散货船舱口围修理改进

<正>散货船舱口盖在舱口围上方反复开关,对舱口围的钢板磨损严重,只修理舱口围可能会导致与舱口盖配合存在间隙,舱口盖无法密封。由于船舶工期紧张,船东不希望舱口盖下地修理。在不修理舱口盖的情况下修理舱口围,通过全站仪等事先对舱口围、舱口盖检测,施工中进行过程控制。     

多用途船舱口盖的结构强度分析与优化

对某多用途船船体舱口盖进行三维有限元强度分析,得到舱口盖在风雨和堆放货物载荷作用下,舱口盖应力与位移的分布情况。计算和分析结果可为今后舱口盖设计提供一些有益依据。     

考虑腐蚀影响与屈曲强度的液压折叠式舱口盖结构优化

液压舱口盖在承受集装箱载荷和风雨载荷过程中起着非常关键的作用.根据液压舱口盖的受力与变形特点,将优化理论应用于液压舱口盖结构优化设计中,建立了液压舱口盖结构优化模型.以液压舱口盖结构重量为目标函数,优化过程中考虑了强度、刚度和心曲等多种约束工况.在多种载荷作用下,优化了液压舱口盖结构,使优化后的液压舱口盖结构不但满足强度和刚度衡准要求,同时也满足屈曲强度要求.     

中小型货船折叠式舱口盖制造技术要求

本文根据目前舱口盖制造中所存在的普遍问题，提出中小型船舶舱口盖制作的工艺技术要求和的质量控制措施。     

箱型舱口盖结构强度直接计算方法研究

舱口盖可以保证货舱保持水密,防止进水。箱型舱口盖构造简单,小型船舶上使用广泛。本文针对箱形舱口盖在风雨载荷作用下的响应进行了直接计算。通过计算发现在约束点外有明显的应力集中现象,由于舱口盖为典型的单跨梁结构,提出把在约束点区域的应力集中隐藏,显示舱口盖的中部应力区域,这样更符合实际情况。为箱型舱口盖的直接计算提供借鉴。     

7200dwt江海直达船舱口盖直接设计

采用MSC软件对一艘7 200dwt江海直达散货船舱口盖结构进行了有限元计算分析,得到舱口盖在设计波浪载荷作用下,舱口盖应力与变形的分布情况,并通过CCS-Tool完成了屈曲强度校核,经加强后使舱口盖结构满足屈服与屈曲强度要求。同时,提出了舱盖直接设计的注意事项,为今后舱口盖设计提供一些参考。     

大型集装箱船舱口盖一次吊装安装技术研究

主要围绕大型集装箱船舱口盖一次吊装工艺,阐述大型集装箱船舱口盖一次定位方法,涉及货舱精度管理、舱口盖建造管理,以及箱体立柱先于舱口盖安装定位方法,为集装箱船建造工艺优化开拓新的视野。     

198TEU多用途集装箱船起吊式舱口盖的设计研究

本文介绍了198TEU多用途集装箱船起吊式舱口盖的研究和设计。其思路可供舱口盖设计及编制装载集装箱舱口盖检验规则时参考。     

基于UG二次开发的折叠式舱口盖参数化设计

文章以折叠式舱口盖为研究对象,结合UG／Open GRIP高效、便捷、交互性能强的编程特点和UG／Open API操作简单、控制用户界面方便的优势,依托UG／Open UIStyler制作灵活、多样的人性化界面和UG／OpenMenuScript生成用户菜单,在对折叠式舱口盖结构分析的基础上,引入UG二次开发技术对折叠式舱口盖进行参数化建模系统设计,达到改变折叠式舱口盖部件参数值输入就能迅速建立新模型的目的。经过对参数化建模系统程序调试,系统能够正确、简便、迅速完成折叠式舱口盖部件参数化建模功能。该系统减少了折叠式舱口盖设计周期,提高了设计效率,为折叠式舱口盖参数化建模设计提供参考依据。     

大型集装箱船使用非风雨密舱口盖问题分析

以5618TEU集装箱船为例，通过对大型集装箱船上非风雨密舱口盖的分析，阐述了非风雨密舱口盖在大型集装箱船上使用的必要性和合理性。     

大跨度张弦桁架滑移及预应力张拉施工技术分析

张弦桁架是近年来大跨度空间结构领域兴起的一种新的结构类型,以其结构受力合理,跨越能力大且建筑造型优美受到越来越多的关注。文中以北京北站改造工程站台无柱雨棚为例,根据现场条件和工期要求,介绍了大跨度张弦钢桁架滑移施工方法、预应力钢索张拉施工工艺过程中的几个问题与处理方法。     

Physical–biological coupling in spore dispersal of kelp forest macroalgae

The physical–biological linkages controlling the dispersal of spores produced by macroalgae that reside in kelp forests are complicated and laced with feedbacks. Here we discuss the fundamental elements of these interactions. Biological considerations include spore swimming and sinking speeds, their periods of viability in the plankton, and the height of spore release above the seafloor, which together determine the durations over which spores can be swept by horizontal currents before they contact the seafloor. Morphologies and material properties of canopy forming kelps may also influence the drag exerted on passing waters by the kelps, the plants' ability to persist in the face of rapid flows, and thereby the degree to which impinging currents are redirected around, or slowed within, kelp forests. Macroalgal life histories, and the size of spore sources as controlled by the dimensions of kelp forests and the density and fecundity of individuals within them, influence effective dispersal distances as well. Physical considerations encompass the mean speed, direction, and timescales of variability of currents relative to spore suspension times, the interaction of surface gravity waves with currents in producing turbulence in the benthic boundary layer, wind-driven surface mixing, water stratification, and shoreline bathymetry and substratum roughness, all of which can affect the interplay of vertical and horizontal transport of macroalgal spores. Intricate within-forest processes may induce attenuation of current speeds and consequent reductions in seabed shear, along with simultaneous production of small-scale turbulence in kelp wakes. Slower mean currents and smaller eddy scales in turn may attenuate vertical mixing within forests, thus extending spore suspension times. Further complexities likely arise due to changes in the relative rates of horizontal and vertical dispersion, modifications to the overall profiles of vertical mixing, and the creation of fine-scale secondary flows around kelp individuals and substratum features. Under conditions of more rapid currents, submergence of the surface canopy and the establishment of skimming flows at the canopy–fluid interface may introduce additional coherent flow structures that alter rates of fluid exchange to and from the forest. Many of these coupled physical–biological processes are just beginning to be examined in a rigorous fashion in kelp forests, but their potential importance is clear.     

Microphytobenthos biomass at Kerguelen's Land (Subantarctic Indian Ocean): repartition and variability during austral summers

Microphytobenthos biomass has been measured at several coastal sites on the SE of the main island of the Kerguelen Archipelago (Indian Ocean), during several austral summers (1985–1992), using a conventional fluorometric method. Heterogeneity tests, conducted on two different intertidal sites (Port-Aux-Français, PAF; and Port-Raymond, PRA), showed low standard deviations, whereas the mean concentrations were highly different. Pigment concentrations showed a high variability related to the characteristics of the sediments: from low biomass in coarse intertidal sand, submitted to intense scouring (0.32±0.31 μg Chl a g⁻¹ dw, 0.29±0.14 μg Phaeo g⁻¹ dw) to high biomass in intertidal muddy sand in sheltered areas, particularly along estuaries (54 μg Chl a, 15 μg Phaeo g⁻¹ dw at Korrigan). The subtidal muddy sediments under a Macrocystis pyrifera (Linné) and Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso in Choris) belt exhibited high concentrations in phaeopigment (Phaeo) (up to 136±83 μg g⁻¹ dw; PRA), while the concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) was relatively low. The dense macroalgal canopy supports an important epiphytic diatom biomass (mainly the genera Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Grammatophora Ehrenberg), which is sedimenting after degradation and is in part responsible of the high levels of Phaeo in all sediments. Macroalgal debris were observed, but diatom frustules were dominant in most surficial subtidal sediments. A circatidal mud, in the Morbihan Bay, made of a sponge spicule mat (50 m deep; 4.96 μg Chl a g⁻¹ dw), showed a very low Chl a/Phaeo ratio (0.1), while it reached up to 6 in intertidal sand. Surprisingly, a penguin rookery beach, at the east side of Courbet Peninsula, was characterized by a very low biomass (0.07±0.04 μg Chl a g⁻¹ dw), while it was nutrient enriched, particularly with nitrates.In comparison with the data at the similar latitude, but in temperate regions from the Northern Hemisphere, the microphytobenthos biomass, recorded at Kerguelen's Land, exhibited relatively high pigment concentrations, particularly the Phaeo, and supported a dense and diversified subtidal macrofauna composed of polychaetes (particularly Thelepus extensus Hutchings and Glasby), sea urchins, mytillids and gammarids. The exuberant macroalgal canopy, coastal indentations and low tidal amplitude must be in part responsible of these large benthic primary and secondary biomasses.     

High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002

We present the observations from a pair of field experiments at the New England shelfbreak front in June and August of 2002, each consisting of 14 cross-frontal surveys using the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar. Measurements of the front's physical, chemical, and bio-optical characteristics were made at high spatial and temporal resolution. The front, based on water-column hydrographic distributions, was found within a few km of the 200 m isobath during both cruises. We present here composite sections, based on averages of individual sections shifted in space to a common frontal location, of the cross-frontal distributions of these properties as a measure of the mean state of the front in both June and August. The observations show the familiar temperature, salinity, and density distributions of the summertime front, dominated by surface thermal heating. Nutrient and bio-optical distributions show the combined effects of water-mass exchange and biological processes. T, S, silicate, and phosphate distributions are suggestive of cross-frontal exchange of slope- and shelf waters, although transport mechanisms and pathways are not apparent. These properties, along with nitrate and optical measures of the suspended particle distributions, show vertical displacements of isopleths as the front is approached: property contours slope upwards toward the front from the shoreward side, and downwards toward the front from the seaward side. Again, actual water-movement pathways are not constrained by these suggestive patterns. Bio-optical distributions show elevated indicators of photosynthetic efficiency both seaward and shoreward of the front, but the front itself is a minimum in biomass. Accumulation of photosynthetic biomass appears to be controlled primarily by nitrate scarcity in waters within and above the pycnocline. At the base of the pycnocline, light limitation appears to be the controlling factor, although the base of the euphotic zone is deeper than the biomass maxima and the base of the pycnocline. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear, but tenuous evidence suggests low stratification at the depth of the 1% light level may not allow phytoplankton to optimize for the low-light, high-nutrient conditions at depth. Cross-frontal differences in nutrient and bio-optical parameters, particularly in August, suggest distinct phytoplankton assemblages, and the presence of calcite-forming or nitrogen fixing groups to the community structure, especially in very shallow waters across the front and in pycnocline waters seaward of the front.     

面向复杂装备AR辅助维修的混合跟踪技术研究

装备维修是生产制造、作业运转的基础,特别是在船舶、航空等领域。由于在维修过程中装备结构复杂、维修人员经验技术不足和缺少直观维修手段导致容易导致维修效率低下和操作出错。因此,通过研究基于增强现实的装备维修方案,直观交互地进行维修作业,能够有效地提升维修的质量和效率。由于装备体型较大,结构复杂,给跟踪定位带来了新的困难,针对实际的工程需求,创新性地将主流方法进行结合,提出了多Marker和ORB-SLAM混合跟踪的方法。通过二次调整多Marker定位结果的动态权值,提高局部定位维修的精度和可靠性。分析比较现有的特征点算法,选择ORB-SLAM作为方案,实现全局的定位和导航,对维修过程给以指导,并设计开发装备诱导维修系统,为大型复杂设备地维修提供了通用解决方案。     

多因素数学模型在温州瓯江口浅滩围涂工程研究中的应用

建立了波浪、潮流、盐度、悬沙、底床冲淤等多种因素数学模型,在模型验证的基础上,对瓯江口温州浅滩围涂工程海区的波浪场、潮流场、盐度场、悬沙场、底床冲淤场进行了数值模拟研究,对温州浅滩围涂工程对瓯江泄洪、瓯江南北口分流比、乐清湾养殖业、瓯江口港口航道及状元岙深水区、南口口外滩地的影响进行了分析论证。分析研究结果表明,温州浅滩围涂工程是可行的。     

澜沧江-湄公河航道哈乐滩碍航特性及整治措施

澜沧江-湄公河航道上哈乐滩具有弯、浅、险、窄、急等特点。根据现场调查资料,结合数学模型计算结果,分析了哈乐滩成滩原因及碍航特性。哈乐滩右岸楠罗河山洪冲出的石块及大卵石堆积在溪口形成冲洪积扇,近年来冲积扇发育,进一步侵占河床泄水断面,同时岸线凹凸不平,导致滩险上段水流弯曲,中段坡陡流急,船舶枯水上滩困难。针对哈乐滩滩险成因及碍航特点,提出炸礁和修筑整治建筑物结合的措施,解决滩险碍航问题。     

Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems

The effects of variability in environmental conditions on species composition in benthic ecosystems are well established, but relatively little is known about how environmental variability relates to ecosystem functioning. Benthic invertebrate assemblages are heavily involved in the maintenance of ecological processes and investigation of the biological characteristics (traits) expressed in these assemblages can provide information about some aspects of functioning. The aim of this study was to establish and explore relationships between environmental variability and biological traits expressed in megafauna assemblages in two UK regions. Patterns of trait composition were matched to environmental conditions and subsets of variables best describing these patterns determined. The nature of the relationships were subsequently examined at two separate scales, both between and within the regions studied. Over the whole area, some traits related to size, longevity, reproduction, mobility, flexibility, feeding method, sociability and living habit were negatively correlated with salinity, sea surface temperature, annual temperature range and the level of fishing effort, and positively associated with fish taxon richness and shell content of the substratum. Between the two regions, reductions in temperature range and shell content were associated with infrequent relative occurrences of short-lived, moderately mobile, flexible, solitary, opportunistic, permanent-burrow dwelling fauna and those exhibiting reproductive strategies based on benthic development. Relationships between some traits and environmental conditions diverged within the two regions, with increases in fishing effort and shell content of the substratum being associated with low frequencies of occurrence of moderately mobile and moderately to highly flexible fauna within one region, but high frequencies in the other. These changes in trait composition have implications for ecosystem processes, with, for example, reductions in permanent-burrow dwellers within one of the regions potentially compromising the ability of the assemblages to process and store chemicals and waste products. However, the connections between environmental conditions and trait composition are complex and incorporate many factors. Experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the extent and consequences of these important relationships.     

防波堤及护岸越浪研究综述

近年来防波堤越浪方面的相关研究,分别在越浪影响因素、越浪量计算公式推导论证、越浪数值模拟与越浪量标准4个方面进行归纳总结.已有成果表明:1)越浪影响因素的研究多是集中于常规因素,包括波高周期,堤顶高程,坡肩宽度,护面块体,而对水流、风速、波浪谱以及水的性质等其他因素研究相对较少;2)越浪量计算公式研究中主要集中在影响越...