为海工发展深情护航

自20世纪70年代末开始,我国海洋石油进入大规模开发阶段,一百余座采油平台、钻井平台以及油气浮式处理装置(FPSO)矗立在渤海、黄海、东海和南海上。近年来,我国除了在海洋石油天然气勘探与开发事业上有了大踏步的飞跃,同时还建造了用于风能开发、海上气象预报等功能的海上平台,丰富了海上     

海洋油气平台常用装备虚拟调试系统设计与开发

以某海洋油气平台为载体,针对海洋油气平台上部模块调试时间长和结构复杂的特点,从调试作业中抽取典型场景,设计开发海洋油气平台常用装备虚拟调试系统,为提升海洋油气平台调试工作效率、缩短总建造周期提供支持。     

深海采油平台发展现状和设计中的关键问题

随着海洋油气开发逐渐向深海推进,深海采油平台的使用越来越普遍.国外平台建造海域最大水深已达到2 000多米,我国未来5～10年海洋石油开采海域水深可能达到500～1500m,建造深海采油平台势在必行.因此,及早了解国外深海平台的建造和使用情况,探讨深海平台设计中的关键问题,对我国海洋油气开发具有重要意义.本文描述了国外深海采油平台的发展现状,阐明了不同形式深海平台的特点和设计中需关注的问题,指出了不同形式深海采油平台的一些优点和不足,对我国深海采油平台的建造具有重要的参考价值和一定的指导作用.     

虚拟航标在海洋油气开发设施上的应用研究

随着我国海洋油气田勘探开发的发展,离岸海洋油气平台以及平台间海底管线、电缆等数量与日俱增,也增加了过往船舶与平台发生碰撞的风险以及过往船舶对海底管线和电缆损坏等风险。针对此问题,结合虚拟航标的应用及发展现状,以及海洋油气开发设施特点,提出了将虚拟航标应用到海洋油气开发设施的方案,用以保障海洋油气开发设施的安全生产和船舶安全航行,并对应用中可能存在问题进行了分析。     

深海海洋平台发展综述

本文综述了深海海洋平台的发展历程及现状,深海海平台包括半潜式平台、TLP平台以及Spar平台,半潜式平台只能使用湿井口,多为钻井平台。TLP平台和Spar平台都适合用作深海采油平台,通过对比,认为TLP平台更为适合中国南海海域的油气开发。最后对深海平台未来的发展进行了展望。     

自升式钻井平台在我国海洋油气勘探开发中的应用和发展

自升式钻井平台属于海上移动式平台,由于其定位能力强且作业稳定性好,在大陆架的勘探开发中居主力军地位。通过阐述自升式钻井平台的组成和作业范围,以及在我国海洋油气勘探开发中的应用状况等,对未来自升式平台的发展前景,需解决的关键技术提出了见解,并概括未来新一代自升式钻井平台的主要特点供大家参考。     

海洋油气装置配套业亟待加速

海洋油气资源开发已经上升为国家战略。然而,一提到海工市场,就大谈承接了多少自升式平台、FPSO、半潜式平台、海上铺管船、半潜运输船等,却很少有人关注配套设备国产化率问题,而其它海洋产业装置的发展,更是无人问津。未来十年,正是我国造船业做大、做强的关键时期。对此,造船企业在进军海工领域的同时,需加速我国海洋油气装置中配套设备的建设。     

深水半潜式钻井平台锚泊系统技术概述

针对目前国内外海洋石油开发向深海发展的趋势,对深海半潜式平台的锚泊系统的布置方式、所采用锚泊线材料和锚设备,以及模型试验和静、动力、耦合计算的研究方法等方面的研究现状和发展趋势作了介绍,为我国今后深海油气平台锚泊技术开发的设计和研究提供参考。     

我国深水海洋油气田开发现状分析

首先阐明了世界上丰富的海洋油气资源及开发海洋油气资源的巨大前景;进而说明了海洋油气资源的开发向深海发展的必然性,阐述了深海油气开发的特点和困难以及世界海洋油气开发的现状和发展趋势;并介绍了我国海洋油气开发的现状,分析了我国海洋油气开发的技术、装备、人才方面存在的困境,指出了我国海洋油气开发目前所面临的历史机遇和使命。     

海洋油气平台调试电力网络建模与配电方案规划

从海洋油气平台调试的配电方案规划需求出发,以图结构描述电力网络拓扑结构,以派生图处理由互斥关系引起的断路器连通关系变化,以寻路算法进行配电方案规划。进行配电方案校验,确定合理供电路径,并开发海洋油气平台调试配电软件。研究可为海洋油气平台的相关调试工作提供所需要的技术支持。     

Hydrodynamic comparison of a semi-submersible, TLP, and Spar: Numerical study in the South China Sea environment

The South China Sea contains tremendous oil and gas resources in deepwater areas. However, one of the keys for deepwater exploration, the investigation of deepwater floating platforms, is very inadequate. In this paper, the authors studied and compared the hydrodynamics and global motion behaviors of typical deepwater platforms in the South China Sea environment. The hydrodynamic models of three main types of floating platforms, e.g. the Semi-submersible, tension leg platform (TLP), and Truss Spar, which could potentially be utilized in the South China Sea, were established by using the 3-D potential theory. Additionally, some important considerations which significantly influence the hydrodynamics were given. The RAOs in frequency domains as well as global motions in time domains under time-varying wind, random waves, and current in 100-y, 10-y, and 1-y return period environment conditions were predicted, compared, and analyzed. The results indicate that the heave and especially the pitch motion of the TLP are favorable. The heave response of the Truss Spar is perfect and comparable with that of the TLP when the peak period of random waves is low. However, the pitch motion of Truss Spar is extraordinarily larger than that of Semi-submersible and TLP.     

Floating production platforms and their applications in the development of oil and gas fields in the South China Sea

This paper studies the current available options forfloating production platforms in developing deepwater oil fieldsand the potential development models of future oil and gasexploration in the South China Sea. A detailed review of currentdeepwater platforms worldwide was performed through theexamples of industry projects, and the pros and cons of eachplatform are discussed. Four types of platforms are currently usedfor the deepwater development： tension leg platform, Spar,semi-submersible platform, and the floating production systemoffloading. Among these, the TLP and Spar can be used for dry treeapplications, and have gained popularity in recent years. The drytree application enables the extension of the drilling application forfixed platforms into floating systems, and greatly reduces the costand complexity of the subsea operation. Newly built wet treesemi-submersible production platforms for ultra deepwater are alsogetting their application, mainly due to the much needed payloadfor deepwater making the conversion of the old drillingsemi-submersible platforms impossible. These platforms have beenused in different fields around the world for different environments;each has its own advantages and disadvantages. There are manychallenges with the successful use of these floating platforms. A lotof lessons have been learned and extensive experience accumulatedthrough the many project applications. Key technologies are beingreviewed for the successful use of floating platforms for fielddevelopment, and potential future development needs are beingdiscussed. Some of the technologies and experience of platformapplications can be well used for the development of the SouthChina Sea oil and gas field.     

中国南海ASDD深水试验井中的锚泊设计与作业(英文)

Mooring systems play an important role for semi-submersible rigs that drill in deepwater.A detailed analysis was carried out on the mooring of a semi-submersible rig that conducted a trial well drilling at a deepwater location in the South China Sea in 2009.The rig was 30 years old and had a shallow platform with a designed maximum operating water depth of 457 m.Following the mooring analysis,a mooring design was given that requires upgrading of the rig’s original mooring system.The upgrade included several innovations,such as installing eight larger anchors,i.e.replacing the original anchors and inserting an additional 600 m of steel wires with the existing chains.All this was done to enhance the mooring capability of the rig in order for the rig to be held in position to conduct drilling at a water depth of 476 m.The overall duration of the drilling was 50 days and the upgraded mooring system proved to be efficient in achieving the goal of keeping the rig stationary while it was drilling the trial well in the South China Sea.This successful campaign demonstrates that an older semi-submersible rig can take on drilling in deep water after careful design and proper upgrading and modification to the original mooring system.     

深水钻井的“人工海底”技术开发和中国南海预试验井的实施

介绍了中海油田服务股份有限公司在中国南海进行的预试井活动,讨论了将用于深水油山钻井作业的人工海底新技术.深水钻井市场在最近10年中处于不断扩张的过程,目前世界上用于深水和超深水钻采作业的钻井船和甲台数目不足.中国目前也需要更多的设备用于深水海洋的钻采作业.中海油田服务股份有限公司目前拥有的一些半潜式钻井平台可以在水深浅于475m的水深中进行作业.自从2004年以来,中海油田服务股份有限公司与挪威公司合作,进行人工海底技术的研究和改进,这种技术发展的目标是,利用较浅水作业的钻井平台,进行水深1 000～1 500 m的油气田的钻井作业.介绍了该种技术研究和改进的过程,相关装备的生产和更新.2008年6月,在中国南海的500m水域应用人工海底技术进行了预试验井的作业.2009年,中海油田服务股份有限公司将在中国南海的同一海域进行另一次更深入的实际钻井作业.     

南海FLNG上部模块总体布局方案研究

FLNG在南海深水气田开发中应用前景广阔,应加强对其设计技术的研究.本文结合调研和项目经验,总结FLNG上部模块总体布置原则和规范,研究布局影响因素,并提出南海FLNG布局建议.FLNG上部模块设计时,应符合安全、经济、合理的原则,并遵守船级社和本行业在总体、工艺、安全等方面的规范;在选择布局方案时,应重点考虑系泊、外输、解脱、工艺方案等4个因素的影响;对于南海FLNG总体布局方案,采用旁靠时建议按从船首到船尾"单点-火炬-预处理-液化-外输-电站/公用-生活楼"布局,采用尾靠时建议按"生活楼-单点-电站/公用-预处理-火炬-液化-外输"布局.本研究成果可以为今后开展南海FLNG上部模块设计提供参考.     

Spar平台上部设施和设备总体布置

深水油气田的开发推动了深水浮式平台技术的发展,目前已有三类深水浮式平台在国外深水油气田开发中得到应用,Spar平台是其中的一种。随着我国南海深水油气资源的不断发现,提出了对深水浮式平台技术的需求。南海深水气田是在中国南海深水海域发现的第一个深水气田,为了验证深水桁架式Spar平台在南海深水气田开发中的可行性,我们对深水桁架式Spar平台设计技术进行了研究,Spar平台上部设施、设备总体布置也为主要研究内容。本文介绍Spar平台的发展历程,研究了Spar平台上部设施、设备总体布置方法,以及Spar平台上部设施设备的布置应考虑的要点,以供本领域研究设计人员了解参考。     

新建半潜运输船在张力腿平台运输方面的应用研究(英文)

Transportation of tension leg platform(TLP) structures for a long distance has always been associated with the use of a heavy semi-transport vessel.The requirements of this type of vessel are always special,and their availability is limited.To prepare for the future development of South China Sea deepwater projects,the China Offshore Oil Engineering Corporation has recently built a heavy lift transport vessel-Hai Yang Shi You 278.This semi-submersible vessel has a displacement capacity of 50k DWT,and a breath of 42 meters.Understanding the vessel’s applicability and preparing it for use in future deepwater projects are becoming imminent needs.This paper reviews the current critical issues associated with TLP transportation and performs detailed analysis of the designed TLP during load-out and transportation.The newly built COOEC transportation vessel HYSY 278 was applied to dry transport of the TLP structure from the COOEC fabrication yard in Qingdao to an oil field in South China Sea.The entire process included the load-out of the TLP structure from the landsite of the fabrication yard,the offloading and float-on of the platform from the vessel,the dry transport of the TLP over a long distance,and the final offloading of the platform.Both hydrodynamic and structure analysis were performed to evaluate the behavior of the transport vessel and TLP structure.Special attention was paid to critical areas associated with the use of this new vessel,along with any potential limitations.The results demonstrate that HYSY 278 can effectively be used for transporting the structure with proper arrangement and well-prepared operation.The procedure and details were presented on the basis of the study results.Special attention was also given to discussion on future use based on the results from the analysis.     

半潜式平台结构疲劳特征研究

本文研究2种典型结构形式半潜平台在不同海域结构应力长期分布特征。对比中国南海典型波浪散布与墨西哥湾典型波浪散布特征,计算两海域平台结构应力响应,得到平台结构应力范围长期Weibull分布形状参数。中国南海典型环境条件对于双下浮体式半潜平台结构波浪应力长期Weibull分布形状参数不大于1,对于环形浮箱半潜平台结构波浪应力长期Weibull分布形状参数不大于1.05,为针对中国南海应用简化疲劳分析方法分析半潜式平台结构疲劳寿命提供依据。同时,计算得到两类典型半潜式平台在墨西哥湾典型环境条件下结构波浪应力长期Weibull分布形状参数值不大于0.8的结论,证实对于半潜式平台的疲劳设计,南海疲劳海况较墨西哥湾海况更恶劣。     

吸力式基础在深水油气田开发中的应用探讨

基于吸力式基础在全球深水油气田开发设施中的工程应用调研结果,对比分析此类基础较其他基础型式的优势,介绍吸力式基础的设计和施工过程应该着重考虑的问题,展望其在国内的应用前景。     

吸力式基础安装的关键设备深水泵撬块

吸力式基础是深海油气田开发中重要的基础型式之一,目前其安装技术基本由国外垄断。该文以我国南海某气田开发为依托,针对深水吸力式基础安装的关键设备——泵撬块进行了研究。通过采用水下液压泵站、压力补偿器、干式电子舱等技术,保证了处于深水中设备的耐压性和密封性;且可以通过远程控制来实现泵撬块与吸力式基础的锁紧、解脱,泵撬块的排水、注水换向,以及在水上对吸力式基础和泵撬块的实时监测和操作;对深水吸力式基础在我国的发展应用有一定的推动作用。