漓江游船变更为柳江游船的可行性分析

漓江旅游客船变更为柳江旅游客船存在的技术问题是适用规范的不同,文章从船体结构、船舶稳性、船舶干舷、船舶设备等方面,分析了漓江旅游客船变更为柳江旅游客船的可行性。     

漓江旅游客船防抗雷雨大风的稳性分析

文章针对漓江旅游客船易受雷雨大风袭击的事故特点,分析了雷雨大风的形成原因,探讨了航向、风向、流向对航行安全的影响,建立了漓江旅游客船防抗雷雨大风的稳性衡准式,并提出了客船防抗雷雨大风的注意事项。     

公交车维修五“窍门”

汽车新技术的发展引发了后市场的变革。进入21世纪，由于大量使用微电脑技术，汽车具备了很多自动化功能，极大地提高了汽车的动力性、操纵性、舒适性及安全性。     

船舶消防设备检验研究

文章结合船舶消防的基本原则,阐述了船舶防火的主要措施,介绍了船舶探火和失火报警系统及应用,并提出了船舶消防设备的检验要点,为船舶消防设备检验提供方法依据。     

西江航道实行船舶定线制的可行性分析

船舶定线制是国际上通行的实行水上船舶交通管理的一种形式,它对于规范船舶的航路,避免船舶过多交叉航行,减少船舶交通安全事故具有重要意义。文章以西江实行船舶分边通航为例,对实行船舶定线进行了可行性分析,建议通过分流和分道来防止或减少船舶发生碰撞、搁浅、触礁等水上交通事故。     

船舶逆向物流系统构架与优化策略

在船舶实际营运过程中,由于各种因素的制约,船舶逆向物流系统在各个环节上还都存在很多问题。本文明确了逆向物流和船舶逆向物流的概念和内涵,分析了船舶逆向物流系统的构架,并针对船舶逆向物流的现状提出了促进其发展的几点策略。     

加强越南籍边贸船舶管理的对策

文章以江山白龙港的越南籍边贸船舶管理为例,分析了边贸船舶管理上存在的问题,总结了边贸船舶管理工作所取得的经验,提出了进一步加强和完善越南籍边贸船舶管理的思路及对策。     

绿色制造工艺在船舶结构中的设计及应用

造船业对于水源影响作用巨大,为了顺应社会环保的要求,船舶工程需要转变过去污染水源、浪费原材料、破坏大气等弊端,这就对船舶结构设计与船舶制造提出了较高的环保性要求,在船舶工程的设计与制造中需要充分融入绿色理念,要全面遵循环保要求,积极打造稳定性强、航速快、性能高的绿色船舶。文章首先立足于绿色船舶的概念与特点进行了分析,然后分别针对绿色船舶的结构设计和制造两个方面提出相应的实施途径,指出了在保障船舶的功能性、使用性能以及安全性能等基础的情况下,实施绿色船舶的设计与制造的重要意义。     

基于主观评价的汽车试验场地适应性研究

为了满足汽车性能主观评价的实车试验,必须对汽车试验场有所要求.通过对国内外汽车试验场进行比较,得出主观评价试验场地的独特需求有:动态试验广场、操纵性试验道路和转向圆广场.     

长江干线“零排放”政策下船舶防污染面临问题及对策研究

长江干线船舶往来频繁,常年运营船舶20万条左右,船舶在航行过程产生的污染物对水域环境产生潜在影响。为从源头上防治船舶污染,自2020年起,重庆地区率先实施船舶水污染物“船上储存、交岸处置”的“零排放”治理模式,取得了一定的成效,目前“零排放”治理模式已基本覆盖长江干线。本文梳理了长江干线船舶防污染法律法规、“零排放”实施背景和现状,提出“零排放”政策下船舶污染面临的问题并给出了对策建议,为下一步船舶防污染工作提供借鉴和思路。     

Ship emissions and their externalities in cruise ports

This paper presents an estimation and analysis of ship exhaust emissions and their externalities in the popular cruise destinations of Dubrovnik (Croatia) and Kotor (Montenegro) along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. To this extent, the recent record (2012–2014) of cruise ships calling at these ports is used to model and estimate the ship exhaust emission inventories and externalities within the associated bays and ports.The results indicate that cruise ship traffic produces continuously increasing air pollution in both ports over recent years. More importantly, however, the analysis of the ship operating characteristics reveals that for any given ship traffic involving specific vessels using marine fuel of a given quality, the presence of other factors (e.g. berth availability, berth accessibility etc) can also influence the ship emission levels. This is particularly evident in the case of the port of Kotor where berth space insufficiency dictates the need for ship anchorage thus leading to increased air pollution and costs of associated damage.The application and results of the aforementioned ship activity-based methodology to the ports of Dubrovnik and Kotor improves our understanding of ship emissions in cruise bays and ports, and contributes toward the implementation of port policies for the effective control of air quality in such environmentally sensitive locations.     

Evaluating the social cost of cruise ships air emissions in major ports of Greece

Detailed NO_x, SO₂ and PM_2.5 emissions have been estimated for cruise ships in the five busiest Greek ports (i.e. Piraeus, Santorini, Mykonos, Corfu and Katakolo) for year 2013. The emissions were analyzed in terms of gas species, seasonality and activity. The total in-port inventory of cruise shipping accounted to 2742.7 tons: with NO_x being dominant (1887.5 tons), followed by SO₂ and PM_2.5 (760.9 and 94.3 tons respectively). Emissions during hotelling corresponded to 88.5% of total and have significantly outweighed those produced during ships’ maneuvering activities (11.5% of total). Seasonality was found to play a major role, as summer emissions and associated impacts were significantly augmented. The anticipated health impacts of ship emissions can reach to €24.3 million or to €5.3 per passenger proving the necessity of control of the emissions produced by cruise ships in port cities or policy and measures towards a more efficient cruise industry.     

Health externalities of ship air pollution at port – Piraeus port case study

This paper is employing the well-known methodology of impact pathway approach to assess the external costs in human health from ship air pollution at port areas. The passenger port of Piraeus, Greece is the scenery of the study. Piraeus port is in the vicinity of the greater Athens metropolitan area where almost half of the country’s population lives. Hence, this port is the central hub of the Greek coastal passenger ship system which connects the islands of the Aegean Sea with land and is characterized by heavy ship traffic. The case study presented in this paper assesses the annual external cost in human health from air emissions produced by all passenger ships and cruise ships calling the port of Piraeus. Health cost from ships at port has been estimated at both local (Athens metropolitan area) and regional level (entire territory of Greece). Results show that higher costs occur at the local level. The dominant pollutants creating this cost are particulate matter (PM_2.5, and PM₁₀). Overall, the results indicate that the health impact of Piraeus’s passenger port emissions is not negligible; however the cost of PM₁₀ is considerably lower than the corresponded cost deriving from the land based industries of the Athens regional area for which comparison has been available.     

Port-city exhaust emission model: An application to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port

Exhaust emissions cause air pollution and climate change. The exhausts of shipboard fuel combustion are equally damaging particularly, so close to the environmentally sensitive mainland and island coasts, as well as at ports due to their urbanized character. This paper estimates, for the first time, exhaust pollutants related to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port and, in an island context. Emission assessment is based on a full bottom-up model and messages transmitted by the Automatic Identification System during 2011. Results are described as a breakdown of NOx, SOx, PM_2.5, CO and CO₂, according to ship classes, operative type and time, providing valuable information to environmental policy makers in port-city areas and islands under similar conditions. It is generally concluded that vessel traffic and passenger shipping in particular are a source of air pollution in Las Palmas Port. Emission maps confirm location of hot spots in quays assigned for cruise and ferry operations. Policy recommendations encourage regular monitoring of exhaust emissions and market-based incentives supported by details on polluting and operative profiles. On the other hand, feasibility studies are suggested for automated mooring, LNG bunkering facilities and also shore-side energy services, prioritizing berthing of shipping sectors (or sub-sectors) with the highest share of exhaust emissions once their local effects have been confirmed by a dispersion, exposure and impact assessment.     

船用厨房燃油灶节能改造探讨

在节能减排的背景之下,游轮产业也需要重视能源节约与环境保护。本文采用能流分析法针对船用厨房燃油灶改造为电磁灶的能流进行分析,结合某游轮厨房灶台系统及其配套通风系统的改造,对比分析两种系统能耗。表明船用厨房燃油灶改造为电磁灶具较大的节能和环保潜力。     

Connected cruise control among human-driven vehicles: Experiment-based parameter estimation and optimal control design

In this paper, we consider connected cruise control design in mixed traffic flow where most vehicles are human-driven. We first propose a sweeping least square method to estimate in real time feedback gains and driver reaction time of human-driven vehicles around the connected automated vehicle. Then we propose an optimal connected cruise controller based on the mean dynamics of human driving behavior. We test the performance of both the estimation algorithm and the connected cruise control algorithm using experimental data. We demonstrate that by combining the proposed estimation algorithm and the optimal controller, the connected automated vehicle has significantly improved performance compared to a human-driven vehicle.     

Cruise activity and pollution: The case of Barcelona

One of the main causes of mortality worldwide is air pollution. To tackle this problem, local, regional and national governments have implemented policies to reduce emissions from industrial and on-road sources. However, when these policies are being designed, shipping emissions are often overlooked. There has been a drastic increase in the demand for cruises and its economic relevance is also growing in port-cities. Barcelona is Europe’s leading cruise port, and it is located near the centre of the city. In this context, this paper analyses the impact of cruise ships in the air quality of the entire city of Barcelona using a dataset with information about pollutants and the number of cruises arriving to the port. We show that there is a direct impact between cruises staying at the port and city pollution. Additionally, the size and age of the cruise also affect air quality. The larger (or newer) the cruise is, the higher the emission generated. Moreover, our simulations show that the whole city is affected by these emissions.     

The effects of emission control area regulations on cruise shipping

To control SOx, NOx and particulate matter emission from ships, including cruise ships, emission control areas (ECAs) have been defined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), which influences cruise planning. This paper investigates a mixed integer programming model to reschedule voyage plans by optimizing speeds, sailing patterns and ports-of-call sequences, hence reducing fuel costs. A tabu search based solution method is developed to solve the model. Computational tests on real-world data of cruise lines are conducted in order to explore the effects of ECA regulations on cruise shipping. The results show that the proposed model can save fuel costs under ECA regulations, and the designed solution method is efficient.     

H∞控制在汽车电子稳定性程序中的应用

文章从理论上证明了电子稳定性程序控制ESP(electronic stability program)对汽车稳定性的明显作用。通过数字仿真分析表明,该控制方法能有效改善车辆转向时的侧偏角和横摆率的响应特性,更好地实现了驾驶员的驾驶意图。