黏性土地基桩基础局部冲刷深度预测方法

基于波、流作用下基础局部冲刷机理,选取冲刷最相关参数,构建了以实测冲刷数据为基础的局部冲刷深度幂乘公式统一形式。以广东某海域实际海上风电工程为例,采用文章所提出方法对单桩、高桩承台基础及导管架基础3种型式共71个机位的桩基础冲刷数据进行了分析,通过多元线性回归确定了冲刷公式系数。对比分析了考虑波浪的韩海骞公式、铁路与公路规范推荐公式和文中冲刷公式的计算误差,结果表明提出公式平均相对误差和方差均比常用冲刷公式小。所形成方法可供周边海域其他海上风电工程或其他海洋工程防冲刷工程设计参考。     

孤立波作用下单排桩附近床面冲刷实验研究

为揭示海啸波冲击下桩式防波堤的桩基附近泥沙冲刷特性,文章通过物理模型实验研究了孤立波作用下单排桩柱结构附近床面的局部冲刷问题,测试了入射波高和水深对冲刷坑形态发展的影响。结果表明:床面冲刷主要发生在相邻柱体的间隙处;在冲刷过程的前期阶段,排桩不同间隙附近床面冲刷的演变存在一定的差异;到冲刷后期,各间隙床面三维形态上的差异逐渐消失;达到冲刷平衡后,在间隙附近形成显著的冲刷坑,冲刷坑的下游则出现淤积的沙坝;沿间隙中心线剖面上的最大冲刷深度出现在柱中心偏下游位置,最大淤积高度出现在柱中心下游的几倍圆柱直径范围内。冲刷坑沿槽宽方向的发展随着波高的增大而增大,随着水深的增大变化不明显;平衡剖面上最大冲刷深度、最大淤积高度和冲刷坑水平长度亦随着波高的增大而显著增加。试验成果可为进一步建立相应的三维泥沙冲刷数值模型提供校核依据。     

江苏LNG项目桥墩周围冲刷的试验研究

以现场天然沙为试验床质,利用系列比尺模型,采用不规则波与潮流共同作用的方式,对江苏LNG接卸站陆连岛栈桥桩基周围的冲刷情况,进行了试验研究。系列比尺包括1∶10,1∶20和1∶40,试验组合包括正常组合及大浪组合。在正常波、流作用下,桥墩桩基周围最大冲刷深度为5.10 m;在正常波流并遇50 a一遇波浪共同作用下,累积冲刷深度为5.60 m。     

人工沙滩在堤后次生波作用下的稳定性试验

基于波浪泥沙物理模型,考虑不同水位条件、不同重现期的波浪作用以及复坡和单坡2种不同坡度的沙滩坡面,对斯里兰卡科伦坡港口人工沙滩的冲淤情况及稳定性进行试验研究。结果表明,在次生波作用下,沙滩出现了不同程度的冲刷,沙滩剖面出现冲刷的主要部位一般位于水面线以下的波浪破碎带内,但当波浪条件增大时,人工沙滩剖面在水面线以上也呈普遍冲刷状态。在试验工况范围内,外海水位越高,波高、周期越大,防波堤堤后的次生波越大,所造成的沙滩剖面变形越大,冲刷深度越大。复坡和单坡2种不同坡度方案滩面泥沙在次生波作用下的冲淤部位基本相似,剖面稳定性相当。     

规则波作用下沙质岸滩剖面演变研究*

为了探究规则波作用下沙质岸滩的形态变化,在波浪水槽中构建沙质岸滩剖面的演变过程。发现在规则波作用下,沙质岸滩会出现沙坝峰,存在从单一沙坝峰到双沙坝峰的演变过程,且沙坝形成后并非静止不动,而是随时间变化存在离岸和向岸的往复运动。探究水深、周期和植被覆盖对沙质岸滩变化的影响,对其最大冲刷深度、最大淤积深度、冲刷面积和淤积面积进行讨论分析。结果显示,水深的增大会导致沙坝向岸运动,周期的增大会导致岸滩趋于紊乱,植被覆盖对岸滩有稳定作用。     

船舶在海浪中运动的计算方法

船舶在海浪中的运动可以用理论解析方法来计算,亦可以用实验方法来推算。在当前理论水平上用实验的方法是比较准确的。视试验设备的条件,在水池冲可以造成(1)长峰迎顺规则波或不规则波,(2)长峰规则斜波,(3)长峰不规则斜波,或(4)短峰不规则波。用船模在这四种类型中的任何一种波浪均可求得船舶运动的传递函数,从而推算出实船的运动特征。文中末了提到用实船在选定的海浪中试航的方法来分析和验证船舶的运动。     

底浮箱式防波堤消浪性能、锚链张力及运动轨迹的试验研究

通过物理模型试验,底浮箱式防波堤在定水深和锚碇固位,受规则波、水流作用下,对浮堤的运动状态进行试验研究。对在波浪单独作用和波、流共同作用时,浮堤的消浪性能和锚链张力进行比较性试验,并对浮堤在波浪单独作用下的运动轨迹进行描述。试验结果表明,波浪单独作用的浮堤消浪效果好于波、流共同存在时;锚链张力的变化趋势基本相同;由于浮堤的堤宽与波长相比仅是1/6~1/3,浮堤两弦之间的相位差仅为(1/3～1/1.6)π,因此,浮堤的摇摆角度并不大。     

不规则波作用下9桩串列群桩效应的实验研究

小尺度的群桩结构在海洋工程建筑物中应用广泛,其在波浪作用下产生的群桩效应也被国内外学者所关注,但是目前有关群桩效应的研究多限于较少桩柱。基于物理模型实验,对不规则波作用下,9桩串列群桩中各桩所受正向力、横向力进行了研究,结合对应波浪作用下孤立桩所受波浪力,分析了正向力和横向力群桩系数K_(G,1/3)、K_(GL,1/3)随相对桩距S/D和KC_(1/3)数变化的规律,并对比了群桩中各桩上群桩系数的区别。     

波浪作用下局部冲刷群桩动力特性试验研究

利用模型试验对深水桥墩群桩基础进行研究。用摇摆式造波装置施加波浪荷载,基于典型的冲刷坑形态,通过开挖桩周土体模拟不同的冲刷深度,探讨不同冲刷深度下桩基在波浪荷载作用下的动力反应。作为对比,同样进行了同参数下的单桩平行试验。研究结果表明:随着冲刷深度的增加,桩基础的自振频率逐渐降低,桩顶加速度和位移幅值呈增大趋势。桩基动力响应同时受水深的影响——随着水深的增大,位移和加速度也有所增加。在实际工程设计中,应该考虑桩基冲刷受损程度和水文条件的综合影响。     

双向流桥墩局部冲刷计算分析

文中针对潮流作用下的桥墩冲刷深度进行分析探讨,通过对闵浦三桥水中墩的局部冲刷深度进行计算分析,选取较为合理的局部冲刷深度作为双向水流作用下的桥墩局部冲刷深度,为工程设计施工提供参考。     

波、流联合作用下的推移质输沙率

本文基于Bagnold水流功率原理,考虑到非线性波传播质速度的影响,导出了在波浪单独作用下推移质净输沙率公式,该公式体现了有限水深前进波在沙质床面上波浪掀沙、水流输沙的机理,并得到试验资料的验证.在此基础上进一步推导了波、流联合作用下推移质单宽输沙率公式,并与现有的波流输沙率公式作了比较,计算结果适中.上述公式具有一定理论基础,概念清晰,结构简明,使用方便,可适用于非破碎带输沙计算.     

刚果（布）1号公路砂性土路基治理与防护

针对非洲刚果（布）1号公路项目区域内的砂性土具有材料强度高、渗透性强,但表层砂性土松散,孔隙比大,压缩性高,且凝聚力差,在重载作用下易变形破坏,尤其是抗水流冲刷能力差等特点,提出了水泥处治、粘性土包边处理及竹编格栅植草防护等措施。     

TLP型风力机的空气动力学影响及发电预测(英文)

This research proposes a new offshore wind energy generation system that uses a tension leg platform (TLP) and describes experiments performed on a TLP type wind turbine in both waves and wind. The following conclusions can be made from the results of this research. 1) In the case of coexisting wave-wind fields, the wind effect stabilizes the pitch motion. 2) The wind effect decreases vibration of the mooring lines when waves and wind coexist. In particular, the springing (2nd or 3rd order force) also decreases in this field. 3) It can be estimated that the reduction in the rate of generation of electrical power can be up to about 6% as a result of the heel angle. In addition, the annual amount of electricity generated was estimated along with the utilization factor based on the experimental results.     

Ultimate load analysis of a 10 MW offshore monopile wind turbine incorporating fully nonlinear irregular wave kinematics

Loads from storm waves can in some cases be dimensioning for offshore wind turbine substructures. Accurate determination of nonlinear wave loads is therefore important for a safe, yet economic design. In this paper, the fully nonlinear waves, realized by a fully nonlinear potential wave solver OceanWave3D, are incorporated into coupled aero-servo-hydro-elastic simulations for a reduced set of wave-sensitive design load cases, in comparison with the widely used linear and constrained waves. The coupled aero-elastic simulations are performed for the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine on a large monopile at 33 m water depth using the aero-elastic code HAWC2. Effect of the wave nonlinearity is investigated in terms of the ultimate sectional moments at tower bottom and monopile mudline. Higher ultimate moments, 5% at tower bottom and 13% at monopile mudline as maximum, are predicated when the nonlinear waves are used. It could be explained by the fact that the extreme nonlinear waves, that are close to the breaking limit, can induce resonant ringing-type responses, and hereby dominate the ultimate load responses. However, the constrained wave approach shows marginal difference compared to the standard linear wave approach. It can be concluded at least for the present configuration that the industry standard approaches (linear and constrained wave approach) underestimate the ultimate load responses on offshore wind turbines in severe sea states.     

New insight into the wave-induced nonlinear vertical load effects of ultra-large container ships based on experiments

Accurate estimation of the wave-induced extreme hogging vertical bending moment (VBM) is of vital importance for the design of container ships because container ships are normally under hogging conditions in still water. According to the empirical formulas proposed by the classification society rules, the design hogging VBM can be approximately 20 % smaller than the design sagging VBM for vessels with small block coefficients. High-order harmonic components in the vertical load effects, which are induced by the nonlinearities in the hydrodynamic forces and ship hull geometry, contribute to the asymmetry. Previous studies have shown that the nonlinear hydrostatic and Froude–Krylov forces increase the sagging VBM significantly. Current numerical tools are able to reveal this asymmetry to a certain extent. There is, however, little focus on the nonlinear pressure under the bow bottom, which is a more likely contributor to the hogging VBM. Several unexpected phenomena have been observed for large container ships. The wave-frequency sagging and hogging VBMs followed each other closely, and hence did not reflect the significant nonlinear factors as expected. In this paper, the test data of two (8600-TEU and 13000-TEU) ultra-large containership models in both regular and irregular head waves are systematically studied. In regular waves, the influence of the second and third harmonics on the fundamental hogging peaks and sagging troughs is estimated by comparing both the amplitude and phase difference relative to the first harmonic peaks. In irregular waves, the focus is on the statistical characteristics of the wave-induced nonlinear vertical load effects. To achieve a balance between results in regular and irregular waves, the influence of the second harmonics is evaluated through bispectral analysis.     

Modelling of wave–current interactions at the mouths of the Danube

The target of the present study is the entrance to the Danube Delta in the Black Sea. The wave conditions in this coastal sector are usually significant from an energetic point of view and the relatively strong currents induced there by the outflow from the Danube lead to interactions between waves and currents. This process modifies considerably both the magnitude and direction waves, affecting also coastal navigation and sediment transport patterns. In order to assess the effects of the wave–current interactions, the simulating waves nearshore (SWAN) model was considered for developing a multilevel wave prediction system. Validations against measured data were carried out for each computational level. Five case studies corresponding to the most relevant patterns of the environmental matrix were analyzed. Finally, in order to assess the current effect for a longer timescale, an analysis concerning the variation of the main wave parameters was performed for a 3-month period considering some reference points. The results show that the currents produce considerable changes in the wave field, especially as regards the significant wave heights, mean wave directions and wavelengths. The Benjamin–Feir index was also estimated. The analysis of the variation induced by the current over this spectral shape parameter indicates that, in certain conditions, in the target area the wave heights cannot be considered Rayleigh distributed and freak waves may also occur.     

浅水立波底部附近悬沙含量的二维分布

本文应用卡门理论得到浅水立波紊动粘性系数的计算式,再由此求出浅水立渡底部附近悬沙含量的二维解答,与Hattori的半经验结果符合良好。     

船舶螺旋桨作用下直立式码头的护底流速计算

针对船舶螺旋桨对直立式码头的护底冲刷作用愈来愈严重,而我国的港口工程规范中缺乏该类设计的计算的问题,进行了螺旋桨作用下直立式码头的护底流速研究。采用国外各类规范以及相关文献的计算方法,以正在实施的科特迪瓦阿比让扩建项目一期工程为例,对比总结出直立式码头底部的护底冲刷流速的荷兰计算方法和德国计算方法,给直立式码头结构的护底设计提供依据。     

一种快速有效地计算多物体耦合运动的方法

文章给出一种简单有效的计算多船和多墩柱相互作用的方法。该方法的出发点是将船体剖面用具有等效矩形代替,并将其周围的流场划分为船底与水底之间的内场和船侧面的外场。内场速度势采用简单的解析解;外场速度势沿水深做傅立叶级数展开,并在船体水面周线上分布源汇。然后在内外场交界面上进行耦合匹配求解。对于求解墩柱可以等效于求解船体底间隙为零的情况。上面简单的方法对于多船和多墩柱的耦合计算是简单和有效的。通过给出数值算例,证明了本方法的精确性和有效性,并且研究了多船和港口间的相互作用问题。