利用试验模态参数对轮胎垂直特性建模

本文用试验模态参数建立轮胎模型。通过对轮胎的和径向和切向激振试验获取模态参数，将地面对轮胎的作用当作输入。采用迭代算法计算了静态垂直特性，即垂直刚度、印迹长度及摩擦力在纵向的分布。然后计算了考虑轮胎预载的３００Ｈｚ内的垂直振动特性。采用模态综合方向将车轮、悬架及车身组合成的一个系统，计算出了该系统的垂直振动特性。研究显示了这种方法的可靠性和优越性。     

垂直振动压路机滚轮-土壤动力学模型的台架试验

为研究垂直振动压路机滚轮压实过程中垂直振动加速度与土壤参数之间的关系,根据二自由度"压路机-土壤"动力学模型搭建小型垂直振动压实试验台,分析了滚轮的垂直振动加速度与试验台刚度、阻尼之间的变化规律。结果表明:随着试验台刚度增加、阻尼减小,垂直振动加速度不断增加,说明垂直振动加速度随土壤密实程度增加而增加;二者呈正相关关系,可用于在线检测压实度。     

自行车行驶平顺性分析

本根据随机振动理论建立了自行车行驶系统动力学模型，按ISO2631推荐的车辆行驶平顺性的评价方法，以载重车为例进行分析计算，绘出人体所受的垂直加速度响应曲线，结果表明，有效地减轻裁重车的振动是十分必要的。     

两自由度人体振动模型及其在汽车平顺性试验中的应用

本文论述了汽车平顺性随机输入试验时使用人体振动模型作为座椅载荷的必要性。通过人体动态响应试验建立了两自由度人体模型的数学模型,进而介绍了人体动态参数的识别方法和人体模型的设计原则。试验证实,这种人体振动模型完全可以摸拟坐着的人对铅垂振动的动态响应,可以作为汽车平顺性试验和座椅动态响应试验的测试设备。     

救护车卧姿伤病员受振舒适性的评价研究

通过１３名男女志愿受试者在ＭＴＳ电液振动驯卧姿承受振动的试验研究，得到了１－３２Ｈｚ频率范围内的“１分钟卧姿人体承受垂直方向全身振动的‘舒适性降低’界限曲线”。以该曲线为基础，结合卧姿人体受振响应及汽车振动的特点，提出 相应的测试及评价方法。     

轮胎垂直振动动力学模型

本文提出一种自适应轮膜模型参数的简易测定方法，给出轮胎垂直振动动力学方程及相应的求解方法，并进行计算分析与试验测定。将分析结果与通常的点接触式模型相比较，对点接触式模型及本文所建立的自适应模型做了综合评价，结果表明，本模型的计算结果是令人满意的。     

垂直振动压路机动态特性研究

建立了垂直振动压路机三自由度振动系统数学模型,并采用变步长Runge-Kutta算法对其进行求解,获得了振动轮两侧的振幅差、振动加速度等动力学参数。分析发现,原模型的振幅均匀性较好。进一步研究了振动轮偏心距、减振器刚度以及振动轮质量变化对振动轮动态特性的影响,发现偏心距是影响振幅均匀性的主要因素,为垂直振动轮的设计、制造提供了参考意见。     

卧姿人体频响函数的测量和分析

６名卧姿受试者承受频率为１－３１．５ＨＺ的正弦扫频垂直振动及俯振动，以振动床面加速度信号为输入，以人体头，胸，腹，腿及头部水平等５点加速度信号输出，经测试及数据处理，获得各部位频率响应曲线，并对人体不同部位的响应特性进行分析。     

卧姿人体垂直振动模型的研究

对卧姿人体垂直振动模型进行研究,计算和评价卧姿人体承受振动的舒适性,对于卧铺及救护车辆的设计有参考及指导意义。文中利用动力学手段,采用机械阻抗相等的方法进行模拟,将卧姿人体等效为由质量、弹簧、阻尼等机械元件组成的等效系统。着重考虑头部、胸部、腹部等对振动冲击的敏感部位,对5名受试者进行了卧姿自由、约束两种状态下的试验,最后利用所得的加速度阻抗特性曲线对模型进行了验证。     

救护车担架—卧位人体系统振动的最优主动控制研究

本文采用域计权形式二次型性能指标函数，研究了救护车担架－卧位人体系统振动的最优主动问题。研究结果表明，与传统的被动隔振系统相比，担架主动隔振系统能旬有效地降低担架－卧位人体系统垂直振动和纵向角振动加速度的均方根值；在性能指标中采用与频率相关的计权矩阵，可进一步降低系统在相应频带的振动。本文为改善救护车卧姿伤病员的运送平顺性提供了一个新的思路和方法。     

A real-time posture monitoring method for rail vehicle bodies based on machine vision

Monitoring vehicle operation conditions has become significantly important in modern high-speed railway systems. However, the operational impact of monitoring the roll angle of vehicle bodies has principally been limited to tilting trains, while few studies have focused on monitoring the running posture of vehicle bodies during operation. We propose a real-time posture monitoring method to fulfil real-time monitoring requirements, by taking rail surfaces and centrelines as detection references. In realising the proposed method, we built a mathematical computational model based on space coordinate transformations to calculate attitude angles of vehicles in operation and vertical and lateral vibration displacements of single measuring points. Moreover, comparison and verification of reliability between system and field results were conducted. Results show that monitoring of the roll angles of car bodies obtained through the system exhibit variation trends similar to those converted from the dynamic deflection of bogie secondary air springs. The monitoring results of two identical conditions were basically the same, highlighting repeatability and good monitoring accuracy. Therefore, our monitoring results were reliable in reflecting posture changes in running railway vehicles.     

Subjective absolute discomfort threshold due to idle vibration in passenger vehicles according to sitting posture

Idle vibration, occurring when a vehicle comes to a stop while the engine is on, is known to be a main cause of discomfort for passengers, and the customer effect has been recently growing. The frequency of idle vibration is determined by the engine type. To lower the vibration, various technologies have been applied to optimize the engine mount and vehicle body structure. In addition to the technological developments, research on human response with a consideration of idle vibration is needed to effectively reduce the level of discomfort experienced by passengers. Seats aimed at enhancing static comfort influence the sitting posture of passengers; sitting posture is a factor affecting human body characteristics that response to idle vibration. This study examined the absolute discomfort threshold of idle vibration according to the sitting postures of 13 taxi drivers. The four sitting postures of subjects on a rigid-body seat without a backrest were variables in the determination of absolute discomfort threshold of idle vibration. The absolute discomfort threshold curves obtained in this experiment were less sensitive to frequency changes than the frequency weighting function of ISO 2631-1.     

救护车卧姿乘员受振舒适性的评价研究

为合理地分析和评价救护车卧姿乘员的受振舒适性，开展了卧姿人体全身振动暴露的舒适性试验研究。通过对１３名志愿受试者３００多人次的试验，得到了卧姿人体全身振动暴露１ｍｉｎ降低舒适性的阈限，并据此导出了１６ｍｉｎ、２５ｍｉｎ、１ｈ、２．５ｈ、４ｈ、８ｈ、１６ｈ和２４ｈ对应的降低舒适性界限。建立了相应的舒适性评价方法，将其应用于某野战急救车的卧姿舒适性评价，取得了较好的效果。     

Vibration control in train-bridge-track systems

To study the problems associated with vibration control of train-bridge-track systems a mathematical model with the capability of representing supplementary vibrational control devices is proposed. The train system is assumed as rigid bodies supported on double-deck suspension mechanism with semi-active features. The bridge system is modeled using the modal approach. Vibration control for bridge responses is provided by tuned mass dampers. A non-classical incremental Eigen analysis is proposed to trace the system characteristics across the time. In an example, the capability of the proposed model in investigating the vibration control prospects of a bridge-train system is shown. The results indicate the effectiveness of active suspension mechanism in reducing train's body movements, particularly the pitching angle and the vertical accelerations. Accordingly, the results also verify the potential of TMD devices in reducing the bridge responses at resonance motions.     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

Biodynamic responses of seated pregnant subjects exposed to vertical vibrations in driving conditions

A pregnant woman's body is a very sophisticated dynamic system that is sensitive to whole-body vibrations in a sitting posture. While much effort has been devoted to vibration effects on non-pregnant seated persons, little research has been devoted to the biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women exposed to vertical vibrations, especially in driving conditions. In this study a thorough survey of lumped-parameter models for non-pregnant seated persons is implemented. According to the literature the mathematical models adequate for representing the increase in mass due to pregnancy are proposed and evaluated systematically. On the basis of an analytical study and experimental validation, the six-degree-of-freedom model modified from the non-linear model proposed by Muksian and Nash is recommended. In addition, the recommended pregnant model is further integrated with two-dimensional half-car and three-dimensional full-car models to assess the responses of pregnant drivers or passengers exposed to vertical vibrations due to road unevenness. It is believed that the study presented in this report provides a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women and that it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in the design of vehicle suspension systems.     

Biodynamic responses of seated pregnant subjects exposed to vertical vibrations in driving conditions

A pregnant woman's body is a very sophisticated dynamic system that is sensitive to whole-body vibrations in a sitting posture. While much effort has been devoted to vibration effects on non-pregnant seated persons, little research has been devoted to the biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women exposed to vertical vibrations, especially in driving conditions. In this study a thorough survey of lumped-parameter models for non-pregnant seated persons is implemented. According to the literature the mathematical models adequate for representing the increase in mass due to pregnancy are proposed and evaluated systematically. On the basis of an analytical study and experimental validation, the six-degree-of-freedom model modified from the non-linear model proposed by Muksian and Nash is recommended. In addition, the recommended pregnant model is further integrated with two-dimensional half-car and three-dimensional full-car models to assess the responses of pregnant drivers or passengers exposed to vertical vibrations due to road unevenness. It is believed that the study presented in this report provides a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women and that it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in the design of vehicle suspension systems.     

Vibration control in train–bridge–track systems

To study the problems associated with vibration control of train–bridge–track systems a mathematical model with the capability of representing supplementary vibrational control devices is proposed. The train system is assumed as rigid bodies supported on double-deck suspension mechanism with semi-active features. The bridge system is modeled using the modal approach. Vibration control for bridge responses is provided by tuned mass dampers. A non-classical incremental Eigen analysis is proposed to trace the system characteristics across the time. In an example, the capability of the proposed model in investigating the vibration control prospects of a bridge–train system is shown. The results indicate the effectiveness of active suspension mechanism in reducing train's body movements, particularly the pitching angle and the vertical accelerations. Accordingly, the results also verify the potential of TMD devices in reducing the bridge responses at resonance motions.     

两自由度系统的自由振动实验

汽车行驶过程中会因为地面不平引起的冲击载荷、发动机工作的振动等原因而产生振动,当汽车振动的频率与车身固有频率相接近时,车身会产生很大的垂向加速度,不仅会使驾乘人员感到不适,还会造成车身结构的损坏。因此,对于汽车振动模型的研究就显得尤其重要。以搭建的两自由度系统的试验模型为研究对象,求得其在不同初始条件下实验的自由振动响应,来验证理论求解模型的正确性,为汽车平顺性的改善提供理论依据。     

Influence of long-wavelength track irregularities on the motion of a high-speed train

Vertical track irregularities over viaducts in high-speed rail systems could be possibly caused by concrete creep if pre-stressed concrete bridges are used. For bridge spans that are almost uniformly distributed, track irregularity exhibits a near-regular wave profile that excites car bodies as a high-speed train moves over the bridge system. A long-wavelength irregularity induces low-frequency excitation that may be close to the natural frequencies of the train suspension system, thereby causing significant vibration of the car body. This paper investigates the relationship between the levels of car vibration, bridge vibration, track irregularity, and the train speed. First, this study investigates the vibration levels of a high-speed train and bridge system using 3D finite-element (FE) transient dynamic analysis, before and after adjustment of vertical track irregularities by means of installing shimming plates under rail pads. The analysis models are validated by in situ measurements and on-board measurement. Parametric studies of car body vibration and bridge vibration under three different levels of track irregularity at five train speeds and over two bridge span lengths are conducted using the FE model. Finally, a discontinuous shimming pattern is proposed to avoid vehicle suspension resonance.