基于结构方程模型电动自行车不安全行为分析

为减少电动自行车不安全骑行行为引起的交通安全问题,探究其背后的影响因素.本文在计划行为理论(TPB)原模型的基础上增加外在感知变量,设计电动自行车骑行人不安全行为问卷,构建电动自行车不安全骑行行为结构方程模型.根据问卷调查结果,用SPSS软件对骑行人个人属性进行分析,通过AMOS软件建模分析,最终得到电动车骑行不安全行为结构方程路径图.结果表明:不安全性态度、主观规范、外在感知和知觉行为控制与行为意向显著相关,其中外在感知与知觉行为控制最为显著,能直接对行为产生影响,为交通管理部门矫正电动自行车不安全行为提供了理论支撑,从而提高交通安全水平.     

运用新技术落实企业安全生产主体责任—对驾驶员不安全行为控制技术的探讨

大量的不安全驾驶行为是造成道路交通安全事故的重要原因，加强道路运输企业驾驶员不安全行为的控制技术的运用和研究，能有效减少和杜绝不安全行为，从而减少交通安全事故的发生。本文在分析驾驶员不安全行为的基础上，从驾驶员不安全行为的控制技术运用角度入手，分别就提高驾驶员安全意识、技能和加强外部监督管理两个方面的控制技术进行了初步的探讨，对进一步落实企业安全生产主体责任具有一定的现实意义。     

浅析建设工程施工单位安全行为监督管理

本文旨在对建设工程施工单位安全行为监督管理进行浅析,重点关注其存在的难点、问题以及改进策略。首先,对建设工程施工单位安全行为管理的难点进行分析,包括复杂施工环境、多元利益关系和人员素质等因素。随后,指出当前建设工程施工单位安全行为监督管理中存在的问题,即人员意识不足、监督手段不健全和自我监督机制不完善等。为了解决这些问题,提出了三项改进策略,即加强安全培训和教育、完善监督机构和监督手段、建立健全的自我监督机制。通过案例分析和经验总结,进一步验证了这些策略的有效性。最后,总结并评价了建设工程施工单位安全行为监督管理的成效,并提出了研究的局限性和未来发展方向。     

行人警戒行为影响因素

提出必须高度关注行人伤亡问题，基于文献研究，分析了行人安全警戒行为的影响因素，包括年龄、性别、同伴、手机、耳机和交通环境等因素。总结了警戒行为的特征：不同年龄段中，老年人的安全警戒行为较多；女性易出现从众行为，在行路过程中相对较易发生交通事故；同伴数量增加行人会更加谨慎；路上使用手机导致分心，减少了行人的安全警戒。基于上述分析，提出了提高行人警觉性并减少行人交通伤亡的建议。     

基于计划行为理论的电动车送货人员不安全行为意向分析

电动自行车送货人群是电子商务和物流业快速发展在交通中的新产物,不仅顺应了绿色出行的要求,也很好地解决了物流配送的"最后一公里"问题。由于送货人员出行频率高、骑行速度快、送货时间紧迫,违章行为极为普遍。本文通过设计调查问卷,收集送货人员个人属性、骑行特性、风险感知、骑行偏好、闯红灯和分心行为意向的数据。基于计划行为理论,从心理行为角度,构建送货人员不安全行为意向的多层回归模型,揭示其不安全行为的产生作用机理,并提出针对性的安全提升策略。     

民航旅客乘机安全行为意识研究

为研究民航旅客乘机安全行为意识与民航不安全事件的关系,提高我国民航安全运营水平,文章从背景变量、安全认知、安全意志、安全情感对国内民航旅客的安全意识现状进行了量化研究。以国内民航旅客为对象进行问卷调查,采用描述性统计分析、单因素方差分析和相关分析的方法分析数据。结果表明,目前我国民航旅客乘机安全行为意识总体呈一般水平,安全认知水平明显落后于安全情感和安全意志水平,旅客年龄、职业、受教育程度、乘机次数与其安全意识呈显著相关关系。     

安全氛围对机务维修人员安全行为的影响机理研究

为弄清民航机务维修单位的安全氛围对维修人员安全行为的影响路径，基于理论分析提出研究假设，对264份我国某航空公司维修人员的问卷调查数据进行信度和效度分析，利用结构方程模型构建民航机务维修安全氛围对维修人员安全行为的影响模型。结果表明：维修单位安全氛围的安全政策与程序、安全监督、安全教育与培训、安全计划和目标、作业环境五个维度以安全能力和安全意识为中介影响机务维修人员的安全行为。     

高速公路车辆偷逃通行费的特征及其对策

文章介绍了高速公路车辆偷逃通行费常见形式的特征及相应对策,阐述了打击车辆偷逃通行费行为面临的困难,并提出了应对车辆偷逃通行费行为的建议和设想,为构建安全、畅通、和谐的交通提供参考。     

我国首部道路危货运输安全指引手册诞生

2006年3月21日,由广东省交通厅、盛世报堂传播机构(TRANSPORTMEDIA)、<运输经理世界>杂志社联合编制的<广东省道路危险货物运输安全指引>诞生. 该手册是我国首部关于道路危货运输安全的指引手册,针对运输行业整体文化水平的特点,简明扼要地针对道路危险货物的承运、托运、驾驶、装卸、押运等过程的安全生产进行了知识和行为指引,以确保具体安全运输行为有文可循、有章可查、有法可依.     

基于Fuzzy-ANP的民航安全信息管理员胜任力模型

构建民航安全信息管理员胜任力模型,对于民航单位安全信息管理员的选拨及评价具有重要意义。采用行为事件法收集胜任特征指标行为表述,并利用工作分析法对其进行验证,邀请专家小组共同对胜任指标进行归类,得到胜任力模型;利用Fuzzy-ANP确定了胜任特征指标的权重,得出了民航单位安全信息管理员胜任力的关键指标。研究表明:民航单位安全信息管理员胜任力模型由业务能力、基本知识、管理能力、职业精神4个维度组成,其中工作经验、信息搜集能力、协调能力、沟通能力、信息整理能力是其关键胜任指标。     

航空公司安全管理绩效动态提升机制

为解决航空公司安全管理决策短期化、滞后化问题,有效提升其安全管理水平,在民航安全管理理论系统分析的基础上,深入挖掘安全管理绩效要素及其影响路径,构建了航空公司安全管理绩效系统动力学模型。通过专家访谈法确定了各要素指标间的影响关系及其权重,并运用VENSIM软件对模型进行了仿真,结果表明:当航空公司安全管理绩效达到某种程度后,其提升速率呈减缓趋势,需及时调整安全投入策略;此时安全政策和目标、安全监督检查、安全保障资源和安全沟通可作为未来提升安全管理绩效的最佳干预策略组合,为航空公司的安全管理决策提供科学依据。     

A comparative study of aviation safety briefing media: card,video, and video with interactive controls

Passengers’ safety knowledge is a key factor in determining the chance of surviving any life- or injury-threatening situation that could occur in civil aviation. Aviation regulations require airlines to provide safety briefings to inform passengers of safety procedures on board. The safety briefing card and the safety briefing video are the two media that airlines routinely employ on board to this purpose. Unfortunately, research on aviation safety briefing media has cast serious doubts about their efficacy, urging researchers to better understand what makes safety briefing media effective as well as improving their effectiveness. This paper contributes to such goals in two different ways. First, it proposes the introduction of interactive technology into aviation safety briefings for improving their effectiveness. Second, it illustrates a controlled study that compares the effectiveness of three safety briefing media: the two briefing media that airlines currently employ on-board (safety briefing card and safety briefing video) and a safety briefing video extended with basic interactive controls. The results obtained by the study highlight a superior effectiveness of the two video media over the card media for aviation safety briefings. Moreover, the video with interactive controls produced improvements over the card in a larger number of effectiveness measures than the traditional video. The paper includes a discussion of factors that can explain the better results obtained with the video conditions, and in particular the video with interactive controls, and of possible additional extensions to increase the interactivity of aviation safety briefings.     

A systemic modelling of ground handling services using the functional resonance analysis method

In contrast to air transport safety, safety in ground handling is not concerned only with aircraft accidents but also the Occupational Health and Safety of the employees who work at airport aprons. Ground handling safety costs the aviation industry tens of billions USD every year which raises the questions about the effectiveness of linear safety risk management of Ground Handling Services (GHS). This paper uses the state-of-the-art safety theory to justify and highlight the need for a systemic approach to safety risk management of GHS on the apron. A hybrid Total Apron Safety Management (TASM) framework, based on the combination of Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM), Grounded Theory, Template Analysis and Goals-Means Task Analysis (GMTA) was developed to support systemic safety modelling of GHS. The data that underpins the TASM framework includes extensive literature review, 15 observations, 43 interviews and expert judgement across five international airports. While the TASM framework can be applied in retrospective, prospective and system design analysis to improve both the safety management and the efficiency of apron operations, this paper showcases only one of its application on a case study of a historical safety occurrence. The results of the investigation carried out in this paper clearly demonstrate the benefits of the systemic as opposed to the existing linear approaches to retrospective safety analyses and the suitability of the TASM framework for occurrence analysis and prevention.     

Effect of Seismic Parameters on the Safety Factor for an Underground Cavern北大核心CSCD

In order to quantitatively evaluate the safety of the surrounding rock of an underground cavern under seis-mic load, a comprehensive evaluation method for the stability of surrounding rock is proposed based on the general safety factor and point safety factor. A calculation method for the general safety factor of a cavern based on the prin-ciple of shear strength reduction of a rock mass is given, the run-through of the plastic zone between the main power-house and main transformer room is presented as a critical criterion for the overall instability of the cavern, and the general safety factor is obtained by searching for the reduction coefficient. A point safety factor calculation method based on the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is given. The influence of different seismic input parameters on the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions are studied based on an underground power-house cavern of a hydropower station in Southwest China. The results show that the quantitative evaluation method for the stability of the surrounding rock based on the safety factor is feasible and can reflect the general safety de-gree and local safety degree of different positions of the cavern for different working conditions. It is found that the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions decrease with an increase of the ampli-tude and duration of a seismic wave while they increase with an increase of the incident angle; additionally, the low frequency of a seismic wave has a great influence on the cavern while the high frequency has little effect. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

非灯控交叉口交通安全状况评价

非灯控交叉口是交通流中的节点,对非灯控交叉口的交通安全状况进行评价具有导向性意义。文章针对交叉口管控存在的问题,提出了交通安全状况评价原则和主要方法,阐述了非灯控交叉口交通安全的影响因素,并通过对沈阳市刘家窑十字交叉口进行交通安全状况评价,提出了具体的交叉口交通安全改善措施,以提高非灯控交叉口的交通安全性。     

与交通安全有关的几个心理问题

文章从广义交通安全心理学的角度,提出了需要加强研究的与交通安全密切相关的几个心理学问题。强调要进一步明确交通安全心理研究的重点,强化安全宣传教育的心理作用,研究驾驶员的认知心理。     

公路隧道交通安全措施探索

保障公路隧道的交通安全不仅事关隧道内司乘人员的生命安全,对隧道本身的结构安全同样有很大的影响。从公路隧道的总体设计、交通工程设施、防火、隧道内装、洞口增减光设施、火灾的预防与救援、隧道的运营管理、宣传教育和交通法规等多方面对影响公路隧道交通安全的因素和相关措施进行了探讨,旨在为公路隧道交通安全措施的研究提供一些思路。     

Safety in the road environment: a driver behavioural response perspective

The existing literature on road safety suggests that a driver's perception of safety is an important influence on their driving behaviour. A challenging research question is how to measure the perception of safety given the complex interactions among drivers, vehicles and the road setting. In this paper, we investigate a sample of driver evaluations of the perception of safety associated with a set of typical road environments. A roundabout was selected as the context for the empirical study. Data was obtained by a computerised survey using the video-captured road and traffic situations. A controlled experiment elicited driver responses when faced with a mixture of attributes that describe the roundabout environment. An ordered probit model identified the contribution of each attribute to the overall determination of the perception of safety. An indicator of perceived safety was developed for a number of typical road and traffic situations and for different driver segments.     

A review of the road safety strategy in hong kong

Since the mid-1990s, the effectiveness of road safety measures in Hong Kong has been weakening. Six administrations in Australia, California, Great Britain (GB), Japan, New Zealand and Sweden are selected to help review the road safety activities in Hong Kong. Nine main components of the road safety strategy, including vision, objectives, targets, action plan, evaluation and monitoring, research and development, quantitative modeling, institutional framework and funding are summarized from the road safety strategies of these overseas administrations and compared to that of Hong Kong. It is found that Hong Kong's road safety activities have to be restructured to make significant improvement. In the future, a new approach structured by the nine different road safety components is recommended. The lessons learnt can be generalized to smooth the progress of other administrations at the Intermediate Stage towards the Advanced Stage of road safety development by using the short-, medium- and long-term approaches.     

道路运输企业安全管理探析

文章从影响道路运输行车安全的基本因素入手,结合典型交通事故,分析了道路运输企业的安全管理现状及存在的问题,提出了针对性的安全管理措施。