静水压力下具有轴对称初始缺陷圆柱壳承载能力研究

文章针对含有轴对称初始缺陷和局部轴对称凹陷的圆柱壳在静水压力下的稳定承载能力问题进行了研究。通过一种数值计算方法,给出了初始缺陷幅值、壳体半径与厚度比、壳体长度、局部凹陷长度及位置对静水压力下圆柱壳屈曲临界压力的影响。并针对不同缺陷幅值对圆柱壳的刚度进行折减,给出了初始缺陷幅值与刚度折减系数的关系。研究结果表明,对于轴对称初始缺陷对圆柱壳稳定承载能力的影响,本质上是降低圆柱壳轴向弯曲刚度和轴向的薄膜刚度从而造成圆柱壳稳定承载能力的下降,因此针对轴对称初始缺陷可以增加纵筋提高其弯曲刚度,增加稳定承载能力。     

On the collapse of thick-walled pipes with corrosion defects under external pressure

Corrosion defect is considered to be one of the major critical damages of subsea pipelines, which can result in a considerable loss in the collapse capacity of thick-walled pipes in deep waters. In this paper, collapse experiments on 13 small-scale seamless steel tubes with varying sizes of elliptical and rectangular corrosion defects were carried out in a sealed hyperbaric chamber. The collapse pressure and deformed configurations were obtained, with four types of collapse trajectories identified. A numerical framework was established to simulate the collapse event using ABAQUS, and decent consistency of the collapse pressure and collapsed configurations was observed between numerical and experimental results. Then, the collapse pressure of thick-walled pipes with a single elliptical corrosion defect was studied parametrically, covering different defect sizes, geometric characteristics, and material properties. Based on the extensive numerical analysis, a reasonable empirical formula was developed to estimate the collapse pressure of thick-walled steel pipes with various elliptical corrosion defects and material properties.     

静水压力下圆柱壳结构屈曲机理分析

针对静水压力下圆柱壳结构的屈曲机理问题,将圆柱壳的结构刚度分为薄膜刚度和弯曲刚度,分析了具有完整刚度下圆柱壳的失稳压力,并与已有的理论进行了比较,验证了方法的可靠性。通过消除圆柱壳结构各部分薄膜刚度获得了消除刚度后的临界屈曲载荷,分析了各部分薄膜刚度对静水压力下圆柱壳承载能力的影响,结果表明,静水压力下圆柱壳屈曲的原因是结构周向薄膜刚度的减少。     

环肋圆柱壳结构焊接残余应力和变形的数值模拟

旨在评估环形加筋圆柱壳的复杂焊接残余应力及其对结构振动特性的影响等。

首先,采用二氧化碳气保焊实现环形加筋圆柱壳的焊接,使用非破坏性的X（XRD）测量关键区域焊接后以及退火热处理后的焊接纵向残余应力。其次,通过高效的热−弹−塑性有限元计算,分析焊接过程中的温度场和残余应力,并研究移动体热源和固定热源模型对焊接模拟结果的影响。最后,在自由状态下测试环形加筋圆柱壳焊接后以及退火热处理后的结构振动特性,并通过有限元法预测结构振动模态及其固有频率。

基于试验测量、焊接热−弹−塑性以及结构模态有限元计算,得到了环形加筋圆柱壳热处理前后的残余应力和振动特性。

固定热源模型可以高效地预测环形加筋圆柱壳的热力学响应,预测的焊接残余应力与测量结果基本一致;退火热处理工艺可以有效消除焊接残余拉应力,且焊接残余应力对环形加筋圆柱壳的振动特性影响甚微。

     

Numerical investigation on the ultimate strength of stiffened cylindrical shells considering residual stresses and shakedown

In this paper, the effects of residual stresses on the ultimate strength of stiffened cylinders are numerically investigated with an emphasis on shakedown which might occur during the service of these structures. Residual stresses caused by two types of actions, namely, cold bending and welding, are simulated with simplified approaches in numerical analysis. Cold bending stresses are simulated by simulating cold rolling and elastic springback until the desired curvature for cylindrical shell is obtained. Welding is simulated by applying cooling down to a certain temperature on the elements adjacent to stiffener-shell joints to obtain weld-shrinkage with realistic magnitudes. Six small-scale externally pressurized ring-stiffened cylinder models are utilized to evaluate the appropriateness of the method for inclusion of welding residual stresses in numerical analysis by comparing the experimental and numerical results. Ultimate strength analyses are then performed for a reference ring-stiffened cylinder model under radial pressure and stringer-stiffened cylinder under axial loading. To assess the effect of shakedown, after applying cyclic compressive loading to the ring-stiffened cylinder model, the level of stress relief and the change in the ultimate strength are evaluated.     

内压对锥柱耐压壳焊接残余应力影响的数值模拟与试验研究

耐压结构在使用前一般都要进行内压试验,经过内压试验后结构的焊接残余应力会发生改变。残余应力的变化会对结构的力学特性有一定影响。文章首先运用ANSYS的APDL语言编写了大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型焊接残余应力数值模拟程序,对耐压结构的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后残余应力的变化进行计算;然后,采用X射线无损检测方法对该大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后的残余应力进行测量。计算结果与试验结果表明,随着内压增加,内壳残余拉应力不断降低;而外壳残余压应力则变化不大;并且数值模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。该文研究结果为更加合理可靠地进行耐压结构力学特性分析提供了理论依据。     

Numerical investigation of the collapse pressure of concentric tubes with frictionless and tied interface

The understanding and study of the mechanical behavior of submarine pipes have significant relevance in ocean exploration, allowing the application of these structures in adverse conditions. In this sense, protecting the tube's internal surface is vital for the transportation of corrosive materials, threatening structural integrity. Usually, the external surface is at constant hydrostatic pressure, leading to possible structural failure if the project does not consider all failure modes. Within the framework of Metallurgically Cladded Pipes (MCP) and Mechanically Lined Pipes (MLP), Corrosion-Resistant Alloys (CRAs) are inserted in the internal surface of pipelines. However, they are not typically deemed in the structural analysis as an integrant part of the mechanical resistance for the external load. This work presents an initial analytical proposal to calculate the collapse pressure of concentric tubes incorporating the rigidity provided by the CRA. Tied or frictionless numerical models are assumed to describe the interaction between the two bodies at the interface region. These two scenarios establish the upper and lower boundaries for cases where friction is part of the problem. The methodology applies a least-square minimization function based on nonlinear finite element simulations to extract analytical expressions that estimate the collapse pressure. An effort is made to reduce the number of sensitive parameters involved in the analytical proposals and minimize the complexity of the formulation. This process allows the analyst to visualize which parameters are more relevant in various scenarios. Nevertheless, the main goal is to evaluate how the variables are coupled and develop a methodology that can be adapted to reproduce the analyst's necessities.     

外压法调整耐压球壳焊接残余应力的 数值模拟与试验研究

深海耐压球壳经过外压作用后结构的焊接残余应力会发生改变,文章首先运用ANSYS的APDL语言编写了深海耐压球壳人孔区域焊接残余应力数值模拟程序,对耐压球壳的初始残余应力和经过外压试验后的残余应力的变化进行计算;然后,对加工完成的试验模型采用X射线无损检测方法对该深海耐压球壳人孔区域的初始残余应力和经过外压试验后的残余应力进行测量。数值模拟结果与试验结果表明两者基本吻合;随着外压增加,最大残余拉应力和压应力都不断减小。该文研究结果为合理运用外压法调整焊接残余应力提供了依据。     

Study on dented hemispheres under external hydrostatic pressure

This paper is dedicated to the comprehensive investigation on dented hemispheres under external hydrostatic pressure. A total of 20 stainless steel hemispheres are fabricated, which have a nominal radius of 60 mm and a nominal wall thickness of 0.76 mm. These fabricated hemispheres are divided into four groups with five samples in each group. Wherein, three groups are dented using conical, spherical, and cylindrical indenters respectively, while the remaining group is designated as undented one. Both dented and undented hemispheres are hydrostatically tested into collapse to examine the effects of indention on the collapse characteristics of hemispheres. Additionally, all tested hemispheres are semi-analytically and numerically evaluated based on the measured geometric data and tested material properties. The experimental, semi-analytical, and numerical results are compared in figures and tables.     

焊接残余应力对环肋圆柱壳水下声辐射影响研究

文章重点研究了焊接残余应力对环肋圆柱壳水下声辐射的影响。通过运用热弹塑性有限元法数值模拟环肋圆柱壳对接焊接过程,得到厚板环形焊缝的三维残余应力场和应变场,然后对含有残余应力的环肋圆柱壳动力特性进行研究,并运用有限元法和边界元法分析了低频激励下其水下声辐射的特点。研究结果表明焊接残余应力对环肋圆柱壳声辐射有较明显的影响,不仅使声辐射功率曲线和外场声压曲线向低频移动,而且使在大部分激励频率上含有焊接残余应力结构的声辐射功率和外场声压均大于无焊接残余应力结构。     

锥柱耐压壳高强度钢典型焊接接头残余应力研究

锥柱耐压壳常采用高强度钢建造,高强度钢对焊接残余应力较为敏感,因此有必要针对耐压结构典型焊接接头的残余应力进行研究。本文基于热弹塑性相关理论,采用Ansys的APDL语言编制焊接残余应力数值模拟程序。研究板厚、板宽、锥角以及焊接速度、焊喉温度对典型焊接接头轴向焊接残余应力的影响。研究表明:锥柱耐压壳凹面焊趾附近区域残余拉应力较大,应作为疲劳强度研究的重点区域。板厚和焊喉温度对残余拉应力的影响较残余压应力大;板宽和锥角对残余拉、压应力影响均较大。本文的研究可以控制焊接残余应力和优化焊接加工工艺,并为后续耐压结构疲劳强度的研究奠定相关理论基础。     

焊接残余变形对深海耐压环肋圆柱壳稳定性的影响

焊接残余变形对深海耐压环肋圆柱壳结构的稳定性是否有影响是个非常值得关注的问题.文章对深海耐压环肋圆柱壳结构的焊接残余变形和残余应力进行了分析,并进行了相关试验数据验证.由于耐压结构壳体和肋骨的焊接残余应力相对偏小,然后着重研究残余变形对深海耐压环肋圆柱壳结构的稳定性和极限承载能力的影响.结果表明:焊接残余变形对耐压舱段结构的稳定性和极限承载能力影响不大;叠加有初始焊接变形的结构肋骨失稳波形较少;计算结果更偏于工程实际.     

潜艇结构的焊接残余应力研究现状

潜艇结构在焊接过程中产生的残余应力是关系到结构安全的重要指标.由于焊接是一个涉及到热、力、冶金等多学科的极为复杂的过程,要对其进行准确预测十分困难.本文首先对与潜艇相关的厚板、环焊缝和压力容器焊接残余应力的技术现状及存在的主要问题进行论述;然后介绍潜艇焊接残余应力的试验和模拟;并对残余应力影响潜艇结构疲劳强度和稳定性以及潜艇结构残余应力消除技术等方面进行了详细论述和总结;最后指出了一些尚待进一步研究的问题.     

Stability characteristics of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells under different longitudinal and transverse external pressures

Because ring-stiffened cylindrical shell structures have many merits, they are widely used in many areas. However, as the strength of steel increase continuously, ensuring of the structure stability is becoming more and more important. Therefore, it is necessary to carry on a more particular analysis. Based on the understanding and analysis of the characteristics of stability for a ring-stiffened cylindrical shell under uniform external pressure and under external single pressure, the characteristics under different cross uniform external pressures are analyzed, and the regularity of it is also gotten. The curve of stability given various geometrical parameters under different cross uniform external pressures is protracted by the analysis of the theory. The conclusion not only improves the theory structural mechanics, it also was important effects on engineering calculation and design.     

Influence of boundary conditions on the collapse behaviour of stiffened panels under combined loads

A series of finite element analyses are conducted to investigate the influence of boundary conditions and geometry of the model on the predicted collapse behaviour of stiffened panels. Periodic and symmetric boundary conditions in the longitudinal direction are used to calculate the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under combined biaxial thrust and lateral pressure. The calculated ultimate strength of stiffened panels are compared with those by different FEM (finite element method) code and are assessed. The periodic boundary condition in the longitudinal direction for two spans or bays model provides an appropriate modelling to a continuous stiffened panel and can consider both odd and even number of half waves and thus, is considered to introduce the smaller model uncertainty for the analysis of a continuous stiffened panel.     

半圆环壳型肋骨加强的耐压圆柱壳结构稳定性研究

耐压圆柱壳通常采用环肋加强以提高在静水外压作用下的结构稳定性.本文提出了半圆环壳型肋骨加强的耐压圆柱壳结构形式,在理论和模型试验研究的基础上建立了设计计算方法.研究结果表明:半圆环壳型肋骨与耐压壳板有两个连接点,减小了相邻两肋之间的净距离,能较大幅度地提高肋间壳板的稳定性;由于半圆环壳型肋骨侧向稳定性较大,合理设计半圆环壳半径和厚度,增加半圆环面内惯性矩,可以较大幅度地提高耐压壳总体失稳压力.     

An overview of buckling and ultimate strength of spherical pressure hull under external pressure

The load-carrying capability of spherical shells under external pressure has been the subject of a long history and many theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out. However, from a comparative study on the design rules for the minimum thickness of the deep manned spherical shells from various classification societies, significant differences have been found. This indicates that these design rules need to be updated and unified like Common Structural Rules for tankers and bulk carriers. In order to lay a foundation for this target, a systematic study is carried out to develop a consistent calculation method for predicting the ultimate strength of spherical pressure hull under external pressure. This is the first paper of a series of three for reporting this study and in this paper, a critical review on the buckling and ultimate strength of spherical pressure hulls is carried out and further problems to be studied are identified. This could lay a solid foundation for the further study.     

圆柱壳仅受轴向均匀外压的总稳定性分析

环肋圆柱壳存在异常特性。在异常特性区间内,其总失稳临界压力取决于仅受轴向均匀外压环肋圆柱壳的失稳临界压力。通过理论计算,揭示了环肋圆柱壳仅受轴向均于外压的失稳性质与光圆柱壳几乎一致。纵横加筋圆柱壳仅受轴向均匀外压下的失稳临界压力随肋骨尺寸或纵骨尺寸的增加而增大,随舱室长度的减小呈现先增大后减小再增大的反复递增规律。提高环肋圆柱壳在异常特性区间的失稳临界压力的有效方法是增设纵骨。     

均布外压下复合材料球壳脱层跳跃屈曲研究

本文提出了一种研究均布外压下复合材料球壳内表面薄层脱层屈曲特性的理论方法,基于弹性相似性原理建立了复合材料球壳受压内表面脱层跳跃屈曲的模型,采用非线性大挠度理论建立了脱层屈曲的控制方程,分别研究了初始状态含脱层和不含脱层的复合材料球壳的脱层屈曲特性,得到了两种情况下脱层屈曲临界载荷的表达式,讨论了脱层厚度、脱层位置、脱层大小对脱层临界屈曲载荷的影响。结果表明:对于初始状态靠近内表面存在脱层的复合材料球壳,如果脱层厚度很薄,在压力达到一定值时,内表面的脱层区域将发生跳跃屈曲,其屈曲的挠度远远大于脱层的厚度,屈曲的临界载荷随脱层大小的增大而增大,且与脱层厚度几乎成正比;对于初始状态不含脱层的受压复合材料球壳,在靠近其内表面区域存在一个位置,其对应的脱层屈曲临界载荷为最小,最有可能脱离球壳整体,发生跳跃屈曲;如果层间强度不足,该脱层还有可能进一步地扩展,从而导致薄层大面积地脱离整体,降低结构刚度。