客滚船开发与设计研究

客滚船(RoPax)是一种兼装滚装货物的客船,除运载旅客外,还运输小汽车、拖车和卡车。阐述了客滚船的设计理念和方法,包括线型设计、总布置设计、滚装设备和主要机电设备配置。供有关设计人员参考。     

中国高端客滚船的市场前景

通过分析中国目前水上客运市场的现状,提出依托中国绵长的海岸线和丰富的旅游资源以及潜在的客户需求,开拓客运市场、开发高端客滚船航线具有广阔的市场前景,并就市场盈利模式进行探讨,最后提出美学设计是高端客滚船设计建造的核心内容之一。     

Sensitivity analysis of the probabilistic damage stability regulations for RoPax vessels

In the light of the newly developed harmonised probabilistic damage stability regulations, set to come into force in 2009, this article presents a systematic and thorough analysis of the sensitivity of the Attained Subdivision Index with reference to a wide range of related design parameters. The sensitivity of the probabilistic regulations was investigated for a typical large RoPax vessel, with variation of parameters, such as the number, positioning and local optimisation of transverse bulkheads; the presence and position of longitudinal bulkheads below the main vehicle deck; the presence of side casings; and the height of the main deck and double bottom. The effects of water on deck and of operational parameters (draught, centre of gravity and trim) were also investigated. The results of the study, presented in graphical form, can provide valuable assistance to the designer when determining subdivision characteristics at the very early stage of the design process, resulting in optimal, efficient and safe ships.     

A critical look at SOLAS CH II-1 with respect to floodable length of compartments in RoPax ships

The paper presents findings of a research project (RP625) funded by the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) with the purpose to provide evidence of equivalence, or lack thereof, between previous and currently in force legislative instruments governing damage stability of RoPax ships, with special focus on inboard spaces with low degree of subdivision, referred as long lower holds (LLH). The outcome of this research brings more clarity and reassurance to the industry and administrations when addressing the specific safety implications of new designs with such large un-subdivided spaces, specifically indicating that the present SOLAS 2009 regulations are able to adequately cater for ship design equipped with LLH.     

Optimization of crashworthy marine structures

History shows that ferry and RoPax collisions with tankers can be devastating for human life. This paper follows up such a scenario to contribute to rational increase of safety of marine structures. Through the coupling of multi-objective structural optimization and crashworthiness analysis, a conventional tanker structure is optimized for higher collision tolerance, accounting for the change in hull mass, so that the increase in safety is efficient. Two new concepts, proposed here, are deemed necessary for the successful execution of this task: a ‘two-stage’ optimization approach, reducing the number of needed collision simulations, and a rapid collision simulation approach that utilizes coarse FE mesh and reduces calculation time. Combining the obtained results with the state-of-the-art knowledge, a new insight about crashworthy design of tanker structures is also realized.     

Impact scenario models for probabilistic risk-based design for ship–ship collision

A number of authors have proposed probabilistic risk based ship design for ship–ship collision, conditional to the local trading area of a vessel. The probability of collision and consequences are determined based on the traffic conditions in which a vessel is expected to operate. This paper investigates the adequacy of currently available models for impact scenarios, i.e. models linking the traffic conditions to the conditions at the moment of collision. An exploratory statistical model is presented to establish such a link. A probabilistic risk based design case study is performed for a fleet of RoPax vessels trading on a specified route in the Gulf of Finland. The available impact scenario models from the literature are compared with the developed probabilistic evasive maneuvering model. The results show that the impact scenario models have a very significant influence to the calculated hull breach probabilities. No well-justified impact scenario models are presently available and also the presented probabilistic evasive maneuvering model is burdened with uncertainty. Hence, to move toward a probabilistic risk based ship design paradigm for ship–ship collision in a local trading area, more focus and research is needed to establish a credible link.     

Influence of different topological variants on optimized structural scantlings of passenger ship

For a multi-deck ships with extensive superstructures (such as passenger and cruise ships, RoPax, mega yachts, etc.) the global structural response can be particularly complex. The influence of the superstructure to the primary strength for those multi-deck ships must be considered from an early design phase. Main global topological parameters (e.g. size of side openings, position and stiffness of longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, etc.) have dominant influence on the shape of hull girder stress distributions over the ship height. The Taguchi concepts and techniques (FFE, orthogonal arrays, ANOVA, etc.) could be used to systematically study influence of multiple topological parameters on the global structural response obtained by FEM analysis. It also enables rational identification of the most dominant parameters and provide designer with the near-optimal level of each topological parameter for the defined design objective. It has been demonstrated how different topological variants can lead to different optimal structural scantlings w. r.t chosen design objectives (mass, VCG, etc.), using simplified full ship 3D FE model of passenger ship as an example. Structural design software MAESTRO and in-house developed framework for the design support system DeMak – OCTOPUS Designer were used as a structural optimization tool. This paper aim to extend the standard scantling optimization by introducing topological aspects as a first STEP in overall optimization procedure.     

Seismic response of subsea structures on caissons and mudmats due to liquefaction

This paper presents a numerical study to investigate the seismic behavior of mudmat and caisson foundations supporting subsea structures, such as manifolds, in liquefiable sand. In seismic areas, substantial earthquake loads can be imparted to subsea structures during ground shaking, threatening their stability. In particular, soil liquefaction in sandy soil arising from strong ground motions could significantly influence the performance of subsea structures founded on liquefiable sand. The results of this study can provide a better understanding of the response of subsea manifolds in liquefiable soil during and after the earthquake. Three-dimensional, non-linear, dynamic analyses are performed using a finite difference scheme, and the ability of the model to reproduce the site response of a saturated sand deposit is assessed using the results of available centrifuge data. This study includes six computational models representing manifolds with different sizes and weights supported by caissons and mudmats in shallow and deep liquefiable sand subjected to moderate and strong earthquake shakings. The response is evaluated in terms of excess pore water pressure generated in the soil medium and displacements of the subsea foundation during and after the shaking. The results show that manifolds may experience considerable movement during liquefaction and post-liquefaction settlements. In addition, depending on the characteristics of the seismic motion and structural system, the manifold could also experience large tilting.     

天津南港航道工程疏浚施工备淤深度研究

以天津南港大航道项目为依托,通过研究航道施工期间的回淤规律,计算并推荐在施工中应预留出的备淤深度,从而达到既能满足航道设计要求、又以最优的超挖量实现施工经济性的目的,从实际施工效果来看具有良好的指导意义,为今后类似工程积累了宝贵经验。 关键词：航道疏浚;回淤;数学模型;泥沙扩散     

“韦帕”台风连云港海域三维潮流、泥沙数值模拟

大风天航道骤淤是连云港海域深水航道建设的关键问题之一。采用三维风浪、潮流及泥沙数学模型,对“韦帕”台风期间连云港海域的风浪、潮流及泥沙进行了模拟研究,模型计算值与实测值吻合良好;对“韦帕”台风期间连云港海域的水位变化、潮流与含沙量的空间分布特征等进行分析,并利用该模型对连云港深水航道二期工程台风期间航道回淤进行了模拟预测,结果表明,在类似“韦帕”台风的大风作用下,连云港二期航道没有发生泥沙骤淤碍航现象。     

跨域无人平台水面垂直起飞动态特性数值模拟

[目的]旨在研究跨域无人平台从水面垂直起飞过程中平台的运动及动力学特性.[方法]采用黏流CFD方法结合重叠网格技术和多自由度DFBI(dynamic fluid body interaction)运动模型,针对跨域无人平台在水面垂直起飞至空中的跨域过程的动态特性,开展数值模拟研究.[结果]模拟结果显示:在垂直起飞过程中...     

长江口12.5m深水航道潮周期内回淤量分布

潮周期内航道回淤量是一个随潮动力的变化而动态变化的量。确定深水航道的回淤量的潮周期内分布特征,将有助于合理安排航道的疏浚,减少不必要的疏浚船方。采用适用于长江口深水航道的回淤量计算模型,基于实测航道近底层的水文观测资料,获得了潮周期内的航道回淤量分布特征及其形成机制,得到航道回淤量主要发生在中小潮期间,而大潮期间动力较强冲刷明显、近底层泥沙浓度高,但形成的回淤量较小的结论。这一结论通过枯季近底层实测的水、沙及地形冲淤变化过程资料得到了验证。     

The evolution of the upper water layer in the marginal ice zone, austral spring 1988, Scotia-Weddell Sea

A one-dimensional turbulent erosion model is presented to study the temporal behaviour of the upper layers of the water column in the marginal ice zone during ice retreat. Input parameters in the model are the regular meteorological observations on board, global radiation and ice cover estimates. The model results are validated by comparison with CTD-profiles measured during repeated sections through the marginal ice zone of the Weddell-Scotia Sea sector of the Southern Ocean, over a six week-period in the Austral spring 1988.     

基于SVR近似模型的潜水器外形优化

流体仿真软件在船舶与海洋结构物概念设计阶段应用广泛。针对潜器外形设计过程中,仿真分析往往需要耗费大量的时间成本,无法直接与优化器结合的问题,本文研究基于支持向量回归机（Support Vector Regres-sion, SVR）的潜器外形优化方法,包括拉丁超立方试验设计选取样本点、基于 ICEM的潜器参数化建模和网格自动划分、基于 Fluent的阻力计算及 SVR模型的构造。采用改进的粒子群算法求解潜器外形优化设计问题,得到了阻力性能优良的潜器外形。     

超大型自航抓斗挖泥船作业流程载荷分析

以大型自航抓斗挖泥船为研究对象,建立相应的水动力计算模型。主要研究抓斗挖泥作业不同阶段下船舶运动、锚泊线受力情况以及其随不同环境载荷的变化规律,为船舶安全作业提供依据。研究结果表明,船舶在抓斗旋转和卸料时最为危险,船舶横荡、横摇及各锚泊线张力受其影响很大,实际作业时应尽量保持迎浪状态,进而确保船舶作业安全。     

船舶气囊下水过程中船体倾角变化的测试与研究

为研究船舶气囊下水过程船体横向和纵向倾角的变化过程,采用基于工控机的倾角测试系统。该系统由倾角传感器、RS-232串行总线及工控机等元件组成。通过对测试结果的分析计算,结论表明：该船舶在气囊下水过程中,最大纵向倾角发生在船舶艉落阶段,最大值为1．8。左右,下水过程平稳,没有明显的艏落现象发生,同时船舶下水过程横向摇摆幅度很小。     

Improving operational safety during icebreaker operations

The study presented in this paper aims at investigating what safety measures that can be taken to improve the operational safety during icebreaker operations in the Baltic Sea. During icebreaker operations, the icebreaker and the assisted vessel operate in close proximity to each other, a distance which can be even smaller if weather and ice conditions are severe. This poses a severe threat to the operation, since the extremely short distance between the vessels leaves no room for error. The results, which are based on data collected through individual interviews and questionnaires, indicate several possible improvements. Firstly, on a regulatory level, the introduction of an ice navigation certificate for deck officers would set a minimal level of formal competency. Secondly, on a knowledge level, more ice navigation training and better language skills work in favour for the safety. Thirdly, on a technical level, having an electronic chart with target tracking capability increases the efficiency and safety of the passage through ice. In addition to these results, this study shows a need to further research the communication and language situation during icebreaker operations.     

对赣江(樟树～南昌)航道整治工程初步设计与防洪水利关系的认识

阐述建设樟树至南昌段航道的必要性,并介绍了在预可研,工可研和初步设计阶段,充分考虑水资源综合利用的原则,努力达到航道、防洪、防汛水利等综合效益。     

超空泡航行体操纵过程流体动力特性数值模拟研究

超空泡航行体操舵过程会引起空泡变形,导致航行体流体动力学特性发生变化。为了了解超空泡航行体操舵过程中航行体的动力学特性,文中采用基于欧拉两流体模型的CFD数值模拟方法及动网格技术对超空泡航行体空化器、尾舵操舵过程以及航行体攻角变化过程中的空泡形态及航行体瞬态流体动力特性变化规律进行了研究。研究结果表明空化器操舵过程中空化器升力随偏转角基本呈线性规律变化,对航行体尾部滑行力的影响相对于攻角变化对滑行力的影响为小量;尾舵操舵过程改变了空泡尾部流场,对于航行体尾部滑行力会产生重要影响。     

脉冲大电流工况下晶闸管反向恢复过程建模研究

为了探究脉冲大电流工况下,晶闸管的反向恢复特性并建立能够准确反映晶闸管反向恢复过程的数学模型,首先搭建试验回路,依次探究了正向电流峰值IF、关断电流变化率di/dt对晶闸管反向恢复过程中电流变化的影响.结果表明,当正向导通电流峰值IF达到一定值后,载流子的存储趋于饱和,对反向恢复过程中电流的变化无明显影响,关断电流变化...