国内船载B级(CSTDMA)AIS设备使用问题简析

国内船载B级AIS大多采用载波侦听时分多址(CSTDMA)技术,目前仍存在部分船载AIS静态信息未固化、发送非标准VDL消息、发送间隔超标、信号发送不稳定、船方不规范使用等问题,建议通过物理固化AIS静态信息、完善AIS产品检验标准、加强对船载AIS的日常监管、加大船员规范使用培训等方式提高此类AIS在船使用效能。     

融合电子海图的AIS综合模拟器的研究与开发

船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,简称AIS)是一种新型的船舶辅助导航设备,国际海事组织已通过AIS强制性安装议案。为加强远洋船员对AIS设备操作的培训,利用计算机网络开发了AIS综合模拟器。实现对AIS信号采集处理后与计算机局域网络的信息转换,并且将电子海图与AIS显示完全融合在一起。该模拟器的研究与开发,不仅减少了设备投入,节约经费开支,提高培训的效果,而且适应了航海技术对AIS的发展需求,使教学具有超前性和先进性。     

探讨小型船舶雾航事故多发的制度因素

本文通过大量的统计数据和典型案例,详细分析了我国小型船舶雾航事故多发的制度性因素,提出了修改船舶雷达配备标准、对丁类驾驶人员强制实施雷达观察与标绘和雷达模拟器培训、制定AIS使用强制性规定和开展AIS强制培训等建议。     

AIS对航行安全的"负面"影响

在AIS强制安装使用的过渡期间盲目使用AIS会带来不安全的因素。AIS传感器传输的船位和船首向信号的精度直接影响信息交换的质量。AIS与其他驾驶台信息设备性能标准不统一和缺乏连续性，使得其在其他信息显示器上叠加显示AIS信息面临着困难。多种驾驶台信息来源显示信息的不一致客观上加重了驾驶台信息过载的程度。船舶保安对AIS的要求和过渡期间不完善的AIS操作培训将对航行安全产生影响。     

全球船载自动识别系统（AIS）的安装及检验

文章参照国际海事组织(IMO)和中国海事局对全球船载自动识别系统(AIS)的相关要求,对AIS的功能、构成、工作原理、性能标准、安装要求、检验要点等方面进行了系统的介绍和分析.     

信息共享与服务系统的研究开发

近年来,随着IMO(International Mariti me Organization)对船舶配备AIS(Automatic Indentification System)设备强制性要求的实施,世界沿海国家AIS基站建设迅速发展,AIS的应用日益普及。利用AIS资源,建立广泛共享、实时服务的船舶助航信息服务新体系将有助于船舶的航行安全。研发AIS基站网络系统收发接口、AIS服务器及数据库、AIS信息WEBGIS(Web Geographic Information System)平台,实现以符合国际I HO-S57标准电子海图数据为基础,叠加实时的AIS信息,运行于互联网上的AIS信息WEBGIS平台。用户通过有线或无线的方式登陆互联网,在通用的网络浏览器上,可以方便、及时地浏览、查询和获取AIS及船舶助航信息。同时管理部门可用该平台通过AIS基站播发AIS安全信息及航标动态信息。     

应用于AIS VDL监测的AIS船台静态信息标准符合度监测系统设计

在AIS VDL(VHF数据链路)监测中,为了解决AIS信息符合性问题,提出了AIS船台静态信息标准符合度监测系统设计方案。该方案主要是基于AIS船台电文数据和船舶数据库信息,应用Spark、Hadoop大数据处理平台,对船舶的MMSI、船名、呼号、IMO号、类型、尺寸、转发指示符等的标准符合度进行实时监测,实现智能识别异常AIS船台,为海事监管部门提供精确可靠的船舶识别信息。     

军船自动识别系统研究

国际海事组织MSC73会议通过的船舶自动识别系统(AIS)在民船上强制性安装议案，也可作为军船使用的标准和依据。本文基于民用AIS技术研究，论述AIS在军船上的应用价值及对航海技术的影响，提出军用AIS研究的思路、方法和技术手段。     

船用AIS系统培训设想

本文从目前船舶AIS设备使用情况出发,分析了AIS设备使用的现状,提出了今后AIS培训的方式和内容.     

船舶自动识别系统AIS消息处理的研究

对船舶自动识别系统AIS(Automatic Identification System)消息类型及标准消息格式进行了简要介绍,提出了基于PC机环境下的信息处理模型,并在C Builder开发环境下用Winsock编程对AIS消息的传输进行了实现.这一信息处理模型可为AIS消息处理的研究提供一实验平台.     

航海模拟器的现状与展望

该文根据世界各海运国家现有航海模拟器的现状和它们教学培训中的实际使用情况，以及新修订的１９７８年国际海员培训、发证和值班标准公约中有关航海模拟器教学培训的要求，简要地介绍了航海模拟器的现状及其在教学培训中的应用，并就航海模拟器在日后的发展及其在教学培训中的新应用作了展望。同时还就如何改进和发展我国航海模拟器及相应的教学培训工作，使其适应国内外海运事业发展的需要提出了几点设想。     

Evaluating the knowledge of experts in the maritime regulatory field

Regulations are introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) into the maritime industry as the result of safety accidents and/or pollution incidents. When there is lack of historical data, then the IMO appoints experts in order to collect information regarding the costs and benefits generated to a stakeholder of the maritime industry once implementing a maritime regulation. Therefore, the role of experts in providing qualitative and quantitative information is crucial with respect to the quality of the maritime regulatory process within the IMO or other regulatory authorities. In this article, a methodology is proposed involving common criteria in determining the expertise of an individual in the maritime regulatory field. As essential part of the research methodology, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized to determine the expertise of an individual based on his/her own judgements. The regulatory authorities and other stakeholders of the maritime industry may use this method when selecting experts for decision-making. In this article, a simulation is carried showing the potentials of the AHP methodology in expertise evaluation followed by a case study.     

Safety culture in shipping

The emergence of a safety culture in shipping has been promoted, especially by the Secretary General of the International Maritime Organization. However, what is really meant by a safety culture? The adoption of the International Safety Management Code and of the amended International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, STCW 95, together with the introduction of Formal Safety Assessment in the IMO rule making process are considered as the major tools contributing to the emergence of such. This article examines the evolution of the concept of maritime safety concept during the last decades and discusses how the adoption of new international instruments has contributed to improve the maritime safety system. It provides possible definitions of maritime safety and safety culture and discusses how far the maritime safety system is from a culture of safety.     

IMO自愿审核机制下我国海事监管对策研究

国际海事组织（IM0）为了促进国际海上安全和海洋环境保护公约的有效实施,于2006年开始推行“IMO成员国自愿审核机制”。文中第一部分简要介绍了IMO自愿审核机制,分析了该机制的产生原因和运作过程;第二部分分析了该机制的实施可能给中国海事监管工作带来的影响;第三部分通过对自愿审核机制的认识,尝试性地提出我国海事主管机关应对自愿审核的对策性建议。     

A trial application of FSA methodology to the hatchway watertight integrity of bulk carriers

Formal safety assessment (FSA) is a formal, structured and systematic methodology, aimed at enhancing maritime safety, including protection of life, property and marine environment, by using risk and cost–benefit assessments. For the application of this methodology to the rule-making process, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) presented the Interim Guidelines, which describe procedures of FSA and inputs/outputs of each procedure in detail. This paper basically deals with an application of FSA methodology according to the IMO's Interim Guidelines to the hatchway watertight integrity of bulk carriers, which was carried out as a cooperative research between Korean Register of Shipping and Seoul National University. As results of this application study, 18 hazards are identified and 32 risk control measures are devised to reduce the associated risks. Potential risks, costs and benefits when some Risk Control Options are introduced are evaluated in monetary unit of US $. Finally, some discussions and recommendations based on experiences are also given for both future work and better application of this FSA methodology to the rule-making process.     

浅析海事系统应对IMO审核机制的对策

文中介绍了国际海事组织成员国自愿审核机制的基本要求和相关信息，根据审核标准（即《IMO强制性文件实施规则》）和审核程序的相关要求，结合中国海事管理实际，对中国海事系统应对IMO审核机制的总体安排和各直属海事局如何开展应对IMO审核的准备工作，提出对策建议。     

IMO自愿审核机制在航标领域的审核及对策研究

近年来,国际海事组织（IMO）为了促进国际海上安全和海洋环境保护公约的有效实施,于2006年开始推行“IMO成员国自愿审核机制”。文中第一部分分析了该机制的产生原因和运作过程;第二部分分析了该机制的实施可能给中国带来的影响;第三部分根据SOLAS公约和IALA建议提出了审核机制在航标管理方面的审核内容;在最后一部分通过对中国航标管理现状的分析,尝试性地提出了几个对策性建议。     

船载AIS设备信号异常原因分析及对策

近期,水上无线电管理秩序专项整治行动正在全国范围内开展,如何鉴别船舶自动识别系统(AIS)设备相关问题成了摆在海事现场执法人员面前的一道难题。文中通过典型案例介绍AIS工作原理和法规要求,逐一分析船载AIS设备信号异常的原因,为基层海事执法人员快速甄别AIS信号异常并打击船员恶意关闭AIS设备或修改其静态信息等违法行为提供建议。     

Living with ships in distress

In November 2003 the IMO Assembly adopted Guidelines on Places of Refuge for Ships in Need of Assistance following a two-year deliberation period. The Guidelines were adopted in the wake of the highly publicized ERIKA, CASTOR and PRESTIGE incidents and at the same time as the European Union adopted a regional policy on places of refuge. This paper discusses the problem of places of refuge for ships in distress and analyses the IMO Guidelines adopted as a response to the problem. The paper concludes that the Guidelines constitute a practical modus vivendi for a non-resolvable problem. However, many legal questions remain unanswered and it is likely that the IMO will continue to be seized of the legal aspects of the problem into the future.