Nonlinear Attitude Dynamics of Twin Cycle with Feedback Control

Abstract

The nonlinear attitude dynamics of a twin cycle under output feedback control is studied through bifurcation analysis. Two cases are considered. One assumes no slip and the other assumes small slip. The double zero bifurcation is found to occur in both cases but with different bifurcation sets. Among them heteroclinic orbits are found in both cases and a limit cycle in the second case. The region of feedback gains for stability is obtained. Large negative feedback gains are found necessary to assure stability of the twin cycle. Finally, the tire effect is studied and it causes the distortion of the bifurcation sets.     

非线性连续反馈控制车辆半主动悬架

本文提出了车辆半主动悬架改进的连续反馈控制规律，用一个简单的二自由度车辆模型分别对具有该种控制规律的改进连续型昱主动悬架和连续型半主动悬架进行了数值分析，结果表明，前者比后者的减振效果最佳。     

Nonlinear Dynamics of Vehicle Traction

Summary The purpose of this study is to understand the nonlinear dynamics of longitudinal ground vehicle traction. Specifically, single-wheel models of rubber-tired automobiles under straight-ahead braking and acceleration conditions are investigated in detail. Customarily, the forward vehicle speed and the rotational rate of the tire/wheel are taken as dynamic states. This paper motivates an alternative formulation in which wheel slip, a dimensionless measure of the difference between the vehicle speed and the circumferential speed of the tire relative to the wheel center, replaces the angular velocity of the tire/wheel as a dynamic state. This formulation offers new insight into the dynamic behavior of vehicle traction. The unique features of the modeling approach allow one to capture the full range of dynamic responses of the single-wheel traction models in a relatively simple geometric manner. The models developed here may also be useful for developing and implementing anti-lock brake and traction control control schemes.     

Nonlinear Dynamics of Vehicle Traction

Summary The purpose of this study is to understand the nonlinear dynamics of longitudinal ground vehicle traction. Specifically, single-wheel models of rubber-tired automobiles under straight-ahead braking and acceleration conditions are investigated in detail. Customarily, the forward vehicle speed and the rotational rate of the tire/wheel are taken as dynamic states. This paper motivates an alternative formulation in which wheel slip, a dimensionless measure of the difference between the vehicle speed and the circumferential speed of the tire relative to the wheel center, replaces the angular velocity of the tire/wheel as a dynamic state. This formulation offers new insight into the dynamic behavior of vehicle traction. The unique features of the modeling approach allow one to capture the full range of dynamic responses of the single-wheel traction models in a relatively simple geometric manner. The models developed here may also be useful for developing and implementing anti-lock brake and traction control control schemes.     

具有量化误差反馈的车辆纵向跟随控制

针对自动跟随车辆间信息传输存在无线网络量化误差的情况,研究了车辆跟随系统的纵向控制问题.假定每个跟随车辆能够通过无线网络获得相邻车辆及领头车辆的状态信息,并且信息在对数量化器传输下存在量化误差.基于车辆非线性纵向动力学耦合模型和车辆固定间隔跟随策略,应用向量Lyapunov函数方法得出的指数稳定性判据,将量化误差处理为系统状态的不确定性,给出补偿量化误差的滑模控制律,并设计满足系统群稳定性的控制器参数.仿真结果表明:相较于不考虑量化误差的控制器,本控制器能够显著提高车辆跟随误差的收敛速度,确保了自动车辆纵向跟随系统的稳定性.     

主动汽车悬架的非线性控制

本文采用１／４车模型对天棚阻尼器和主动悬架的动力学性能进行分析，针对执行器的非线性特性，探讨了微分几何法和反馈法线必互法在主动悬架控制中的应用，在系统控制设计中采用了离散滑模法，仿真结果显示非线性控制律能有效地改善主动悬架的隔振特性。     

Semi-Active Attitude and Vibration Control

The paper discusses the attitude and vibration control of a passenger car on the basis of a full vehicle model. The analysis presented consists of two parts: (I) The introduction of a newly developed semi-active anti-roll/pitch system, (ii) An example of an actively suspended full vehicle model using a simple control strategy to improve ride comfort. The attitude control using semi-actively generated compensation forces prevents the car from rolling in curves and pitching during braking or accelerating. The strength of the system is the small energy consumption. The performance of the combination of both attitude and vibration control can compete with a fully active suspension system.     

Semi-Active Attitude and Vibration Control

SUMMARY

The paper discusses the attitude and vibration control of a passenger car on the basis of a full vehicle model. The analysis presented consists of two parts: (I) The introduction of a newly developed semi-active anti-roll/pitch system, (ii) An example of an actively suspended full vehicle model using a simple control strategy to improve ride comfort. The attitude control using semi-actively generated compensation forces prevents the car from rolling in curves and pitching during braking or accelerating. The strength of the system is the small energy consumption. The performance of the combination of both attitude and vibration control can compete with a fully active suspension system.     

盾构姿态控制研究

盾构姿态控制的好坏与盾构隧道施工质量的优劣是密切相关的,为了研究盾构推进过程中盾构姿态控制的关键因素,并掌握其与盾构姿态调整的对应关系,为盾构推进过程中盾构姿态控制提供理论依据,通过对某工程施工过程中大量实测数据的整理,得出盾构掘进过程中姿态变化的规律;通过数学关系的推导,得到推力油缸行程差和盾构切口竖向偏差量之间的对应关系,并将工程项目中实测的推力油缸行程差与盾构切口竖向偏差量数据相对照。研究表明： 盾构推进过程中切口始终处于不断调整之中;推得油缸行程与偏差量的对应关系和实际情况非常吻合;通过推得的推力油缸行程与盾构姿态相互关系,以期为施工优化提供依据。     

考虑塑性变形的振动压路机非线性动力学仿真

借助于土壤变形的一种塑性模式，提出了一种振动压路机压实过程的非线性动力学模型。在此基础上，借助计算机技术，探讨了振动压实中机架与振动轮的运动规律，并对激振力减少、土壤刚度变大和塑性变形增大等情况进行了仿真研究，发现了一些对压路机设计有参考价值的新现象     

面向长匝道的高速公路人口控制模型

在高速公路人口处,控制点通常与道路主线通过长匝道相连,导致控制距离较长,在传统匝道控制器的作用下,过长的控制距离容易使主线车流产生振荡.而此情况类似于电子放大系统中的自激振荡,因此引入电子技术中的频率补偿思想,构造一种新的人口匝道控制器以解决该问题.基于频率补偿的控制器,考虑到了在饱和阶段所产生的振荡信号,人为地对反馈控制信号引入一定的相位移用于破坏振荡产生的条件,可有效地抑制主线交通流发生波动.而对于在进行频率补偿的过程中所产生的过度补偿现象,新的算法加入了补偿因子来消除过度补偿而产生的振荡.仿真试验表明,新的控制器能够快速地将交通流调整到期望状态,可以适应匝道控制点与下游检测点位置的任意变化,相对于传统控制器,主线交通流的振荡现象得到明显消除.     

On the Theory of Nonlinear Dynamics and its Applications in Vehicle Systems Dynamics

We present a brief outline of nonlinear dynamics and its applications to vehicle systems dynamics problems. The concept of a phase space is introduced in order to illustrate the dynamics of nonlinear systems in a way that is easy to perceive. Various equilibrium states are defined, and the important case of multiple equilibrium states and their dependence on a parameter is discussed. It is argued that the analysis of nonlinear dynamic problems always should start with an analysis of the equilibrium states of the full nonlinear problem whereby great care must be taken in the choice of the numerical solvers. When the equilibrium states are known certain linearizations around one chosen state may be applied carefully in order to facilitate or speed up the numerical solution of the dynamical problem. It is argued, however, that certain problems cannot be linearized. The applications of nonlinear dynamics in vehicle simulations is discussed, and it is argued that it is necessary to know the equilibrium states of the full nonlinear system before the simulation calculations are performed.     

On the Theory of Nonlinear Dynamics and its Applications in Vehicle Systems Dynamics

We present a brief outline of nonlinear dynamics and its applications to vehicle systems dynamics problems. The concept of a phase space is introduced in order to illustrate the dynamics of nonlinear systems in a way that is easy to perceive. Various equilibrium states are defined, and the important case of multiple equilibrium states and their dependence on a parameter is discussed. It is argued that the analysis of nonlinear dynamic problems always should start with an analysis of the equilibrium states of the full nonlinear problem whereby great care must be taken in the choice of the numerical solvers. When the equilibrium states are known certain linearizations around one chosen state may be applied carefully in order to facilitate or speed up the numerical solution of the dynamical problem. It is argued, however, that certain problems cannot be linearized. The applications of nonlinear dynamics in vehicle simulations is discussed, and it is argued that it is necessary to know the equilibrium states of the full nonlinear system before the simulation calculations are performed.     

Optimal Linear Active Suspensions with Derivative Constraints and Output Feedback Control

In optimally controlled active suspensions with either full or incomplete state feedback there is tradeoff between system performance and overall stiffness. It is sought to remove this limitation by incorporating integral action which results in a system with infinite stiffness towards static loading, but which is soft with respect to road inputs. The system is also able to eliminate the steady state deflections due to step and (potentially) ramp type inputs at the wheel. Optimality is retained at the cost only of a derivative constraint and the system can be physically realised using output feedback control.     

盾构推进姿态控制策略研究

为提高盾构施工过程中姿态控制系统的控制精度和控制性能,提出一种盾构推进姿态控制策略。该策略将轨迹自动跟踪控制方法与模糊自适应PID闭环控制算法相结合,通过轨迹、位移、压力等多个闭环反馈实现对各个分区液压缸的速度控制,保证盾构推进轨迹按照设计的隧道轴线运行,并通过电液控制试验平台中的推进系统对提出的策略进行试验验证。结果表明,文章提出的控制策略能够使位移偏差维持在5 mm之内,可以很好地满足施工要求。     

董家山隧道小净距段爆破控制研究

结合都汶高速公路董家山隧道小净距段的实际情况,应用数值模拟方法,对小净距段在爆破荷载作用下的相互影响问题进行了研究。结果表明：在隧道爆破施工中,应对迎爆侧进行重点监控,采用合理的开挖和加固方式可有效降低爆破施工对先建隧道的不利影响。研究结论为该隧道小净距段的爆破设计、施工及现场监控量测提供指导,同时,为类似小净距段隧道提供参考。     

汽车动力学控制系统

汽车动力学控制系统是一种新型的主动安全控制系统 ,它是继防抱死系统和防滑控制系统发展起来的。文章详细介绍了它的原理 ,并通过仿真计算阐述它在汽车中的作用及发展状况和前景。     

Active Control of Non-stationary Response of Vehicles with Nonlinear Suspensions

Active control of non-stationary response of a single degree of freedom vehicle model with nonlinear passive suspension elements is considered in this paper. The method of equivalent linearization is used to derive the equivalent linear model and the optimal control laws are obtained by using stochastic optimal control theory based on full state information. Velocity squared quadratic damping and hysteresis type of stiffness nonlinearities are considered. The effect of the nonlinearities on the active system performance is studied. The performance of active suspensions with nonlinear passive elements is found to be superior to the corresponding passive suspension systems.     

Active Control of Non-stationary Response of Vehicles with Nonlinear Suspensions

SUMMARY

Active control of non-stationary response of a single degree of freedom vehicle model with nonlinear passive suspension elements is considered in this paper. The method of equivalent linearization is used to derive the equivalent linear model and the optimal control laws are obtained by using stochastic optimal control theory based on full state information. Velocity squared quadratic damping and hysteresis type of stiffness nonlinearities are considered. The effect of the nonlinearities on the active system performance is studied. The performance of active suspensions with nonlinear passive elements is found to be superior to the corresponding passive suspension systems.     

悬索桥的非线性动力行为及其大振幅扭转振动

悬索桥是一种非对称动力系统，有丰富的动力学内容，本文通过几个数值试验，以Tacoma桥为例，给出了有别于颤振理论的失稳解释。