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高尔寺隧道位于国道318线康定县与雅江县交界处,为单洞双向行车特长高海拔越岭公路隧道,目前隧道工程风险评估处于起步阶段.文章遵循“公路桥梁和隧道工程设计安全风险评估指南”的要求,同时参照了国内外其它行业隧道工程风险管理规范或规程,针对高尔寺隧道特点,采用了隧道分段风险评估流程、基于工程类比的检查表法风险辨识和专家调查法风险估测进行了隧道设计阶段的安全风险评估,分析了潜在的风险事件和风险等级,以及有效的风险控制.在无现行规范可循的情况下,进行了设计阶段隧道工程安全风险评估工作的实践,具有一定的参考意义. 相似文献
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隧道洞口段危岩落石风险评估 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
由于线路的走向及场地的限制,许多隧道进出口的边、仰坡高陡、地质条件恶劣,在雨水及地震等自然灾害的作用下,会形成危岩、落石、崩塌等,对隧道洞口段及相邻的桥梁、线路造成危害,危及行车安全.文章参考有关道路边坡落石风险评估技术,从系统/问题的定义入手,将隧道工程系统分为洞口段工程和洞身段工程等子系统,以使问题分析更加明确;提出采用初步定性评估和细部定量评估的隧道洞口段危岩落石风险评估方法,并应用于在建的兰渝线隧道洞口段工程;应用Rockfall软件,进行了范家坪隧道出口仰坡危岩落石运动轨迹的预测,结果表明原设计的明洞长度不能满足对防治山上危岩落石的要求. 相似文献
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文章针对地铁隧道近接施工工程风险评估与管理问题,提出了将ANP-FE和数值模拟结合起来的一种全新风险管理理念和方法;在调查、研究和分析得到地铁隧道近接施工风险评价指标体系的基础上,将ANP与FE结合起来对风险进行评估,以解决风险影响因素之间相互依存和反馈的模糊性问题;然后以风险评价结果为依据,制定风险防范和控制措施;进一步对采取对策后的工程开展数值模拟,以此来检验措施的有效性和评价方法的科学性;最后,以广州地铁6号线某近接工程为研究对象,对该风险评估与管理方法的具体实施过程做了详细阐述.实践证明,该理论体系和方法能够有效地对地铁隧道近接施工工程的风险进行评估、控制和管理,提高风险评估过程的科学性. 相似文献
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施工技术、施工环境以及施工设备是隧道施工中的主要安全风险因素。文章立足于上述风险因素,从梯阶层级搭建、风险因素的权重核算及层级因素排序等方面,研究了隧道施工的安全风险评估关键技术,并结合工程案例,验证所研究的技术是否满足隧道施工安全风险评估要求。 相似文献
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铁路隧道风险评估若干问题探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
文章探讨了当前隧道风险评估中存在的隧道初始和残余风险综合等级判定准则的不统一、施工阶段风险评估中风险因素的缺失及初步设计阶段风险评估"谈虎色变"、施工阶段风险评估"避轻就重"等问题,提出了解决这些问题的对策,即初始和残余风险综合等级就高准则、隧道施工阶段快速适时风险评估和特殊地区隧道初始风险等级合理确定等。 相似文献
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Ingmar Andrasson 《先进运输杂志》1998,32(1):23-34
A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996. 相似文献
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AbstractDespite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45?ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development. 相似文献
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管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一(各因素的分值范围都是0~100分),为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。 相似文献
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The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side. 相似文献
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The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station. 相似文献
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Nicholas B. Taylor 《运输规划与技术》2018,41(1):37-57
ABSTRACTPredicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered. 相似文献