A land use and transportation integration method for land use allocation and transportation strategies in China

In this paper, we will first review literature of the land use and transportation interaction and then develop a new land use allocation methodology called Three Stages-Two-Feedback Method (Integration Method) for both land use allocation and the transportation policy options with a practical implementation. Then we apply this method in an urban general planning project in China with more than 1.2 million populations. In this project, we evaluated three land use allocation strategies and three transportation policy options using two application tools (with and without feedbacks) using this method implemented in a land use planning system UPlan and a transportation planning system Emme. The results show that the use of the feedback method (Application Two) results in a vehicle distance reduction and the increase in the service coverage area of transit bus stops at the same time. Due to the use of transportation accessibility and the congestion measures with a MSA implementation, the accessibility measure shows a convergent process over iterations. This nice feature can be used for alternative comparisons. Future research subjects are also discussed.     

陈锁祥:城乡交通一体化星火燎原

城乡交通一体化的初步成效 记者:您曾经参与并组织过多项交通发展战略的制定工作,能否介绍其中比较有影响力的项目.     

Highway and transportation planning in England

This article presents an overview of highway and transportation planning in England. It covers the division of responsibilities between central and local government; the organisation of the Department of Transport; the planning, financing and implementation of road schemes, both local and national. A very brief review of transport legislation is included.NOTE: This paper was printed before the UK General Election of May 1979. The Department of Transport is now responsible to the Minister of Transport. The Minister has similar responsibilities to those previously exercised by the Secretary of State for Transport as referred to in this paper. The views expressed in this paper are those of the writer and are not necessarily those of the Department of Transport.     

Intelligent agents in traffic and transportation

Transportation Research, Part C is a forum designed to serve as a focus for new efforts and achievements in traffic research. While its past issues have been a fertile ground for new scientific concepts and paradigms it is the appropriate international scientific platform to recognize the importance of agent technologies for the traffic research community. Thus I am very glad to follow Leighton Chipperfield’s (Social Science Department of Elsevier Science, Oxford, UK) invitation to be the guest editor for this special issue of Transportation Research, Part C.     

Provision of accessible transportation alternatives for the transportation handicapped in Taiwan

Four transportation handicapped groups are identified in Taiwan (impaired ambulation, visually impaired, aged, and others) and nine accessible transportation alternatives are proposed. The costs and potential ridership for these nine alternatives in the Taipei area are estimated. Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and multicriteria evaluation with qualitative and quantitative data (MEQQD) methods, the most appropriate accessible transportation alternatives for each of the four handicap groups are selected. It is found that the best accessible transportation alternative for the impaired ambulation, the aged, and others would be a demand-responsive lift-equipped specialized van, while half-fare subsidized taxi would be the second-best option. By contrast, the best alternative for the visually impaired would be half-fare subsidized taxi, while conventional bus with broadcast equipment would be the second-best choice.     

Price and frequency competition in freight transportation

This paper develops a simple analytical model of price and frequency competition among freight carriers. In the model, the full price faced by a shipper (a goods producer) includes the actual shipping price plus an inventory holding cost, which is inversely proportional to the frequency of shipments offered by the freight carrier. Taking brand loyalty on the part of shippers into account, competing freight carriers maximize profit by setting prices, frequencies and vehicle carrying capacities. Assuming tractable functional forms, long- and short-run comparative-static results are derived to show how the choice variables are affected by the model’s parameters. The paper also provides an efficiency analysis, comparing the equilibrium to the social optimum, and it attempts to explain the phenomenon of excess capacity in the freight industry.     

Railway transportation and environmental efficiency in China

Railway is one of the most efficient and environmental-friendly ways to transport people and goods. High-speed railway has been developing rapidly and the railway mileage has increased by 21.18% in China during the period of 2006–2011 and thus it is interesting to evaluate whether the railway transportation has reduced the environmental impact of transport in China. In this paper, we first use a non-radial DEA under managerial disposability to measure the environmental efficiency of 30 regions in China; then we propose a panel beta regression with fixed effects to model the impact of railway transportation on environmental efficiency. The results indicate that the environmental efficiency slowly increased during 2006–2011 and it exhibits regional disparities with the eastern area having the highest environmental efficiency and the western area being the lowest one; Moreover, we also find a significant positive impact of railway transportation on higher environmental efficiency.     

Exploring transportation equity: Development and application of a transportation justice framework

Recent efforts to emphasize social equity in transportation are emerging as local, regional and national governments have set initiatives to identify, existing and potential, disproportionate impacts to low-income and minority populations, also referred to as transportation justice (TJ). Currently, there are suggested methods for identifying transportation justice areas; however, there is no streamlined method instituted across transportation agencies. Each jurisdiction identifies transportation justice (or environmental justice) areas based on their own methodology, typically based on either average regional thresholds, graduated thresholds, or a more unique in-house index methodology. This research explores and evaluates existing methods and develops a rigorous and comprehensive method called the Transportation Justice Threshold Index Framework (TJTIF) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as well as factors based on demographics, socio-economics, and transportation/land use. The framework is applied to a case study region in Pennsylvania reflective of the Marcellus Shale impact area, highlighting Sullivan County, PA. The methodology and the case study application serve as an example for how transportation agencies throughout the country can promote social sustainability and enhance transportation equity.     

Incorporating sustainability assessment in transportation planning: an urban transportation vehicle-based approach

Environmental assessments are on the critical path for the development of land, infrastructure and transportation systems. These assessments are based on planning methods which, in turn, are subject to continuous enhancement. The substantial impacts of transportation on environment, society and economy strongly urge the incorporation of sustainability into transportation planning. Two major developments that enhance transportation sustainability are new fuels and vehicle power systems. Traditional planning ignores technology including the large differences among conventional, hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles and buses. The introduction of alternative fuel vehicles is likely to change the traditional transportation planning process because different characteristics need to be taken into account. In this study a sustainability framework is developed that enables assessment of transportation vehicle characteristics. Identified indicators are grouped in five sustainability dimensions (Environment, Technology, Energy, Economy and Users). Our methodology joins life cycle impacts and a set of quantified indicators to assess the sustainability performance of seven popular light-duty vehicles and two types of transit buses. Bus Rapid Transit receives the highest sustainability index and the pickup truck the lowest. Hybrid electric vehicles are found to have the highest sustainability index among all other passenger vehicles. A sensitivity analysis shows the proposed sustainability dimensions produce robust sustainability assessment for several weighting scenarios. The results are both technology and policy sensitive, thus useful for both short- and long-term planning.     

道路运输企业发展甩挂运输的效益研究

甩挂运输是一种先进的运输组织方式,是提高道路运输效率的重要手段,对于促进节能减排,推动道路运输业的发展具有重要意义。本文针对某一具体甩挂运输企业构建数学模型并从固定成本、变动成本两个方面对其进行经济效益评价,从油耗、二氧化碳排放量和污染物排放量三个方面进行节能减排评价,进而论证得出了甩挂运输具有提高经济效益和节能减排的优势。     

Incorporating uncertainty and risk in transportation investment decision-making

This paper presents a framework for addressing uncertainty and risk for large-scale transportation investments involving public–private participation. Demand, fare/toll and demand responsive costs are considered in the uncertainty analysis. Uncertainty analysis provides information on economic feasibility of the project. A set of relaxation policies is proposed to form various Ownership, Tenure and Governance (OTG) strategies reflecting the nature and level of participation by the public and private entity. A Monte Carlo Simulation-based Value at Risk is used to quantify risk. Finally, a methodology is proposed to integrate uncertainty and risk. The framework is tested on the proposed multibillion dollar Detroit River International Crossing connecting the cities of Detroit in the USA with Windsor in Canada. The analysis provides insights to probable outcomes for this transportation infrastructure investment under different OTG scenarios.     

Gateway diversity and competition in international air transportation

Because of the existence of limited designation gateways, i.e., gateways for international air travel where entry by U.S. flag carriers is limited (in many cases to only one carrier), the U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) has announced a policy of gateway competition. This policy seeks to maximize inter-gateway competition as a goal of the carrier selection process. The paper reviews the rationale and history of this policy and the economic principles of gateway competition. After addressing exceptions where gateway competition does not enhance competitive goals, the issue of how to enforce the credibility of the bidding process in route awards is addressed. The paper concludes by identifying circumstances where competitive objectives are not advanced through application of the principle gateway competition.     

Active transportation and physical activity: opportunities for collaboration on transportation and public health research

Physically inactive lifestyles are a major public health challenge, and research in the transportation field on influences on the choice to walk and bike may provide guidance toward solutions. In the interests of promoting effective collaboration among the transportation, planning, and health fields, the current paper was written to fulfill three purposes. The first purpose was to summarize the transportation and planning studies on the relation between community design and non-motorized (“active”) transport and to interpret these studies from a health perspective. The second purpose was to summarize studies from the health literature that examine the relation between physical environmental variables and leisure-time physical activity that have relevance for transportation research. The third purpose was to promote more collaboration among transportation, planning, and health investigators by identifying opportunities for transdisciplinary research.     

Testing the dogit model with aggregate time-series and cross-sectional travel data

This paper compares dogit and logit specifications of market share models, taking into account the possibility that conclusions might depend on transformations of the explanatory variables of these models. Parameter estimates are obtained both for a time-series urban transit mode of payment model and for a cross-sectional intercity mode choice model. It is demonstrated, using current maximum likelihood techniques extended to take multiple-order autocorrelation of the residuals into account, that the dogit specification is at least equal to, and sometimes clearly superior to, the logit specification irrespective of transformations of explanatory variables.