舰船回转过程中内、外侧螺旋桨负荷变化规律的新现象

在许多教科书中,螺旋桨推进双桨船在回转过程中内、外螺旋桨负荷变化规律均有如下叙述:回转过程中内侧螺旋桨负荷远大于外侧螺旋桨负荷.这个结论也被某些实船试验结果所证实.但新近完成的某双桨船的回转试验的多个实测结果表明:外侧螺旋桨负荷远大于内侧螺旋桨负荷.在上世纪90年代国内有人已发现过这一新现象,但当时无人记录和分析以进行研究.本文报告和分析了这一新现象.文章首先简要回顾了以往教科书和某些实船试航回转过程中内、外桨负荷变化规律;然后介绍了某新船回转试验的实测结果,论述了实测结果的可信性.本文着重探讨了导致这一新现象的主要原因,如船体形状、船的运动、内外螺旋桨的运动、桨与船的相互作用和桨与桨的相互作用等.     

尺度效应对喷水推进系统进出口流场及推力影响分析

本文以喷水推进船为研究对象,采用数值计算方法计算不同缩尺比喷水推进系统的水动力性能。通过比较不同缩尺比喷水推进进出口的速度场和出口不均匀度,认为在缩尺比较大时,缩尺比对喷水推进进出口速度场影响较小。将模型尺度推力换算成实型推力时,引入无因次系数C,该系数会随着缩尺比的增加而不断增加。通过计算不同缩尺比喷水推进泵的C值,可以拟合出一条曲线,通过拟合出的曲线可以求出实泵的C值,最终可以将模型喷泵产生的推力通过相似换算得到实泵产生的推力。这对喷水推进装置的设计和喷水推进船的快速性预报具有重要的指导意义。     

混合推进船舶"船-泵+桨-机"匹配方法研究

为提高混合推进船舶推进系统的性能,分析了"船-泵+桨-机"的匹配方法.介绍了"船-桨-机"与"船-泵-机"的匹配方法、思路与步骤,着重研究"船-泵+桨-机"匹配中的泵、桨负载分配对推进性能的影响.以调距桨特性曲线与喷水推进推力曲线进行混合推进舰船的快速性计算,螺旋桨重载降低推进效率,喷水推进重载容易产生空化.为避免喷水推进泵产生空化,调距桨的螺距、转速可调范围变窄.     

喷水推进船避免喷泵气蚀的仿真研究

为了解决喷水推进船在各种工况下,喷泵工作在气蚀区的问题,利用Simulink与MFC(Microsoft Foundation Class)集成的方法开发出了可用于制定喷水推进装置在回转、加速等工况下,避免喷泵在空化区运行的工作制的仿真程序.利用开发出的仿真程序对特定工况下的最大柴油机转速、最大喷泵转角以及最短加速时间做了仿真计算.该计算结果对喷水推进艇避免喷泵气蚀的操作规程有一定的参考价值.     

VLCC风帆船航态及负荷变化对推进因子的影响研究

文章针对一条VLCC风帆助推船舶开展水池快速性模型试验研究,通过开展直航、系列变漂角、系列变舵角等工况的模型阻力和变负荷自航试验,研究船舶在风帆助航工况下由于航行姿态和螺旋桨负荷变化引起推进效率的变化规律.基于系列变漂角、变舵角的试验分析结果,开展了船舶自航因子的统计回归分析,据此可开展VLCC风帆助推船在特定航行工况的节能收益评估.论文研究表明:该VLCC船舶航态及航行负荷变化对船后推进因子和推进效率影响有其规律性;本文开展的试验研究和分析方法可对此类风帆助推船舶的节能收益进行定量评估.     

实尺度喷水推进船拖泵工况数值模拟与分析

对于四泵推进的喷水推进船,在巡航工况时中间加速泵通常处于锁轴状态,其拖曳阻力的大小对喷水推进器的选型以及船泵机的最优匹配有着重要影响。然而,拖泵阻力很难通过船模试验的方法获得。为此,该研究在验证均匀和非均匀条件喷水推进器数值模型的准确性基础上,采用数值试验的方法对18节航速下某双泵推进喷水推进船的实尺度"船体+两台喷水推进器"系统带自由液面的流场进行了数值模拟,计算此时喷泵拖曳阻力及其所占船体阻力的百分比。以此喷泵拖曳阻力作为参考,对尺寸与上述喷水推进泵相近的某四泵推进喷水推进船的喷泵进行了选型和设计,并对该船在18节航速下加速泵拖曳阻力的大小进行了计算,进一步验证选型时拖曳阻力取值的合理性。为消除尺度效应的影响采用实尺度模型对"船体+四台喷水推进器"系统带自由液面的非定常流场进行计算,并探索了大尺度条件下船泵系统考虑自由液面和重力影响的非定常计算方法。     

船舶喷水推进系统数学建模及仿真研究

在船舶喷水推进系统中,喷水推进装置控制系统参数设定正确与否将直接影响喷水推进泵的工作安全性.文章依据喷水推进系统的工作原理建立了适用于系统动态工况仿真的船舶喷水推进系统数学模型;从避免喷水推进泵在工作过程中进入使用限制区域的角度出发,重点对推进系统中主机与喷水推进泵的工作匹配关系进行了分析,并通过仿真研究对喷水推进系统某些关键控制参数的正确设定方法进行了具体分析.     

ITTC规程下喷水推进三体船自航试验研究进展

2005年ITTC组织第24届大会上确认了高速船喷水推进性能预报试验规程,在此规程下国外学者对喷水推进船自航试验进行了大量研究,试验研究条件基本成熟;国内高校和研究所对独立泵试验研究有一定成果,但及时开展船体-推进泵联合系统自航实验研究迫在眉睫,针对喷水推进三体船的自航试验研究意义重大。     

基于CFD的喷水推进泵导叶三维反设计研究

导叶整流效果不佳是某喷水推进船未达到设计航速的一个重要原因.介绍基于三维理论的喷水推进泵导叶设计方法,叶片形状通过给定轴面轮廓和环量分布规律后经迭代计算得出.基于计算流体力学工具建立描述喷水推进泵内流场的数值模型,采用六面体网格划分计算域,选用SST湍流模型封闭雷诺时均方程.通过周向动能与轴向动能的比值来评估导叶的整流效果,分析喷口直径和导叶轴面形状对喷水推进泵性能的影响规律.结果表明:三维反设计方法和CFD可在喷水推进泵导叶设计中发挥重要作用,导叶经优化设计后可使喷水推进泵推力提高约5%.     

自航条件下船泵耦合的喷水推进特性数值分析

为了研究喷水推进船航速及运动姿态对推进特性的影响,采用CFD方法,对不同航速和姿态下的一艘喷水推进三体船进行自航计算.研究发现,在不考虑姿态的变化时,随着喷水推进装置转速的提高,航速提高,喷水推进装置导叶通道内贴近吸力面一侧流动分离减轻,推进性能提高.当航速和转速不变,仅改变运动姿态时,随着艏倾的增大,喷水推进装置入口...     

船舶回转过程内、外桨负荷的仿真分析

船舶在回转过程中,一般内桨的负荷要大于外桨的负荷.但在某新研制船舶的回转试验中,观察到外桨负荷高于内桨负荷这一看似有悖常理的现象.为了解释这个现象,利用船舶推进系统的数学模型和三自由度平面运动数学模型(MMG模型),分别对定距桨和调距桨推进船舶的典型回转工况进行了仿真分析.研究结果表明:在负荷控制功能起作用的情况下,船舶回转时通过减小柴油机设定转速或减小调距桨的螺距,内桨的负荷比外桨小是完全可能的.在相同回转工况下,负荷限制线的设置和负荷控制规律对船舶内、外桨的负荷有很大的影响.控制系统的负荷控制功能是改变船舶回转工况内、外桨负荷的一个重要因素.     

A simplified method to predict grounding damage of double bottom tankers

This paper presents a set of analytical expressions for the calculation of damage opening sizes in tanker groundings. The simplified formulas were given for the grounding force, longitudinal structural damage and the opening width in the inner and outer plating of a tanker's double bottom. The simplified formulas derived are based on a set of numerical simulations conducted with tankers of different dimensions- 120, 190 and 260 m in length. The simulations were performed for five penetration depths and for several rock/ground topologies.The formula for the horizontal grounding force was derived provided the grounding force is proportional to the contact area and the contact pressure. By use of regression analysis it was shown that the contact pressure for any combination of ship and rock size can be expressed with a single normalized polynomial. The actual contact pressure was found by scaling the normalized pressure with the structural resistance coefficient. Given the formulation for the normalized contact pressure, the actual contact force for a ship can be found as a product of average contact pressure and the contact area.The longitudinal length of the damage was evaluated based on the average contact force and the kinetic energy of the ship. The damage opening widths in the outer and inner bottom of the ship were derived separately for two ranges of relative rock sizes as they have strong influence on the deformation mode. The damage widths were given as a function of rock size, penetration depth and double bottom height. To improve the prediction of the onset of the inner bottom failure, a critical relative penetration depth as a function of the ratio of the rock size and the ship breadth was established.Comparison to the numerical simulations showed that the derived simplified approach describes the horizontal grounding force and the damage length well for the penetration depths above 0.5 m. For the range of specified relative rock sizes, the damage width in the inner and outer bottom deviates from numerical simulations approximately up to 25%, which was considered sufficient for the analyses where rapid damage assessment is needed. Comparison was also made to real accidental damage data and to the results of several simplified formulas.     

拖船回转机动状态下的拖缆暂态分析

拖船直拖到稳态定长回转过程中的拖缆暂态已有研究。对于大半径的拖船回转,Chapman大半径定长回转解法[1],假定拖体轨迹与拖体深度是单调指数关系。对于小半径的拖船回转,拖体的轨迹开始随着拖体深度的波动是一种螺旋线形状,最终趋于Chapman稳态回转值。本文通过定义了一个拖体深度与深度是单调与波动关系,提出了另一种确定Chapman理论大半径与小半径过渡值的方法。在考虑流的影响下的稳态定长回转时,没有求解稳态回转的方法。然而,拖体振幅是拖船回转半径和拖船速度的函数。依据稳态船体回转机动暂态分析来讨论单独360?和单独180?U型回转的动态特性,并得出一些有用的结论。对于某些回转半径而言,拖体所达到的深度比稳态回转所达到的深度大得多。对于180?回转半径小于拖缆长度的回转,拖体深度达不到稳态回转的深度。     

船舶能量流通分析及综合利用技术研究

针对船舶航行时能量浪费等问题,以柴油动力船舶为研究对象,分析船舶的能量流通情况,得出全船能量流通的初步特性,并以此为基础对船舶的能量综合利用技术开展初步研究.首先,考虑到柴油动力船舶动力由正常航行时柴油动力、应急航行时蓄电池动力两大部分组成,从源头出发,分析正常、应急航行时全船能量流通的主要环节,清理、总结能量“浪费”现象.同时,以全船用电负荷清理入手,明确长期负荷、典型负荷,对典型负荷的能量流通和利用情况开展分析;最后,提出全船能量流通存在的主要问题,并从解决问题出发提出能量综合利用的初步想法或技术方案.     

船舶回转性能分析

在对船舶作回转性能分析时，采用战术直径表征其他回转特征量，计算出不同舵角、航速、纵倾及排水体积下的回转圈战术直径。衡量各因素对战术直径的影响程度，总结战术直径随各因素变化的规律，得到不同排水量之间战术直径的简化算法，为试航回转试验的特征量从设计吃水转化为满载吃水提供了一种较简捷的近似换算方法。     

500t渔政船双机并车轴系扭振计算研究

建立了500t渔政船双机并车系统当量模型,分析了其振动计算的特点;给出了双机并车轴系考虑柴油机各缸激励、两柴油机之间的相位角及各缸负荷不均性情况下的响应计算的方程,并计算了系统第1质量振幅和和最大轴段的应力.详细分析了两台柴油机相位角和气缸负荷不均匀性对系统振动特性的影响.     

Research on the dynamic buckling of a typical deck grillage structure subjected to in-plane impact Load

The dynamic buckling of the main deck grillage would result in the total collapse of the ship hull subjected to a far-filed underwater explosion. This dynamic buckling is mainly due to the dynamic moment of the ship hull when the ship hull experiences a sudden movement under impact load from the explosion. In order to investigate the ultimate strength of a typical deck grillage under quasi-static and dynamic in-plane compressive load, a structure model, in which the real constrained condition of the deck grillage was taken into consideration, was designed and manufactured. The quasi-static ultimate strength and damage mode of the deck grillage under in-plane compressive load was experimentally investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the ultimate strength of the deck grillage subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load, and was validated by comparing the results from experimental tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the numerical simulations of dynamic buckling of the same model under in-plane impact load was performed, in which the influences of the load amplitude and the frequency of dynamic impact load, as well as the initial stress and deflection induced by wave load on the ultimate strength and failure mode were investigated. The results show that the dynamic buckling mode is quite different from the failure mode of the structure subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load. The displacements of deck edge in the vertical direction and the axial displacements are getting larger with the decrease of impact frequency. Besides, it is found that the dynamic buckling strength roughly linearly decreased with the increase of initial proportion of the static ultimate strength P₀. The conclusions drawn from the researches of this paper would help better designing of the ship structure under impact loads.     

Time-domain TEBEM method for mean drift force and moment of ships with forward speed under the oblique seas

A numerical method for solving 3D unsteady potential flow problem of ship advancing in waves is put forward. The flow field is divided into an inner and an outer domain by introducing an artificial matching surface. The inner domain is surrounded by ship wetted surface and matching surface as well as part of the free surface. The free surface condition for the inner domain is formulated by perturbation about the double-body flow or uniform incoming flow assumption. The outer domain is surrounded by matching surface and the rest free surface as well as infinite far-field radiation boundary. The free surface condition for the outer domain is formulated by perturbation about uniform incoming flow. The simple Green function and transient free surface Green function are used to form the boundary integral equation (BIE) for the inner and outer domains, respectively. Taylor Expansion Boundary Element Method (TEBEM) is utilized to solve the double-body flow and inner domain and outer domain unsteady flow BIE. Matching conditions for the inner domain flow and outer domain flow are enforced by the continuity of velocity potential and normal velocity on the matching surface. Direct pressure integration on ship wetted surface is used to obtain the first-order and second-order wave forces (moments). The numerical predictions on the displacement, added resistance, sway mean drift force and yaw mean drift moment of the modified KVLCC2 ship at different forward speeds are investigated by the proposed TEBEM method. It is also compared with the other numerical results. The physical tank experiment results are also developed to validate the accuracy of numerical tank results. Compared with the experiment solutions, a good agreement can be obtained by TEBEM method.

     

舰船防护水舱在接近爆炸载荷作用下响应的理论研究

防护水舱作为抵御反舰武器爆炸破片和冲击波效应的有效手段之一,在舰船防护结构中经常被采用.爆炸冲击波是一种瞬态的作用,水舱在这种瞬态冲击载荷作用下的响应涉及内、外板以及舱内水的相互作用,其响应机理十分复杂.迄今为止人们还没有对其进行比较完整和严格的理论分析.文章通过适当的假设,对防护水舱内外舱壁在接近爆炸载荷作用下的响应机理进行了理论分析,推导出了水舱内、外板的响应计算公式,并做了算例研究.文中的研究对防护水舱这种特殊结构抵御爆炸冲击波的机理有了进一步的理论解释,并对其设计提出了可供参考的依据和原则.     

船用柴油机推进装置盘车扭矩的一种计算方法

分析盘车阻力的产生原因,介绍了一种估算柴油机推进装置的盘车阻力矩的计算方法,列举计算柴油机自身盘车力矩的实例,并用一艘船的设计实例验证了计算方法的准确性。