滑升架翻转模板施工方法,阐述了滑升架翻转模板施工工艺在高墩施工中的应用和技术特点。并通过与其他高墩施工工艺的对比,评价了滑升架翻转模板施工工艺的适用性、经济性和安全性。     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A new approach for modeling of Fundamental Diagrams

According to the intra-vehicle interaction, a traffic flow can generally be divided into three homogeneous states (1) that of free driving, (2) that of bunched driving, and (3) that of standing. The parameter describing the state of free driving is the desired speed, for the state of bunching it is the intra-vehicle gaps (time headway) within the convoy and the mean speed of the convoy, and for the state of standing it is the maximum jam density. These are the most essential parameters which do not depend on the actual traffic situation.This paper introduces a new model which considers the Fundamental Diagram (equilibrium speed–flow–density relationship) as a function of the homogeneous states. All traffic situations in reality can be considered as combinations of the homogeneous states and therefore can be described by the essential parameters mentioned above. The non-congested (fluid) traffic is a combination (superposition) of the states of free driving and bunched driving, the congested (jam, stop, and go) traffic is a combination of the states of bunched driving (go) and standing (stop). The contribution of the traffic states within the differently congested traffic situations can then be easily obtained from the queuing and probability theory. As a result, Fundamental Diagram in all equilibrium traffic situations is derived as simple functions of the essential parameters.According to the new model the capacity of freeways and rural highways can be determined by measuring the essential parameters. This is much easier than measuring the capacity directly.Furthermore, the probabilities of the various traffic states can be obtained from the new model. This leads to new possibilities in real-time controlling and telematics.The new model is verified by comprehensive measurements carried out on freeways and rural highways in Germany.     

输油站场清管系统应力分析

清管是输油管道重要的常规作业之一,是保证管线长期按照设计输量运行的重要保障。目前,对输油站场的清管系统在运行工况下的应力分析较少,特别是没有考虑由于清管器本身对管道所造成的冲击对管道应力分布的影响,所以有必要对输油站场清管工况下的管道进行应力分析。文中采用CAESAR Ⅱ软件对某输油站清管工况下管道系统进行应力分析,建立了清管器受力模型,通过编制VB程序计算了清管器的冲击产生的集中应力大小,并以假设清管器产生的冲击力最大的情况下得出整个管道的一、二次应力分布,找出了一、二次应力分布的关键点,并进行了校核,满足管道的强度要求,所用方法有利于更好地保证清管作业安全。     

Competition policy and the liberalisation of European aviation

The European aviation industry is undergoing a process of liberalisation. One of the important lessons of American deregulation was that the industry is not perfectly contestable. One implication of this is that actual competition on a route is important in order to be able to secure the benefits of deregulation or liberalisation. Another is that effective competition policy is important in order to prevent anti-competitive mergers or predatory behaviour. This paper reviews the merger investigations in European aviation which have accompanied the search by carriers to secure the benefits of market power, and considers the extent of route competition within the European Community and its relationship to the different route licensing policies of different national governments. The paper considers the extent of present competition on the busiest routes, and stresses the importance of cabotage rights in opening up the European market to effective competition.     

Development and evaluation of a knowledge-based system for traffic congestion management and control

This paper describes a real-time knowledge-based system (KBS) for decision support to Traffic Operation Center personnel in the selection of integrated traffic control plans after the occurrence of non-recurring congestion, on freeway and arterial networks. The uniqueness of the system, called TCM, lies in its ability to cooperate with the operator, by handling different sources of input data and inferred knowledge, and providing an explanation of its reasoning process. A data fusion algorithm for the analysis of congestion allows to represent and interpret different types of data, with various levels of reliability and uncertainty, to provide a clear assessment of traffic conditions. An efficient algorithm for the selection of control plans determines alternative traffic control responses. These are proposed to an operator, along with an explanation of the reasoning process that led to their development and an estimation of their expected effect on traffic. The validation of the system, which is one of only few examples of validation of a KBS in transportation, demonstrates the validity of the approach. The evaluation results, in a simulated environment demonstrate the ability of TCM to reduce congestion, through the formulation of traffic diversion and control schemes.     

Financing urban rail projects: The case of Los Angeles

This paper describes the potential use of the financing strategy of value capture or benefit assessment for an urban mass transportation project. The paper describes the legal background to the use of benefit assessment, and the process of implementation for the first construction phase of the Los Angeles Metro Rail project. The process of developing the benefit assessment structure was a consultative one, utilizing technical inputs from a team of specialist consultants, a task force consisting of major developers and property owners in the affected area, and politicians representing many of the interests in the region. The initial benefit assessment districts were set up to raise $130 million of the cost of the first 4.4 miles of the rail project, and are based on the benefits accruing to certain categories of property in the vicinity of stations. The assessment would be collected for about 18 years and bonding would be used to provide the capital at the time of construction.The paper describes the procedure for setting boundaries, the structuring of the assessment rates, the definition of benefiting properties, and the uses and tenure of the assessment. In almost all cases, the theory of value capture indicated a different result than was achieved from a consensus of the task force, and the nature of these differences is explored in the paper. The establishment of the benefit assessment districts withstood early court challenges, but has subsequently been appealed and was overturned on appeal. Action is pending with the Supreme Court currently, and efforts are also underway to pass new legislation to deal with some of the issues raised in the court proceedings.     

Effects of built environment on walking at the neighbourhood scale. A new role for street networks by modelling their configurational accessibility?

The hypothesis of this paper is that some features of the built environment, particularly those concerned with the accessibility of the street network, could be associated with the proportion of pedestrians on all trips (modal split) found in different parts of a city. Quantitative analysis (bi-variate correlation and a multiple regression model) was used to establish the association between variables. The study area covered a substantial part of the metropolitan area in Madrid, Spain. Results showed a consistent influence of five particular indexes in the multi-variate model. Not surprisingly for this kind of research, four of them described density and mix of land uses. But perhaps more interestingly, the first one was a measure of the accessibility of the public space network, a less prominent variable in literature to date. This variable is called herein configurational accessibility, calculated using Space Syntax, an urban morphology theory. The relevance of configurational accessibility is probably related to its surprising ability to synthesize global and perceived properties of street networks at the same time. The findings introduce the idea that the configuration of the urban grid can influence the proportion of pedestrians (as a part of total trips in any transport mode) who choose to walk on single-journey trips. The discussion links with the current debate about walkability indexes and the need of empirical support for the chosen variables and also with transport planning. Because the relevance of the street network’s role is not so easy to grasp, inputs from configurational theory and the pedestrian potential underlying this fact are also discussed at the end of the paper.     

海底混输管道内部状态完整性分析

为保证某混输海管的安全运营,通过建立混输海管多相流动模型和腐蚀模型,分析海管典型运行工况参数与设计取值,得出管道多相流动参数分布规律、腐蚀速率主要影响因素和总腐蚀情况。结果表明：海管入口立管底部压力最高;管内沿线温度总体逐渐降低,具有轻微波动;平管上坡段和入口立管段持液率较高;液体流速对该管道腐蚀速率的影响最显著;入口立管段底部腐蚀速率最大,且均大于设计取值;腐蚀速率设计取值偏小。     

中开线春亭段输气管线变形失效分析

就中开线春亭段输气管线在检修维护中发现的内层管道截面非正常变形问题进行了分析研究。排查了引起管道变形失效的主要因素,对管线改建过程中的关键施工环节对内管外压失稳的作用作了分析与验证。分析表明:该管线的变形失效是在加套管过程中工艺安排不当所致,在施工过程的试压期间引起了内管的外压失稳,使内管产生永久的变形。同时给出了该类管线在设计、制造和检验过程应注意的问题和建议。