Convective Boiling of Near-Azeotropic Refrigerant R410A in the Horizontal Micro-fin Tube

Using near-azeotropic refrigerant R410A as the working fluid, the experimental studies on the horizontal micro-fin tubes were conducted. Several factors affecting heat transfer coefficients were analyzed, and the characteristics of flow boiling of the refrigerant in the horizontal micro-fin tubes were discussed. The local heat transfer coefficients increase with mass flux, heat flux and quality. And the heat transfer enhancement factor of those testing tubes is about 1.6 to 2.2.     

Integrated fluid-thermal-structural numerical analysis for the quenching of metallic components

The quenching of a metal component with a channel section in a water tank is numerically simulated. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to model the multiphase flow and the heat transfer in film boiling, nucleate boiling and convective cooling processes to calculate the difference in heat transfer rate around the component and then combining with the thermal simulation and structure analysis of the component to study the effect of heat transfer rate on the distortion of the U-channel component. A model is also established to calculate the residual stress produced by quenching. The coupling fluid-thermal-structural simulation provides an insight into the deformation of the component and can be used to perform parameter analysis to reduce the distortion of the component.     

Effect of Header Configuration on Refrigerant Distribution in Parallel Flow Microchannel Evaporators

The refrigerant flow distribution in the parallel flow microchannel evaporators is experimentally investigated to study the effect of header configuration.Six different configurations are tested in the same evaporator by installing insertion device and partition plate in the header to ensure the consistency of the other structure parameters.The results show that the uniformity of refrigerant flow distribution and the heat transfer rate are greatly improved by reducing the sectional area of header.The heat transfer rate can increase by 67.93% by reducing the sectional area of both inlet and outlet headers.The uniformity of refrigerant flow distribution and the heat transfer rate become worse after installing the partition plate in the insertion devices and changing the inner structure of the header further.     

INFLUENCE OF REFRIGERANT DISTRIBUTION ON HEAT TRANSFER IN EVAPORATORS

Invaporcompressionrefrigerationsystem ,adryexpansionevaporatorwithlargecoolingcapacityisusu allydividedintoseveralparallelcoilstoenhancetheheattransferanddecreasethepressuredrop .Itishelpfulthattherefrigerantvapourandliquidaremixedhomoge neouslyinadistributorinstalledattheinletoftheevap oratorandthendistributedintoevaporatorcoilsequally .Inpractice ,however ,theinadequatedesignandmanu factureofdistributorsalwayscauseinsufficientmixingandunequaldistributionoftherefrigerant.Inthiscasethethermost…     

回热器对跨临界CO2热泵系统性能的影响

为了研究跨临界CO2热泵热水系统中,回热器传热面积对系统性能的影响,在不同的制冷剂充注量条件下实验研究了CO2热泵系统的性能.实验中,通过调节变频压缩机频率与电子膨胀阀开启度,保持了一定的制热量与蒸发器出口过热度.实验结果表明:在最佳制冷剂充注量条件下,随着回热器传热面积的增加,压缩机的压缩比下降,排气温度与吸气温度上升.采用回热器可以提高系统的最大制热系数,当回热器的无量纲传热面积为0.2时,可使最大制热系数提高约3.2%～5.1%.     

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Enhancement of Natural Circulation Liquid Cooling System for Electronic Component

NomenclatureH :height of condenser above the evaporatorlevel( m)h:heightof FC- 72 filled in the testloop( m)q:heat flux based on projected surface area( W/cm2 )q CHF:critical heat flux( W/cm2 )Tc:cooling water temperature(°C)Ts:saturation temperature(°C)Tw:wall temperature(°C)ΔTsat:wall superheat( K)ΔTsub:liquid subcooling( K)W:flow rate of FC- 72 ( g/min)z:height of liquid in the downcomer( m)IntroductionDirect or indirect liquid cooling with phase-change by use of dielectric liq…     

车辆通风式制动盘内部通道对流换热研究综述

总结了通风式制动盘内部通道对流换热的研究成果,从内部通道的质量流量、对流换热系数和有效散热表面积三方面,分析了不同结构设计对制动盘内部通道换热的影响;从解析法、数值分析法和试验测试法三方面,综述了国内外在对流换热分析和检测方法的研究概况。研究结果表明:在径向叶片制动盘通道内,主要存在2种流动方式,由紧邻叶片吸力侧气流分离引起的回流和在径向通道内部旋转的二次流,抑制回流区的形成可以提高泵送空气质量流量,使通道内的温度分布更加均匀,二次流将促进通道间的空气混合流动和湍流的发展,加强局部剪切应力,改善制动盘散热性能;综合应用射流冲击强化方式(多束流、旋流和多方向射流等)、高孔隙率和类柱状结构优化设计也能够改变流体在通道中的流动状态,这些措施都会使得通道内流体扰动增大,热边界层变薄,壁面附近的速度梯度增大,有效提高了制动盘的对流换热系数,增强了散热能力;采用解析法和数值分析法得到的结果具有很强的理论参考价值,而采用试验测试法所获得的结果更加接近制动盘实际内部温度和气体流速的变化,因此,若能将三者无缝结合,实现优势互补,则最具有科学研究价值;在对高速车辆制动盘结构进行优化设计时,为了获得最大的散热效率,往往忽略了通道内摩擦压降和流动阻力,因此,如何平衡散热与摩擦压降、流动阻力之间的关系,还需进一步深入探索与研究。      

机车滚动试验台机械同步力矩的计算分析

机车滚动试验台以轨道轮模拟钢轨，必须解决同步问题。本文对采用机械同步机构的试验台与机车构成的机电系统进行力学和电学的综合分析，寻求产生同步力矩的各种因素，引入不均度的概念，推导了最大同步力矩的计算方法，以此作为机械设计及电路调整中的参考依据。     

Two-phase flow pressure drop of liquid nitrogen boiling in the straight section downstream of U-bend

The gas-liquid(two-phase) flow pressure drop of liquid nitrogen boiling in the straight section downstream of U-bend is investigated experimentally. The mass flux ranges from 32 to 280 kg/(m2· s). The inlet pressure of U-tube is from 140 to 272 kPa. And the curvature ratio is from 6.67 to 15. The tube wall including the U-bend is heated uniformly and the heat flux ranges from 0 to 22 kW/m2. The tube with higher inlet pressure has higher pressure drop in the downstream section of the bend. The bended degree of the U-bend influences the pressure drop in the downstream straight section of U-bend. A new correlation taking the effect of the secondary flow into account is proposed for the two-phase slip speed ratio. The pressure drop in the straight section downstream of U-bend calculated by the new correlation agrees well with experimental measurements.     

船舶空调系统回收柴油机缸套水余热的可行性研究

在对船舶柴油机余热应用分析的基础上,提出船舶空调系统有效回收柴油机缸套水余热的观点,利用缸套水余热给船舶空调进风进行制热或制冷,以实现船舶节能的目的。空调制热工况下,柴油机缸套水余热经过圆形翅片管换热器来加热空调进风;制冷工况下,缸套冷却水作为低温热源加热来自工质泵的低沸点制冷剂,采用蒸汽喷射式制冷来实现新风的制冷。     

东风5型内燃机车主发电压及电流采样模拟电路的设计

给出了东风５型内燃机车主发电压电流的一种采样模拟电路，叙述了其工作原理、试验数据及应用结果，采用该模似电路的样机已成功地应用在微机恒功励磁综合试验台上，较好地改善了其测试性能，此电路可以广泛地应用于其它需要模拟发电机电压电流及频率的场合。     

基于120阀仿真的试验台充气检测标准比较分析

铁道部新制动规则要求使用120试验台代替705试验台,两种试验台标准不同,为了提高检修质量有必要研究两种试验标准的对等关系．使用基于气体流动理论的试验台仿真系统,以初充气试验为例,首先通过试验与仿真结果对比证明了仿真结果的可靠性,在此基础上寻找到705试验台边界阀,仿真了该边界阀在120试验台上的性能,找到了两种试验台等效标准．结果表明120试验台副风缸充气标准比705试验台更宽松,会有部分120试验台合格阀在705试验台上不合格．该工作为试验台标准完善提供参考．     

强迫油循环风冷式牵引变压器的动态温度场模型

牵引变压器散热涉及冷却油与绕组的共轭传热和热油在油冷却器的二次散热. 为准确模拟其温度场随时间和空间的变化规律,在一维假设基础上,建立了牵引变压器（含绕组和冷却油）和油冷却器的分布参数模型,并与油泵和管道等集中参数模型耦合,建立了牵引变压器动态温度场数学模型,同时提出了一套数值求解算法;对一台牵引变压器及其散热系统进行动态温升实验,以此检验了模型预测精度. 研究结果表明:模型预测的牵引变压器冷却油温过渡时间（58 min）与实验值（61 min）吻合良好,稳定工作的冷却油和绕组温度与实验值的偏差分别为1.3 ℃和2.5 ℃,可以用于指导牵引变压器散热系统的工程设计及优化.      

在滚动振动试验台上再现轨道实况的一种方法

本文论述了在机车车辆滚动振动试验台上，进行机车车辆整车动态模拟试验的原理及方法，在该试验台上能够再现轨道的横向和垂向随机不平顺，在实验室内真实地模拟了机车车辆线路运行的状态，为进行机车车辆试验研究提供了有效的手段。     

Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of NH_3-H_2O Falling Film Absorption on Inner Tube Surface with Low Solution Flow Rates

NH_3-H_2O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances.The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature(concentration) difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH_3-H_2O absorption process.The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process,which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber.     

船用螺旋隔板换热器的实验与数值模拟

以螺旋隔板换热器作船用润滑油冷却器,冷却水和润滑油分别在管程和壳程呈逆流流动,对船用螺旋隔板三维翅片管换热器的传热与压降性能进行了实验研究,结果表明在壳程雷诺数相同条件下,三维翅片管的壳程努塞尔特准数是光滑管的2.1~2.8倍,而压降约为光滑管的2.2倍.同时,利用Fluent6.3软件对船用螺旋隔板三维翅片管和光滑管换热器的传热与压降性能进行数值模拟,结果表明螺旋流条件下三维翅片管与光滑管相比,具有更大的强化对流传热作用.对于船用螺旋隔板三维翅片管换热器,壳程努塞尔特准数和压降的数值模拟结果与实验计算值吻合良好,最大偏差分别为6.6%和10%.     

头/盘接触状态下润滑剂迁移行为研究

为了提高磁头飞行稳定性,增加硬盘使用寿命,基于分子动力学方法建立了磁头磁盘接触状态下的润滑剂迁移模型.根据硬盘工作时磁头磁盘的相对移动速度及磁头在盘片表面飞行时高、低压区域压力差的范围,采用所建立模型分析了相对移动速度及高、低压区域压力差对润滑剂迁移及在盘片表面分布的影响;此外,通过调节模型中单个润滑剂分子的粒子数得到不同长度的润滑剂分子碎片,并分析润滑剂分子碎片对润滑剂迁移的影响。研究结果表明:磁头磁盘之间的润滑剂转移随着相对移动速度及高、低压区域之间压力差的增大而增大.润滑剂转移量在单位压力及单位速度下的增长率分别约为38.8%和6.7%;润滑剂分子碎片对磁头磁盘之间的润滑剂转移影响很小;润滑剂在盘片表面堆积的高度随着磁头磁盘相对移动速度的增加而降低;高、低压区压力差的变化对润滑剂在盘片表面堆积的高度没有影响.      

过程参数描述的等壁温平行平板间层流对流换热特性

传热过程中的过程参数为傅立叶定律定义的热通量.对等壁温平行平板间层流对流换热进行过程参数描述,揭示了壁面上和流体内部流动速度和速度梯度对对流换热的贡献.结果表明:如果把传热过程以过程参数进行描述可以获得对传热的深刻表述和理解.     

Experimental Study of the Controlling Characteristics of Inverter-Driven Multi-type Air Conditioner

The controlling algorithm was studied for the inverter-driven multi-type air conditioner using electronic expansion valve (EEV) in outdoor unit. The performance of inverter-driven air conditioner with two different units was investigated by varying the outdoor ambient temperature and compressor speed. Based on the test results, the effect of EEV opening on the indoor unit exit superheat was discussed. For the specified outdoor ambient temperature scope and the EEV opening, the superheats of indoor units decrease with the outdoor ambient temperature rising. Improper distribution of refrigerant into each indoor unit will causes excessive superheat difference between two indoor units. Suggestions were then given for the controlling of the superheat.