薄壁容器——铁路散装货罐体的优化设计

本文应用DDDU优化设计程序系统,对薄壁容器——铁路散装货罐体进行了优化设计,并从理论上探讨了网格的划分和阐明了加强筋的作用。圆整后优化设计的结果可较原设计重量下降24.4％。     

基于气泡模型的自由曲面网格生成和调控

为了在自由曲面上生成形状规整、大小可控的三角形网格,提出一种基于气泡运动模型的网格自动生成方法. 将适量的网格点布置在离散化的曲面上,并模拟为弹性气泡. 引入气泡间的相互作用力和曲面对气泡的吸附力,得到各气泡的运动控制方程. 采用数值方法近似求解气泡系统的平衡状态. 将平衡后的气泡中心用曲面Delaunay法连接成曲面上的三角形网格. 在气泡模型中,通过相对半径函数控制各气泡的相对大小,进而实现对网格大小的调控. 通过在相对半径函数中考虑气泡中心到特定点或线的距离、参考线或曲面的曲率等因素的影响,生成网格大小与曲面特征相适应的三角形网格. 6个算例结果表明,该方法生成的网格形状规整、疏密有致,其形状质量指标都高于0.97;该方法为网格结构的设计提供了参考.      

基于CFD模拟通道底部渠流的研究

本文采用STAR-CCM+中三种不同网格离散化数据处理对通道底部障碍物稳定气流的动力学仿真分析,以通道底部障碍物为研究对象,结合流体速度分布流线图、壁面y+分布图、单元线积分卷积速度图以及x-y图等,采用CFD数值模拟方法分析了三种单元网格的数据结果.结果表明:六面体网格比四面体网格和切割体网格更高的网格精度和网格质量.研究结果对渠流底部障碍物液相特征优化设计提供了依据,可供工程实际检算和设计参考,能够对大型河道障碍物危害治理提供实践指导作用.     

减缓冲击响应的一个设计原则及途径探讨

在研究承受冲击载荷的机械零件设计时,提出了一个新的设计原则,并将冲击问题转化为形状优化设计问题。研究表明,该设计原则给出了一个较全面的权衡,作为一个例子,本文计论了缓冲孔和它的优化设计。     

高速列车车轮强度快速评价系统研制

为提高高速列车车轮优化设计过程中车轮强度评价的效率,开发了高速列车车轮强度快速评价系统.基于数据库的车轮设计参数,利用ANSYS二次开发技术在ANSYS环境中驱动车轮三维模型的自动重建,以期望的网格密度,完成车轮模型的网格划分,继而按照车轮强度评价标准规定的工况,自动生成相应的强度分析前处理模型.调用ANSYS求解器完成强度仿真分析,最后进行数据后处理得到评价结论.以某型动车组车轮为例,通过人工计算与本文自动计算的结果对比,验证所开发系统的可靠性.     

基于网格技术的仿真及其应用研究

网格系统的设计是一个复杂的系统工程,它需要考虑由于广域共享所引起的许多问题,比如资源的异构性、动态性及性能等问题.网格仿真技术为帮助网格系统的设计者验证设计方案、测试设计性能提供了极大的便利.通过分析当前一些有代表性的网格仿真工具、仿真网格的体系结构,提出了网格仿真在交通领域的应用前景.     

柴油机曲轴的三维形状优化

采用序列线性规划算法对16V240ZJ柴油机锻钢曲轴圆角进行了形状优化设计。优化的目标函数是最大应力最小,设计变量是圆角附近设计单元控制节点的坐标。优化结果完全满足曲轴设计与制造工艺的要求。     

单层短程线网壳的优化设计

以短程线网壳的总质量为目标函数,以网壳的网格数、矢高、杆件截面面积和节点体积作为优化设计变量,采用一维搜索法与相对差商法相结合的序列两级优化方法进行截面优化设计。对不同跨度、不同矢跨比和不同网格划分密度的多个单层短程线球面网壳结构进行了计算,用回归分析法得出网壳最优网格划分数量、矢跨比、杆件截面面积和节点体积。     

结构优化程序系统‘GJOPT’

本文介绍了作者所研制的结构优化设计‘GJOPT’程序系统的组成、设计思想及其中一个较有特色的优化设计齿形法，并给出了该系统的应用和编制说明；该程序系统对空间刚架结构的优化设计是行之有效的。     

基于分段控制的MMPC排气管段几何建模方法

MMPC系统排气歧管出口形状与入口形状有较大差异。为降低歧管内的流动损失,需要入口形状沿歧管轴线平滑过渡到出口形状,确定歧管截面形状沿歧管轴线的分布规律是实现平滑过渡的前提。给出一种基于分段控制的MMPC排气歧管几何建模方法,建立对出口、入口形状近似程度不同的一组截面,通过各截面在扫描路径上的位置变化,控制MMPC排气歧管段的平滑过渡,为MMPC排气管段的优化设计建立基础。     

Periodic topology optimization of crane boom based on improved soft kill option method

An improved soft kill option (SKO) method is proposed to achieve the optimization design of tower crane boom. For a better optimization performance, a parabolic weight coefficient is suggested and the displacement constraint is taken into consideration. In order to eliminate the numerical instability phenomena like checkerboard and mesh dependence, element temperature filter function is added into SKO method. Through the optimization data comparison of rectangular cantilever plate, it is verified that the improved SKO method can achieve a better result with more uniform stress and higher efficiency. Based on the dimension and load parameters of QTZ63 tower crane boom, an optimization model is established, and a periodic SKO method is put forward to optimize this model. The optimization result of the crane boom can provide a new thought for tower crane boom design.     

Fast triangulation and local optimization for scan data of laser radar

In order to study the triangulation for the point cloud data collected by three-dimensional laser radar, in accordance with the line-by-line characteristics of laser radar scanning, an improved Delaunay triangulation method is proposed to mesh the point cloud data as a triangulation irregular network. Based on the geometric topology location information among radar point cloud data, focusing on the position relationship between adjacent scanning line of the point data, a preliminary match network is obtained according to their geometric relationship. A reasonable triangulation network for the object surface is acquired after the use of local optimization on initial mesh by Delaunay rule. Meanwhile, a new judging rule is proposed to contrast the triangulation before and after the optimization on the network. The result shows that triangulation for point cloud with full use of its own characteristics can improve the speed of the algorithm obviously, and the rule for judging the triangulation can evaluate the quality of network.     

考虑网格自动划分求敏度的边界元法

设计了一种网格自动划分中考虑结构几何边界特点来保证精度的工程实用方法；在优化等重分析类算法中将敏度分析与之相关不会产生传统方法中因对计算结果圆整而产生的误差，可以方便地把计算结果直接用于工程结构。     

Mesh motion approach based on spring analogy method for unstructured meshes

Mesh motion strategy is one of the key points in many fluid-structure interaction problems. One popular technique used to solve this problem is known as the spring analogy method. In this paper a new mesh update approach based on the spring analogy method is presented for the effective treatment of mesh moving boundary problems. The proposed mesh update technique is developed to avoid the generation of squashed invalid elements and maintain mesh quality by considering each element shape and grid scale to th...     

Novel mesh technique and its application in the wind field simulation for flexible spatial structure

In this paper, novel mesh techniques are proposed for wind field simulation of flexible spatial structure. For mesh generation, an interpolation strategy is presented to obtain a mesh system with variable density. Two spatial structure examples are used to examine the efficiency and applicability of this technique. Then based on the structured mesh system generated by the technique, the mesh nodal coordinates are updated to adapt the moving boundary conditions by means of the mapping interpolation functions and some examples are given to verify the effectiveness. Furthermore, the constrained counterforce distribution technique and projection interpolation strategy are developed to implement the data exchange on the interaction surface of wind and structure. Finally, the computational accuracy is numerically validated.     

遗传算法用于控制器参数的满意优化

对于控制器参数的多指标优化问题，提出了一种新型优化设计方法。通过分别设计的各个性能指标的满意度函数，反映出各性能指标对控制系统的具体要求；并用综合满意度函数的设计，反映出对控制目标的综合要求。由此给出了一种优化模型。应用遗传算法自动搜索，实现控制器参烽的优化。仿真实验效果良好，表明了本文方法的灵活实用性。     

Surface reconstruction by structured light projection

A rapid and practical method is proposed to reconstruct surface based on the linked structured light stripes which are produced by structured light projection. The subpixel points on a stripe are linked firstly one by one to form a stripe ensemble which is then transformed to a point ensemble in 3D space. The initial mesh with local optimization is generated by triangulating each two adjacent point ensembles. In order to obtain a better mesh, our improved edge flipping algorithm is employed to optimize the initial mesh globally. Because of employing the information of the linked structured stripes, our reconstruction algorithm is performed fastly. Moreover, the subpixel points on each stripe are already linked on the captured images such that they do not require the high sampling density. The experiments show that the proposed method constructs a surface rapidly and effectively.     

基于蚁群算法的城市公交线网模型优化方法研究

蚁群算法是一种求解组合优化问题的新型通用启发式方法,城市公交线网模型优化是一个复杂的非线性组合优化问题.本文将蚁群算法用于城市公交线网模型优化问题的研究,建立了城市公交线网的数学模型,该模型以乘客公交总出行时间最短与公交运营投入最小为目标函数,并在此基础上设计了相应的算法.算例证明了该算法在城市公交线网优化中应用的可行性和有效性.     

生成线路初始平面的自动优化方法

为迅速获得合理的线路平面初始方案,将产生线路初始平面的过程分为两个连续的子过程：首先根据航空折线寻求一条链式折线线路,然后对链式折线线路平面进行圆顺处理,生成直线－曲线－直线型线路平面;再进行线路平面初步优化设计后,即可得出线路初始平面方案。该方法已用于铁路新线设计智能CAD系统的研究中。     

公交线网优化新技术的应用研究

针对现有公交线网优化研究模型求解复杂、可操作性不强的现状,提出了一种新的公交线网优化方法：从分析乘客对线网的需求意愿入手,获取线网优化要重点解决的问题,在此基础上提出优化策略。建立平衡乘客及公交运营企业利益的系统成本最优模型。最后以济南为例,验证方法的可操作性和优化结果的可实施性。