共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 578 毫秒
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经过三十多年的改革实践,我国的企业家们越来越感到强化企业内部控制与管理的重要性,同时也在积极探索如何才能加强内部控制与管理。内部控制的理念逐渐被企业界所关注,这一工作虽已取得成效,但是在企业不断革新、不断迎接市场挑战的形势下,我国企业的内部控制工作仍处于起步阶段,而发达国家已经研究和总结出了一套比较完整的理论和方法——三大目标和五大组成部分:从"控制环境、风险评估、控制活动、信息与交流和监督评审"等五方面开展工作,为实现各项"操作性目标、信息性目标和遵从性目标"而自觉奋斗。本文对国外先进的内部控制理论和方法以及相关理论进行简要分析,希望对我国企业的内部控制机制的建立和完善有所助益。 相似文献
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汽车主动控制悬架系统的发展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
主动控制悬架有使汽车乘坐舒适性和操纵安全性得到改善,本简要地介绍了国外汽车主动控制悬架系统的发展及现状;给出了流量控制型和压力控制型两种控制方式的简图;阐述压力控制型主动悬架系统的基本工作原理,以及天棚阻尼器控制、最优控制、预见控制等方法。 相似文献
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介绍车辆横向稳定性控制研究的发展历程,分析各种控制方法和理论在横向稳定性方面的应用,以及各自的特点及局限性,并提出了预测控制发展前景。 相似文献
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作为汽车纵向控制实现的一个重要方面 ,制动控制系统存在严重的非线性和不确定性 ,本文简要论述了汽车纵向制动系统控制的原理和目前国内外常采用的控制方法及它们的优缺点。最后就关于制动控制采用模糊控制方法如何实现作了理论的叙述。 相似文献
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针对现有城市快速路入口匝道控制方法中驶入匝道的车辆需停车后才能汇入主线的典型问题,提出了对城市快速路入口匝道进行速度控制的方法。以速度为控制参量,在传统的需求-容量控制的基础上,提出了匝道汇入速度控制方法,使匝道上的车辆能够不停车地汇入主线;根据快速路主线上下游的通行能力以及运行特征,得到匝道汇入率,再由交通流基本流密速关系,确定匝道上车辆的控制速度。以上海市典型匝道———内环内侧武宁路上匝道为例,借助Vissim仿真软件,建立微观仿真模型,对该入口匝道进行速度控制的仿真评价。结果表明,与定时控制和无控制相比,对入口匝道进行速度控制可以减少路网平均延误和匝道平均延误,提高主线下游平均车速;减少匝道车辆平均停车次数。该类方法特别适合于上坡汇入高架快速路的匝道控制。 相似文献
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针对车辆在纵向运动和横摆运动时的强耦合关系给车辆动力学控制带来的困难,以四轮独立电驱动车辆作为研究对象,基于微分几何理论设计了车辆系统运动解耦控制方法,将非线性强耦合的四轮驱动车辆动力学系统解耦为纵向和横向两个相对独立运动控制子系统,并设计了鲁棒控制器,以提高抵抗车辆行驶时不确定外力如侧风的干扰能力。基于 Trucksim 软件建立四轮驱动车辆模型,并针对车辆解耦控制策略和抗干扰策略进行了仿真测试。结果表明,相比于无解耦控制的车辆,采用微分几何解耦控制的四轮独立驱动车辆纵向速度偏差降低了 82.1%,横摆角速度偏差降低了80.7%,且微风干扰下的抗干扰能力明显改善,车辆稳定性显著提升。为验证该运动解耦控制策略在实时系统中的控制效果,还进行了硬件在环试验,结果表明,硬件在环试验的结果与仿真结果一致。 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(6):943-963
A vehicle following control law, based on the model predictive control method, to perform transition manoeuvres (TMs) for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicle is presented in this paper. The TM controller ultimately establishes a steady-state following distance behind a preceding vehicle to avoid collision, keeping account of acceleration limits, safe distance, and state constraints. The vehicle dynamics model is for continuous-time domain and captures the real dynamics of the sub-vehicle models for steady-state and transient operations. The ACC vehicle can execute the TM successfully and achieves a steady-state in the presence of complex dynamics within the constraint boundaries. 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(9):1438-1465
In this paper, a synthesis method for a reconfigurable fault-tolerant control system for use in a steer-by-wire vehicle is proposed. The vehicle considered in this paper is also assumed to have independently driven wheels. The control objective in this work is to enable the vehicle yaw rate to track the reference signal even when the steering actuator breaks down. Since the vehicle yaw rate can be controlled with either the front wheel turn angle or the yaw moment generated by the independently driven wheels, this system has actuator redundancy. We attempt to design a control system that manages this actuator redundancy so that the performance degradation due to the actuator failure is minimised. We utilise a control allocator based on on-line optimisation for managing the actuator redundancy. The fault-tolerant control system with a control allocator has several excellent properties. For example, the method can handle various failure situations. Also, since the control allocation problem is reduced to a convex quadratic programming problem, the on-line computational effort is relatively little. However, so far, it has been unclear whether the stability of the control system with the control allocator is guaranteed when the actuator failure occurs. Therefore, we propose a design method of a fault-tolerant controller based on on-line optimisation that guarantees the stability of the overall system. The effectiveness of the method is established through numerical examples. 相似文献
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本文中针对基于分层控制结构的车辆队列上、下层控制缺少联系的问题,提出了车辆队列跟驰与个体车辆动力学稳定性协调控制的思路,其基本思想是在保证队列中个体车辆安全稳定行驶的同时,尽可能实现队列跟驰控制的目标。基于非线性模型预测控制(nonlinear model predictive control,NMPC)方法设计了车辆队列协调控制方案,设计了包括跟驰间距误差、跟驰速度误差以及车速与车轮圆周速度差3个子目标的优化目标函数,将队列跟驰与车辆动力学稳定性的协调控制转化为约束优化控制问题;基于序列二次规划(sequential quadratic programming,SQP)方法进行求解,得到车辆前、后轴的制动/驱动力矩来实现上层决策输出的期望跟驰加速度。基于由3车辆组成的非线性队列模型对控制方案进行了仿真分析,结果表明,所提出的基于NMPC的车辆队列协调控制策略可以在大范围操纵工况下,在保证车辆安全稳定行驶的基础上实现队列的跟驰控制。 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(10):1233-1253
Previously, a new control concept called ‘G-vectoring control (GVC)’ to improve vehicle agility and stability was developed. GVC is an automatic longitudinal acceleration control method that responds to vehicle lateral jerk caused by the driver's steering manoeuvres. In this paper, a new yaw-moment control method, which generates a stabilising moment during the GVC command and has positive acceleration value and the driver's accelerator pedal input is zero, was proposed. A new hybrid control, which comprises GVC, electric stability control and this new control, was constructed, and it was installed in a test vehicle and tested on a snowy surface. The very high potential for improvement in both agility and stability was confirmed. 相似文献
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W. G. Ata A. M. Salem 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2017,55(5):626-647
In past years, the application of magnetorheological (MR) and electrorheological dampers in vehicle suspension has been widely studied, mainly for the purpose of vibration control. This paper presents theoretical study to identify an appropriate semi-active control method for MR-tracked vehicle suspension. Three representative control algorithms are simulated including the skyhook, hybrid and fuzzy-hybrid controllers. A seven degrees-of-freedom tracked vehicle suspension model incorporating MR dampers has been adopted for comparison between the performance of the three controllers. The model differential equations are derived based on Newton's second law of motion and the proposed control methods are developed. The performance of each control method under bump and sinusoidal road profiles for different vehicle speeds is simulated and compared with the performance of the conventional suspension system in time and frequency domains. The results show that the performance of tracked vehicle suspension with MR dampers is substantially improved. Moreover, the fuzzy-hybrid controller offers an excellent integrated performance in reducing the body accelerations as well as wheel bounce responses compared with the classical skyhook and hybrid controllers. 相似文献