神经细胞凋亡在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤延迟性瘫痪中的作用

目的研究细胞凋亡在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤发生延迟性瘫痪中的作用。方法将48只新西兰白兔随机分为2组:对照组(sham)和缺血再灌注组(IR)。参照并改进Zivin方法建立兔脊髓腰骶段缺血再灌注延迟性瘫痪模型,比较各组动物不同时间点后肢运动功能及病理形态学变化;采用原位末端脱氧核糖核酸酶转移介导的脱氧尿三磷酸(dUTP)标记法(TUNEL法)检测神经细胞凋亡水平。结果HE染色显示,再灌注8 h组神经细胞形态基本正常,结构清楚,灰质中有少量空泡,但神经元细胞结构完好;再灌注24 h组:灰质中前角神经元细胞破坏严重,空泡形成,无明显炎症细胞浸润;再灌注72 h组:灰质前角中大量空泡形成,尚残存数个结构清楚的运动神经元,有明显炎症细胞浸润;再灌注168 h组:灰质中运动神经元消失,残存数个固缩坏死神经元。TUNEL法染色显示,sham组及再灌注8 h后,仅见非特异性染色。再灌注24 h后出现大量阳性细胞,至再灌注72 h阳性细胞数量达到最高峰,主要分布在前角运动神经元。再灌注1周后,灰质结构破坏严重,仅有少量神经元幸存,但其阳性细胞平均积分吸光度值仍较对照组高。结论脊髓缺血再灌注后发生延迟性瘫痪时,神经元死亡的方式主要是细胞凋亡。     

Effects of erigeron breviscapus （Vant.） Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.     

c-Jun氨基末端激酶信号通路在大鼠脑缺血再灌注过程中的作用

目的探讨c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路在大鼠脑缺血再灌注过程中所发挥的作用。方法雄性SD大鼠108只,体重290-310 g,随机分成假手术组(SH组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)和JNK抑制剂SP600125组(SP组),分别于缺血前30 min侧脑室注射10 mL/L二甲基亚砜(DMSO)1、0 mL/L DMSO及JNK抑制剂SP600125。每组再根据再灌注时间分为2、6、12、24、487、2 h 6个亚组,每亚组6只动物。采用4-VO法建立SD大鼠全脑缺血模型,在预定时间点行灌注、固定、取脑、石蜡包埋切片;免疫组化方法检测p-JNK的表达变化,光镜下计数海马CA1区存活细胞,TUNEL法检测CA1区凋亡细胞。结果脑缺血再灌注后海马CA1区p-JNK在IR组有明显表达,于再灌注2 h时即明显升高,6 h时略有降低,后逐渐上升,24 h到高峰,之后表达量减小。SP组p-JNK的表达则无明显增高,各时点与IR组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。海马CA1区神经元存活数目SP组明显高于IR组(P<0.01),凋亡指数显著低于IR组(P<0.01)。结论在大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤过程中,JNK信号通路发挥了重要作用,抑制JNK通路的激活可对脑缺血再灌注损伤导致的细胞损伤起到保护作用。     

高氧液对家兔急性脑缺血损伤的治疗作用

目的　探索高氧液对兔急性全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法　钳闭双侧颈总动脉并降压建立家兔全脑缺血模型,18只模型随机分3组:对照组(CG) 用平衡盐液再灌注,治疗组(TG) 用高氧液再灌注,均 20 mL/kg静注;预处理组(PG)实验前3 d,高氧液 20 mL/kg静注,每天 1 次。每组在缺血前、缺血 20 min和再灌注 45 min各抽取颈内动脉血测定动脉氧分压(PaO2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。72 h后处死动物,行海马 CA1 区组织病理学观察。结果　再灌注后TG组和PG组MDA含量与海马神经元坏死数量明显低于CG组,PaO2明显高于CG组。结论　高氧液对急性脑缺血有一定保护作用。     

THE EXPRESSION OF BCL-2, BAX AND CASPASE-3 IN NEURON OF THE SPINAL CORD ANTERIOR HORN AFTER CAUDA EQUINA ACUTE COMPRESSION

Objective To explore the influence of the acute cauda equina compression on the iumbosacral spinal cord; To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron after acute cauda equina compression. Methods 27 canis familiaris were randomly divided into 9 groups （3 in each） ： one for normal group, one for control group, and seven for compression groups. The control group and compressed groups was given operation and the sac made of silica gel was placed under the lamina of L5-6. Water was injected into the sac until their posterior legs paralysis in compressed groups, the animals had been compressed for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 168 hours. The control group were not injected water. Cells apoptosis was investigated with the technology of TdT-mediated biotin dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL） staining. The Bcl-2 Bax and Caspase-3 protein was investigated by immunohistochemical method. Results TUNEL staining cells in anterior horn presented after compressed 8-12 hours, and at 72 hours the number of positive cells got to maximum, it decreased subsequently after 168 hours. The protein of Bax, Bcl-2 expressed a little in normal motor neuron. The caspase-3 protein didn＇t express in normal ceil. They all reached the peak at 72 hours after compression. Conclusion The apoptosis of motor neuron occurred earlier after eauda equina acute compression. Bax protein restrained Bcl-2 protein then active caspase-3 and conduced apoptosis of motor neuron.     

Apoptosis of lumbar spinal cord neurons in cauda equina syndrome rats

Objective To explore the law of apoptosis of lumbar spinal cord neurons in cauda equina syndrome (CES). Methods Cauda equina of rats was compressed by a piece of silica gel stick. From day 1 to day 28, the lumbar spinal cord specimens were harvested and assessed by Nissl's staining and TUNEL staining. Results Compression of cauda equina caused lesion and apoptosis of neurons in lumbar spinal cord, and the extent of apoptosis reached the peak on 7th day after compression. Conclusion Apoptosis of neurons in lumbar spinal cord might be one of the reasons why patients with CES get poor prognosis.     

肝动脉缺血对肝细胞凋亡的影响及其机制初探

目的　探讨肝动脉缺血 (HAI)过程中氧自由基对肝细胞凋亡的影响及其机制。方法　将家兔按再灌注后有无HAI分为HAI组和对照组。在兔肝自体原位移植模型基础上 ,应用原位末端标记 (TUNEL)技术、免疫组化法和比色法 ,检测肝细胞凋亡指数 (AI)、bc1 2蛋白表达和肝组织中MDA生成水平。结果　随着HAI时间的出现和延长 ,肝细胞凋亡指数增大。当HAI 3h时 ,HAI组凋亡指数增高为 12 .5 %± 1.38% ,与同组HAI 30min、HAI 2h和对照组的AI值比较均有显著性升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。bc1 2蛋白表达阳性细胞于再灌注后增多 ,但HAI组与对照组比较 ,各时点均无明显差异。同时 ,肝组织内MDA含量逐渐增多 ,HAI组HAI 3h达到最高 ,同组HAI各时点的MDA含量比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　HAI损伤可通过进一步促进缺血再灌注后氧自由基的生成而加重肝细胞凋亡的发生 ,阻碍供肝功能的恢复 ,是肝移植后供肝功能不全和并发症发生的关键因素之一。     

地塞米松对重症急性胰腺炎胰腺细胞凋亡的影响

目的　探讨地塞米松对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎胰腺细胞凋亡及凋亡调控基因bax蛋白表达的影响。方法　 3 2只SD大鼠以 40g·L-1牛磺胆酸钠诱导建立急性胰腺炎模型 ,随机分为治疗组和非治疗组各 16只 ,对照组 6只。各组术后 6h、12h分别行TUNEL法染色检测胰腺细胞凋亡 ,免疫组化SP法检测胰腺组织中bax蛋白的表达。结果　治疗组大鼠 12h生存率明显高于非治疗组。HE染色显示治疗组胰腺组织炎症较非治疗组明显减轻。TUNEL染色显示治疗组 6h、12h胰腺细胞凋亡指数明显高于非治疗组 (P <0 .0 1)。免疫组化显示bax基因蛋白表达治疗组 6h、12h表达阳性率显著高于非治疗组 (P <0 .0 1) ,正常胰腺组织未见bax基因蛋白表达。结论　地塞米松治疗急性胰腺炎的机制可能与通过诱导胰腺细胞凋亡有关。     

缺血后处理对大鼠肾脏缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨并比较缺血预处理与后处理对肾脏的缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组(Sham)、模型对照组(I/R)、缺血预处理组(I-Precon组)、缺血后处理组(I-Postcon组)。后3组均切除右侧肾脏,左肾缺血60min,但I-Precon组在缺血60min前先将左肾缺血5min,再通血2min,循环3次后进行,I-Postcon组在缺血60min后再进行开放10s+阻断10s循环处理6次。各组处理之后,均再灌注4h。实验结束后检测血浆尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,HE染色观察各组肾组织病理变化。结果 I-Precon组和I-Postcon组与I/R组比较,大鼠血浆BUN、Cr、MDA含量明显降低(P<0.05),SOD活性明显升高(P<0.05);形态学结果显示,I-Precon组和I-Postcon组大鼠肾损伤程度明显低于I/R组,且I-Postcon组肾损伤轻于I-Precon组。结论缺血预处理与后处理均对大鼠肾脏缺血/再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化作用有关。     

黄芪预处理对家兔心肌缺血再灌注后心肌线粒体结构及功能的影响

目的 观察黄芪预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注时心肌线粒体功能及结构的影响.方法 将家兔32只随机分为假手术组(A组)、心肌缺血再灌注组(B组)、黄芪预处理组(C组)和5-羟葵酸加黄芪预处理组(D组),每组8只动物.观察线粒体Ca2 浓度、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及线粒体超微结构的改变.结果 黄芪预处理组SOD活性明显高于心肌缺血再灌注组(P<0.05),而Ca2 浓度、MDA含量则低于心肌缺血再灌注组(P<0.05,P<0.01).5-羟葵酸加黄芪预处理组与心肌缺血再灌注组各指标比较,差异无统计学意义.黄芪预处理组同心肌缺血再灌注组和5-羟葵酸加黄芪预处理组相比较,线粒体超微结构损伤明显减轻.结论 黄芪可降低线粒体氧自由基水平、减轻线粒体钙超载,从而改善缺血再灌注心肌的线粒体结构及功能,发挥心肌保护作用,且其很可能通过线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道发挥作用.     

全脑缺血再灌注损伤后JUN蛋白在大鼠海马的表达及热休克预处理对其表达的影响

目的研究全脑缺血再灌注损伤后JUN蛋白在大鼠海马的表达及热休克预处理对其表达的影响。方法以四血管法建立全脑缺血再灌注模型。将大鼠置于42℃中15 min行热休克预处理,全脑缺血6 min后行2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h3、d、5 d再灌注后处死,取海马脑组织行HE染色、JUN蛋白免疫组化染色,TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞。结果缺血再灌注后2 h JUN蛋白在CA1区开始表达,6 h达到高峰,5 d时仍有表达;CA3区JUN蛋白的表达弱于CA1区(P<0.05);同时CA1区细胞损伤明显。热休克预处理组JUN蛋白表达在CA1和CA3区相应时点减弱(P<0.05),细胞损伤轻微,凋亡细胞减少(P<0.05)。结论全脑缺血再灌注损伤后JUN蛋白过度表达参与了神经元损伤过程,热休克预处理通过下调JUN蛋白过度表达具有脑保护作用。     

宫内及哺乳期铅接触子鼠海马神经元凋亡及bcl-2、bax基因的表达

目的　探讨宫内及哺乳期铅接触对子鼠海马神经元凋亡的诱发作用及对bcl 2、bax基因表达的影响。方法　SD大鼠采用饮水加 2 0 0 0mg·L-1醋酸铅染毒 6周后 ,雌雄按 2∶1合笼 ,自然分娩 ,于子鼠断乳时停止染毒 ,用原位末端标记TUNEL法检测海马神经元的凋亡状况 ;用SP免疫组化法观察凋亡调控基因bcl 2、bax表达。结果　TUNEL法染色结果显示 :染铅组子鼠海马CA1、CA3、齿状回 (DG)区神经元细胞凋亡指数均明显高于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;SP免疫组化结果显示 :染铅组子鼠海马CA1、CA3、DG区bcl 2阳性细胞数表达较对照组减少 ,而bax阳性细胞数表达较对照组增多。结论　宫内和哺乳期铅接触可导致子鼠海马神经元凋亡 ,其机制可能与海马bcl 2蛋白表达下降、bax蛋白表达升高有关     

高氧液对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤pHi的影响

目的观察兔心肌缺血再灌注时胃黏膜pH值(pHi)的变化,探讨高氧液对心肌缺血再灌注兔pHi的影响。方法20只成年雄性新西兰大白兔随机分成对照组(n=10)及高氧液组(n=10)。高氧液组每天静脉给予10 mL/kg高氧液,20 min内匀速泵完,连续7 d,对照组用同样方法给予生理盐水,最后一次处理结束后,开胸结扎兔冠状动脉左室支30 min,再灌注后1 h、2 h分别记录心电图,左室内收缩压(LVSP)、左室收缩压上升最大速率( dp/dt max)、心率和pHi值。结果高氧液明显降低心电图S-T段的升高程度并改善血流动力学变化。pHi在缺血再灌注后显著降低,但高氧液组pHi降低幅度在再灌注后1 h、2 h明显小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在兔缺血再灌注前,静脉输入高氧液可以明显改善胃肠道微循环灌注和组织氧合。     

姜黄素对沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注后海马CA1区及CA3区Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响及意义

目的探讨姜黄素对沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注后凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax在海马CA1区、CA3区表达的影响及意义。方法制作沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉阻断缺血再灌注损伤模型。随机分为假手术组(SH)、脑缺血再灌注组(IR)、姜黄素组(CU)、对照组(SC),每组据再灌注时间点不同又分为1、3、57、d 4个亚组,每组6只动物。在预定时间点行开阔法行为学检查,TUNEL法检测海马CA1区、CA3区细胞凋亡,免疫组织化学染色测定Bcl-2、Bax蛋白在海马CA1区、CA3区的表达变化。结果姜黄素可显著减少沙土鼠探索活动及海马CA1、CA3区凋亡锥体细胞数量(与IR组相比,P<0.01),诱导Bcl-2蛋白及抑制Bax蛋白表达(与IR组相比,P<0.01)。结论姜黄素有脑保护作用,调控凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达可能是其作用机制之一。     

血红素氧合酶-1对肝硬化大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)对肝硬化大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法将大鼠随机分为:正常组(N组)、硬化组(LC组)、假手术组(S组)、手术组(I/R组)和给药组(I/R+hemin组)。除正常组外其余各组大鼠皮下注射体积分数为40%的CCl4溶液,每周2次,11周后形成肝硬化模型;停药1周后进行肝脏缺血再灌注;于再灌注后6 h检测肝功能、抗氧化能力,免疫组织化学检测核转录因子(NF-κB)、天冬半胱酶(caspase-3)和HO-1蛋白的表达。结果给予hemin诱导HO-1高表达能减轻肝脏缺血再灌注后肝细胞损伤,提高锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)水平,降低caspase-3、NF-κB阳性表达。结论HO-1能有效地减轻肝硬化肝脏缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能与提高MnSOD水平、降低caspase-3及NF-κB表达有关。     

THE EXPRESSION OF BCL-2 AND BAX PROTEINS IN GASTRIC CARCINOMA AND PRECANCEROUS LESIONS

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most commonmalignant tumors in China,and great attention hasbeen paid to its carcinogenesis research. In recentyears, it has been found that oncogenes played agreat role in the occurrence and development ofgastric carcinoma. The expression of apoptosis--as-sociated oncogenes, bcl-2 and bax, in early-stagegastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions was ex-amined by us with immunohistochemical method toevaluate their role in the genesis of gastric carcino-ma.MATE…     

FOS EXPRESSION IN LUMBARSACRAL SPINAL CORD AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA INDUCED BY CHRONIC COLONIC INFLAMMATION IN RATS

Irritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)isacommon functionalgastrointestinaldisorderinpopulations.RecentstudieshaveshownthatpersistentIBSsymp tomsdevelopedinbetween7%and31%ofsubjects afterinfectiousgastroenteritisandtransientinflam mationenteritis[1].Thisassociationis…     

凋亡阳性率及凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax在宫颈癌放疗前后表达的意义

目的　观察 30例宫颈癌患者放疗前后的凋亡阳性率及bcl 2、bax蛋白表达的变化 ,以探讨放射治疗肿瘤的机理。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法和脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的末端标记技术TUNNEL标记法对 30例Ⅰ -Ⅲ期宫颈鳞癌患者的放疗前后凋亡阳性率及bcl 2、bax蛋白表达水平进行检测。结果　 30例患者凋亡阳性率放疗前后的表达分别为 76 .7%和 10 0 % ,放疗后显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;bcl 2蛋白在放疗前后的表达阳性率分别为 73.3%和 4 6 .7% ,放疗后显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;bax蛋白在放疗前后的表达阳性率分别为 86 %和 10 0 % ,放疗后显著增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　放疗的过程就是放射线诱导细胞调亡的过程 ,放射线通过抑制bcl 2蛋白的表达、增强bax蛋白的表达诱发肿瘤细胞的凋亡     

THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CELL APOPTOSIS AND EXPRESSION OF BCL-2 PROTEIN IN INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE IN MODEL OF RATS

Intra-cerebral hemorrhage is a common clinicaldisease,with a high mortality and morbidity.So itis one of the clinical hot topics.It has been foundinrecent years that there is a close relationship bet weenthe cell apoptosis and the course or prognosis of in-tra-cerebral hemorrhage.Bcl-2,as the apoptosis-adjusted gene,plays ani mportant role in the courseof cell apoptosis,but the mechanis min the cell ap-optosis in intra-cerebral hemorrhage remains un-clear.In this experi ment,with the model bui…     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.