采用ANSYS分析斜顶桩驳岸结构的桩土相互作用

斜顶桩板桩驳岸结构是一种深水高桩码头接岸结构型式,驳岸结构与填土相互作用是一个被动桩与土相互作用问题。某深水港采用了斜顶桩驳岸结构,码头区为软土地基,土体的强度低、压缩性大,后方填土将作用于驳岸结构较大的土压力,其变形过程相当复杂。文章探讨了桩土相互作用的数值模拟方法,采用ANSYS有限元软件建立了驳岸结构与土相互作用的数值计算模型,并进行了填土过程的仿真分析,将侧向位移计算结果与原型观测值进行比较分析,在数值上和变化趋势上基本相似。     

基于时域的桶型基础海洋平台结构-土壤相互作用分析

桶型基础是一种新型的海洋基础结构型式。在负压作用下的下沉过程中,其结构与地基产生了相互作用。本文从土壤的固结理论出发,应用有限元分析方法,考虑了渗流的影响,对桶型基础结构与土壤的相互作用进行时域分析。应用时域分析的计算结果与模型试验结果进行了比较,获得了比较好的结果。     

钢质悬链线立管与海床土体相互作用的数值模拟

对海洋钢悬链线立管(SCR)与土体的相互作用研究越来越得到业界的重视,不同计算方法得到的结果准确性如何尚未做过对比分析.文章采用有限元法和有限差分法对管—土的相互作用进行了数值计算.在有限差分法中采用弹簧单元,在有限元法中采用接触单元模拟悬链线立管与海床土体的相互作用,得到端部施加不同位移载荷下的立管弯矩、土体反力、触底点位置并与实验结果作比较.分析了端部位移载荷大小对触地点(TDP)位置及对土体反力的影响.文中采用的方法在模拟静态端部位移加载下的管—土相互作用与实验结果吻合较好.为进一步模拟循环载荷下管—土相互作用奠定了基础.     

土与结构物半模直剪试验的颗粒流数值模拟*

使用自主改造的半模直剪仪进行土与钢板、石板的半模直剪试验,竖向荷载分级施加,分别为50kPa,100kPa,150 kPa,200 kPa。应用颗粒流离散元程序——PFC2D对土与结构物在不同法向应力条件下相互作用的半模直剪试验进行数值模拟,研究土与结构物相互作用时接触面土体变形及剪应力的变化情况。分析得出土与结构物相互作用时,土体会呈现出硬化现象。随着法向应力的增加,土的剪应力会升高。在土与结构物的接触面上,形成了一定厚度的剪切带,说明土与结构物的相互作用并不只局限于接触面,而对接触面以上一定厚度内的土体也有影响,但影响范围不大,约为5倍的粒径。土与结构物相互作用时,结构物的性质对土体剪应力的变化影响不大。     

鱼山围垦对鱼山大桥桩基影响的三维有限元分析

为了研究陆域回填对近岸段桩基的影响,结合鱼山大桥工程,分析鱼山围垦对鱼山大桥桩基的影响,利用ABAQUS软件采用三维固结有限元法进行固液耦合分析,考虑土体渗流以及地基和桥墩桩基础与土之间的相互作用。就堤后回填加载过程对鱼山大桥工程、地基和桥梁桩基的影响进行模拟研究,得出软基海堤与桥梁的相互作用情况下陆域回填对鱼山大桥的影响。结果表明,陆域回填会增加鱼山大桥的沉降和位移。     

旁靠系泊油船水动力相互作用分析

为了研究多浮体水动力相互作用下的波浪载荷和船体响应,针对旁靠系泊的穿梭油船与FPSO进行模拟计算。其中二阶波浪力采用近场方法求解。计算分析发现,由于屏蔽效应的影响,穿梭油船上的波浪绕射力受水动力相互作用的影响较大,平均二阶波浪漂移力在波频的高频段受水动力相互作用影响显著,在低频段几乎不受影响,而附加质量和辐射阻尼以及船体响应的RAO受影响则较小。另外,随着穿梭油船与FPSO相对距离的小范围变化,水动力相互作用的影响并没有太大的差别。     

不同作用力下高桩码头叉桩受力分析

高桩码头结构的复杂性、桩体与土相互作用的非线性以及外力的多样性,使得桩体受力相当复杂。文章探讨了桩土相互作用的数值模拟方法,采用ANSYS有限元软件,建立了高桩码头桩体与土相互作用的数值计算模型,并结合正交化试验,进行了不同荷载下码头结构受力的仿真计算,并通过数理统计分析,得到了叉桩桩顶受力随荷载改变的变化规律以及叉桩桩顶受力的极限情况,为分析高桩码头叉桩破损原因提供了参考依据。     

浅水中会遇船舶水动力相互作用数值研究

浅水中邻近两船作相对运动产生的非定常水动力相互作用对于船舶的操纵性有重要影响.文章采用动网格技术,通过求解非定常RANS方程,选取RNG k-ε湍流模型,对两船在浅水中会遇的三维非定常粘性流场进行了数值模拟,计算了其水动力相互作用;通过将计算结果与试验数据进行对比,验证了文中方法的有效性.在此基础上,分析了船舶在整个会遇过程中的受力特性,指出了会遇过程中船舶容易失控和发生碰撞的阶段,并通过分别对不同的船间横向间距、水深、船速和船长情况下的船-船水动力相互作用进行计算和结果分析,得出了以上四种因素对船间水动力相互作用的影响规律.     

地下水作用下的边坡稳定性效应分析

导致边坡产生变形失稳的因素有很多,其中地下水作用是最为关键的影响因素。为此,文中首先对地下水与岩土体之间的相互作用的两个方面进行了分析,在此基础,运用GEO-SLOPE对一算例边坡进行了极限平衡分析。     

非线性光纤中时间光孤子对相互作用等效粒子理论

视相互作用为扰动,应用等效粒子观近似处理了非线性光纤中传播的不等幅双孤子之间的相互作用,给出了孤子运动的牛顿方程,分析了相互作用减弱的起因.结果表明,不等幅孤子对的相互作用近似为依赖于传输距离的局域相互作用因子和与传输距离无关的非局域相互作用因子之积,局域因子在孤子对传输过程中使孤子相互作用在吸引和排斥之间交替变化,其在大尺度上的平均导致了不等幅孤子相互作用的显著削弱.     

丁坝群坝田与主流水沙交换与冲淤机理综述

丁坝群不同平面布置方案下坝田与主流间的泥沙交换和地形变化是长江口深水航道回淤机理及减淤措施研究的重要内容,但以往研究不多。坝田与主流的泥沙交换及地形变化与紊流结构及时均流场有关,即与坝田-主流主界面混合层的大尺度相干结构和坝田内时均大尺度环流有关。在出水丁坝和淹没丁坝情况下坝田与主流的质量交换系数变化不大,约为0. 02左右。坝田不存在悬沙的平衡剖面(Rouse分布),悬沙和底沙均存在指向坝田的净输沙。坝田淤积达到准平衡状态需要5～6 a,但基本上在前2 a就达到了平衡。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

Evolving the subspace of the three-dimensional multiscale ocean variability: Massachusetts Bay

A data and dynamics driven approach to estimate, decompose, organize and analyze the evolving three-dimensional variability of ocean fields is outlined. Variability refers here to the statistics of the differences between ocean states and a reference state. In general, these statistics evolve in time and space. For a first endeavor, the variability subspace defined by the dominant eigendecomposition of a normalized form of the variability covariance is evolved. A multiscale methodology for its initialization and forecast is outlined. It combines data and primitive equation dynamics within a Monte-Carlo approach.The methodology is applied to part of a multidisciplinary experiment that occurred in Massachusetts Bay in late summer and early fall of 1998. For a 4-day time period, the three-dimensional and multivariate properties of the variability standard deviations and dominant eigenvectors are studied. Two variability patterns are discussed in detail. One relates to a displacement of the Gulf of Maine coastal current offshore from Cape Ann, with the creation of adjacent mesoscale recirculation cells. The other relates to a Bay-wide coastal upwelling mode from Barnstable Harbor to Gloucester in response to strong southerly winds. Snapshots and tendencies of physical fields and trajectories of simulated Lagrangian drifters are employed to diagnose and illustrate the use of the dominant variability covariance. The variability subspace is shown to guide the dynamical analysis of the physical fields. For the stratified conditions, it is found that strong wind events can alter the structures of the buoyancy flow and that circulation features are more variable than previously described, on multiple scales. In several locations, the factors estimated to be important include some or all of the atmospheric and surface pressure forcings, and associated Ekman transports and downwelling/upwelling processes, the Coriolis force, the pressure force, inertia and mixing.     

Analytical and experimental study of free vibration of beams carrying multiple masses and springs

The structures in engineering can be simplified intoelastic beams with concentrated masses and elastic spring supports.Studying the law of vibration of the beams can be a help in guidingits design and avoiding resonance. Based on the Laplace transformmethod, the mode shape functions and the frequency equations ofthe beams in the typical boundary conditions are derived. Acantilever beam with a lumped mass and a spring is selected toobtain its natural frequencies and mode shape functions. Anexperiment was conducted in order to get the modal parameters ofthe beam based on the NExT-ERA method. By comparing theanalytical and experimental results, the effects of the locations ofthe mass and spring on the modal parameter are discussed. Thevariation of the natural frequencies was obtained with the changingstiffness coefficient and mass coefficient, respectively. The findingsprovide a reference for the vibration analysis methods and thelumped parameters layout design of elastic beams used inengineering.     

钢-混凝土箱型组合斜拉桥主梁混凝土收缩徐变分析

组合梁斜拉桥兼有混凝土和钢结构的优点,但作为两种材料的结合体,混凝土收缩徐变会引起组合截面的应力重分配,可能促使混凝土裂缝的提前出现或加速裂缝的扩展,从而降低结构的受力性能和耐久性。采用有限元方法分析了混凝土收缩徐变对组合梁斜拉桥主梁应力重分布的影响,并对混凝土的加载龄期的影响进行了参数分析。计算结果表明：混凝土加载龄期越早,组合截面的应力重分布越明显;混凝土收缩徐变对混凝土桥面板的应力影响不大,但对钢梁应力影响较为显著,钢梁的应力增量达到钢材容许应力的30%左右。     

船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统

在船舶制造中,技术成熟度的评估意识薄弱且缺少信息化手段。通过确定评估指标、设定权重,建立船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统,由系统计算成熟度的得分和等级,从总体设计、建造工艺、船厂建造资源能力、船舶研制定型后等方面进行评估。该系统可减少返工带来的时间成本、人力成本,提高船舶制造技术成熟度评估的科学性、准确性、可靠性、灵活性及效率。     

Formation of Denmark Strait overflow water and its hydro-chemical composition

The dense overflow across the Denmark Strait is investigated with hydrographic and hydro-chemical data and the water mass composition of the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) is determined by multivariate analysis. Hydrographical properties, the transient tracers CFC-11 and CFC-12, oxygen and nutrients are utilized for the water mass definitions. Distribution and characteristics of water masses north of Denmark Strait are described, the important water masses at the sill and the variability on weekly time-scales are discussed, and the entrainment and mixing of water into the overflow plume in the northern Irminger Basin is calculated. The analysis indicates that water masses both from the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean are important for the formation of DSOW. It is found that water masses transported with the East Greenland Current make up about 75% of the overflow at the sill. The overflow at, and shortly south of, the sill is inhomogeneous with a low-salinity component dominated by Polar Intermediate Water. The high-salinity component of the overflow is mainly of Arctic origin. The water mass composition, and the short-term variability for 7 repeats of sections close to the sill are described, and these illustrate that the overflow is in fact a composite of a number of water masses with different formation and transport histories. This indicate that the overflow is a robust feature, but that it responds to variations in the circulation or atmospheric forcing that influences the formation of intermediate and deep water masses within the Arctic Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. At a section about 400 km south of the sill the overflow is well mixed and modified by entrainment of, mainly, Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water and Labrador Sea Water, together constituting 30% of the overflow plume. The entrainment of Middle Irminger Water dominates shortly downstream of the sill, before the overflow plume reaches too deep but the entrainment seems to be intermittent in time.     

船用五螺杆泵低噪声工艺技术

本文通过对现有的某船用五螺杆泵的频谱特征和振动特性进行分析,找出主要振动噪声源,通过改进进口流道面积,并对现有的螺杆加工工艺进行研究和优化改进,改进后的设计通过样机的制造,并经过试验对比分析,进一步验证方法的可行性和预期减振效果。     

Alterations in nutrient limitations — Scenarios of a changing Baltic Sea

Previous trend studies have shown increasing nitrogen and phosphorus as well as decreasing silica concentrations in the water mass of the Baltic Sea. This has had an impact on the amount of primary production, but also on the quality and succession of plankton species. Present study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of potential nutrient limitations in the Baltic Sea for the time period 1970–2000. Generally, low concentrations of DSi can limit the diatom blooms and such conditions are found in the Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Finland during spring and summer. Nutrient ratios, DSi:DIN, DSi:DIP and DIN:DIP, are often used to determine which nutrient may limit the primary production. Annual long-term temporal trends of silica to inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus respectively show consistent decreasing patterns. The largest slopes are detected during spring and summer for DSi:DIN and during spring for DSi:DIP ratios. For the DIN:DIP ratio significant slopes are only found in a few locations despite increasing levels for both nutrients, displaying a large variation in trends. In the open Baltic Proper the present trends are positive during winter and negative during spring and autumn. Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Riga are areas where both DSi:DIP and DSi:DIN ratios are found close to the Redfield ratios for diatoms. Together with the evaluated trends these suggest that the Gulfs may become silica limited in a relatively near future. These findings give some implications on the development and impact of changing nutrient concentrations.     

高桩码头-岸坡相互作用有限元数值模拟

高桩码头-岸坡体系的相互作用机理一直是困扰工程界的难题。基于某突堤的现场勘察资料和土体参数,建立了高桩码头与岸坡相互作用的二维平面应变问题和三维空间问题的弹塑性有限元模型,采用与M ohr-Co lum n准则匹配的D rucker-P rager准则作为土的屈服准则,分析了桩基-岸坡体系的变形机理,同时,针对二维和三维情况各种工况组合进行了对比分析,并结合土体参数和现场测斜资料,分析了高桩码头-岸坡体系的变形规律,并指出了影响桩、梁和岸坡体系变形的主要因素,并建议了合理的治理方案。