针对某SUV级车的底盘平顺性能调校

针对某SUV车型在市场上被抱怨抖动大、侧倾大的问题,对底盘悬架展开优化研究。首先对问题车辆进行主观评估,确定问题工况后测试其相关减振器阻尼力值。然后,在KC试验台上对整车进行测试,测试主要以侧倾刚度指标为主。最后,通过对前后悬架弹簧的匹配优化来解决侧倾大的问题,同时通过结合减振器阻尼优化,解决抖动过多问题,并在问题工况下进行验证,通过了相应的主观评估。     

油气弹簧阀系参数设计及特性试验

根据车辆悬架最佳阻尼匹配要求,利用开阀流量、压力和阀片变形之间的关系,建立基于车辆参数的油气弹簧阀系参数设计公式.利用等效厚度和应力计算公式,建立了油气弹簧叠加阀片和调整垫圈厚度设计方法.通过实例,对油气弹簧阀系参数进行了设计,对设计参数进行验证,并对所设计油气弹簧进行了阻力特性试验.结果表明,基于车辆参数的油气弹簧阀系参数设计方法是正确的,对油气弹簧设计具有一定参考价值.     

磁流变油气弹簧技术研究

以单气室油气分离式油气弹簧为基础,提出了一种新型磁流变油气弹簧结构,即通过内置带有电磁线圈的阻尼阀和磁流变介质实现阻尼可调功能。通过试验验证了设计及计算方法的正确性,并从工程应用角度分析了磁流变油气弹簧的可行性和性能提高途径。     

电控空气悬架多智能体博弈控制系统研究

为协调互联状态控制与车身高度控制之间的耦合关系,结合多智能体理论和博弈论思想搭建电控空气悬架多智能体博弈控制系统。首先建立与试验样车相匹配的整车模型,验证模型准确性,在此基础上,搭建由信息采集智能体、车身高度控制智能体、互联状态控制智能体和博弈智能体构成的多智能体博弈控制系统。在单一工况下验证系统学习行为的有效性,在混合工况下验证系统控制效果。结果表明,在该系统的控制下,直线行驶时,驾驶员位置处的总加权加速度均方根值降低了7.77%,侧倾因子降低了17.87%;转弯工况下,通过牺牲部分行驶平顺性,改善了车辆操纵稳定性;在混合工况下,车辆整体性能有大幅度提升。     

汽油发动机倾斜试验研究

发动机倾斜试验的目的是验证润滑系统和曲轴箱通风系统在前后纵倾、左右侧倾及两者相结合时的状态是否符合要求,并对这几种情况进行单独分析及合成分析。文章以三缸汽油发动机为例介绍试验目的、试验准备、仪器和设备、试验方法、数据结果分析等。试验通过倾斜发动机至一定角度模拟整车在加速、转弯、刹车时油底壳液面高度及角度,评估发动机的润滑系统和曲轴箱通风系统在类似的整车工况下是否满足发动机的正常工作需求,为发动机的设计及验证提供参考。     

液压互联悬架抗侧倾控制研究（双语出版）

针对车辆减少能量消耗与提高抗侧倾能力需求,提出了一种主/被动可切换的液压互联悬架抗侧倾控制方法。基于9自由度车辆动力学模型,考虑蓄能器、液压缸、液压泵三者之间耦合的体积-流量-压力特性,建立液压互联悬架主动控制时域模型;结合"车身侧倾角-车身侧倾角速度"相平面法及车辆侧向加速度,得到车辆侧倾稳定域,并提出液压互联悬架系统侧倾稳定性控制介入与退出判据;在此基础上,采用Backstepping非线性控制算法设计主动液压互联抗侧倾控制器。最后,分析并改进侧倾稳定性评价指标,通过在MATLAB/Simulink环境下进行高速双移线、鱼钩试验等极端工况数值仿真,验证所提出的液压互联悬架主/被动切换控制系统能在减少能量消耗的情况下能否提高车辆抗侧翻的能力。研究结果表明：所提出的控制系统能有效提高车辆抗侧翻能力;当车辆侧倾状态超出设定的侧倾稳定区域介入线时,液压互联悬架系统由被动模式切换为主动抗侧倾模式,控制车辆侧倾状态回到稳定区域,以提高车辆侧倾稳定性;当判定车辆侧倾状态满足主动控制退出条件时,液压互联悬架系统回到被动模式,以减小能量消耗。     

液压互联悬架抗侧倾控制研究

针对车辆减少能量消耗与提高抗侧倾能力需求,提出了一种主/被动可切换的液压互联悬架抗侧倾控制方法。基于9自由度车辆动力学模型,考虑蓄能器、液压缸、液压泵三者之间耦合的体积-流量-压力特性,建立液压互联悬架主动控制时域模型;结合"车身侧倾角-车身侧倾角速度"相平面法及车辆侧向加速度,得到车辆侧倾稳定域,并提出液压互联悬架系统侧倾稳定性控制介入与退出判据;在此基础上,采用Backstepping非线性控制算法设计主动液压互联抗侧倾控制器。最后,分析并改进侧倾稳定性评价指标,通过在MATLAB/Simulink环境下进行高速双移线、鱼钩试验等极端工况数值仿真,验证所提出的液压互联悬架主/被动切换控制系统能在减少能量消耗的情况下能否提高车辆抗侧翻的能力。研究结果表明:所提出的控制系统能有效提高车辆抗侧翻能力;当车辆侧倾状态超出设定的侧倾稳定区域介入线时,液压互联悬架系统由被动模式切换为主动抗侧倾模式,控制车辆侧倾状态回到稳定区域,以提高车辆侧倾稳定性;当判定车辆侧倾状态满足主动控制退出条件时,液压互联悬架系统回到被动模式,以减小能量消耗。     

液罐汽车横向稳定性的研究

对液罐车非满载工况下在水平道路上转弯行驶以及在侧坡道路上直线行驶和转弯行驶时的液体质心坐标和横向稳定性进行了分析研究。在水平道路上转弯行驶时，质心的转移及侧倾程度主要与转弯半径，车速等有关；在侧坡道路上直线行驶时，质心的转移及侧倾程度主要与坡道的角度有关，在侧坡上转弯行驶时，质心的转移及侧倾程度除与侧坡角度有关外，还与转弯半径和车速等有关。为了减少液体质心的转移对汽车横向稳定性的影响，可在罐内增加纵向隔板，来抑制液体质心的转移。     

A Study on the Tire Load Calculation for Multi-axle Vehicles Based on Displacement Method

针对多轴汽车轮胎载荷计算的超静定问题的求解复杂性,基于位移法、刚体车身假设和车身刚体位移与轮胎等效变形之间的关系,以车身位移为未知量建立了车身的平衡方程;考虑整车重力、纵横向惯性力和转弯工况质心侧向位移引起的侧倾力矩的作用,建立了多轴汽车在弯曲、扭转、起动/制动和转弯等工况下轮胎载荷的矩阵方程,只需简单的线性代数计算即可方便地求得各种工况下的轮胎载荷.     

具有参数不确定性的重型货车抗侧倾输出反馈鲁棒H_∞控制

为了减小重型货车在转向操作时的侧倾角,从而避免货车转向时发生侧翻,可以通过在悬架中安装主动抗侧倾杆以补偿横向载荷转移的方法来实现.本文的分析为这一方法提供理论依据.运用基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的H∞控制理论,提出了基于观测器的抗侧倾输出反馈控制算法.通过对某具有一系列不确定性参数的重型货车侧倾一横摆动力学模型进行仿真,验证了此控制算法的有效性和鲁棒性.     

Enhancing roll stability of heavy vehicle by LQR active anti-roll bar control using electronic servo-valve hydraulic actuators

Rollover of heavy vehicle is an important road safety problem world-wide. Although rollovers are relatively rare events, they are usually deadly accidents when they occur. The roll stability loss is the main cause of rollover accidents in which heavy vehicles are involved. In order to improve the roll stability, most of modern heavy vehicles are equipped with passive anti-roll bars to reduce roll motion during cornering or riding on uneven roads. However these may be not sufficient to overcome critical situations. This paper introduces the active anti-roll bars made of four electronic servo-valve hydraulic actuators, which are modelled and integrated in a yaw-roll model of a single unit heavy vehicle. The control signal is the current entering the electronic servo-valve and the output is the force generated by the hydraulic actuator. The active control design is achieved solving a linear optimal control problem based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) approach. A comparison of several LQR controllers is provided to allow for tackling the considered multi-objective problems. Simulation results in frequency and time domains show that the use of two active anti-roll bars (front and rear axles) drastically improves the roll stability of the single unit heavy vehicle compared with the passive anti-roll bar.     

Active Roll Control of Single Unit Heavy Road Vehicles

Summary Strategies are investigated for controlling active anti-roll systems in single unit heavy road vehicles, so as to maximise roll stability. The achievable roll stability improvements that can be obtained by applying active anti-roll torques to truck suspensions are discussed. Active roll control strategies are developed, based on linear quadratic controllers. It is shown that an effective controller can be designed using the LQG approach, combined with the loop transfer recovery method to ensure adequate stability margins. A roll controller is designed for a torsionally flexible single unit vehicle, and the vehicle response to steady-state and transient cornering manoeuvres is simulated. It is concluded that roll stability can be improved by between 26% and 46% depending on the manoeuvre. Handling stability is also improved significantly.     

Active Roll Control of Articulated Vehicles

This paper describes an investigation into active roll control of articulated vehicles. The objective is to minimise lateral load transfer using anti-roll bars incorporating low bandwidth hydraulic actuators. Results from handling tests performed on an articulated vehicle are used to validate a nonlinear yaw/roll model of the vehicle. The methodology used to design lateral acceleration controllers for vehicles equipped with active anti-roll bars is developed using a simplified linear articulated vehicle model. The hardware limitations and power consumption requirements of the active elements are studied. The controller is then implemented in the validated articulated vehicle model to evaluate the performance of an articulated lorry with active anti-roll bars. The simulation results demonstrate the possibility of a significant improvement in transient roll performance of the vehicle, using a relatively low power system (10 kW), with low bandwidth actuators (5 Hz).     

Rollover mitigation for a heavy commercial vehicle

A heavy commercial vehicle has a high probability of rollover because it is usually loaded heavily and thus has a high center of gravity. An anti-roll bar is efficient for rollover mitigation, but it can cause poor ride comfort when the roll stiffness is excessively high. Therefore, active roll control (ARC) systems have been developed to optimally control the roll state of a vehicle while maintaining ride comfort. Previously developed ARC systems have some disadvantages, such as cost, complexity, power consumption, and weight. In this study, an ARC-based rear air suspension for a heavy commercial vehicle, which does not require additional power for control, was designed and manufactured. The rollover index-based vehicle rollover mitigation control scheme was used for the ARC system. Multi-body dynamic models of the suspension subsystem and the full vehicle were used to design the rear air suspension and the ARC system. The reference rollover index was tuned through lab tests. Field tests, such as steady state cornering tests and step steer tests, demonstrated that the roll response characteristics in the steady state and transient state were improved.     

Development of control logic for hydraulic active roll control system

Developed in this research is a control logic for the ARC (Active Roll Control) system that uses rotary-type hydraulic stabilizer actuators at the front and rear axles. The hydraulic components of the system were modeled in detail using AMESim, and a driving logic for the hydraulic circuit was constructed based upon the model. The performance of the driving logic was evaluated on a test bench, and it demonstrated good pressure tracking capability. The control logic was then designed with the target of reducing the roll motion of the vehicle during cornering. The control logic consists of two parts: a feedforward controller that generates anti-roll moments in response to the centrifugal force, and a feedback controller that generates anti-roll moments in order to make the roll angle to follow its target value. The developed ARC logic was evaluated on a test vehicle under various driving conditions including a slowly accelerated circular motion and a sinusoidal steering. Through the test, the ARC system demonstrated successful reduction of the roll motion under all conditions, and any discomfort due to the control delay was not observed even at a fast steering maneuver.     

Control of semi-active anti-roll systems on heavy vehicles

Semi-active anti-roll systems, with a high and low roll stiffness, or, since cornering is typically a transient event, damping setting have the capacity to improve heavy vehicle stability while having very low power consumption. If a vehicle is travelling around a right-hand bend and a low roll damping setting is selected, the vehicle will roll outwards. If a high damping setting is then selected, the outward roll will be locked-in. When the vehicle enters a left-hand bend, the inward roll becomes locked-in. This has the potential to increase critical lateral acceleration by up to 12.5% if the vehicle's future course can be predicted accurately (e.g. with a Global Positioning System). However, if the vehicle does not follow the expected path, the critical lateral acceleration may be degraded. Exploiting the delay between a steer angle being applied and the lateral acceleration developing could avoid this problem. However, the benefits from such a system are considerably lower, up to a 2.4% improvement in critical lateral acceleration. Hence, a ‘modal control strategy’ is developed aimed at providing high levels of benefit while being robust to deviations from the expected path. The modal strategy is able to provide benefits of up to 11%, while being robust to most deviations.     

Roll and pitch independently tuned interconnected suspension: modelling and dynamic analysis

In this paper, a roll and pitch independently tuned hydraulically interconnected passive suspension is presented. Due to decoupling of vibration modes and the improved lateral and longitudinal stability, the stiffness of individual suspension spring can be reduced for improving ride comfort and road grip. A generalised 14 degree-of-freedom nonlinear vehicle model with anti-roll bars is established to investigate the vehicle ride and handling dynamic responses. The nonlinear fluidic model of the hydraulically interconnected suspension is developed and integrated with the full vehicle model to investigate the anti-roll and anti-pitch characteristics. Time domain analysis of the vehicle model with the proposed suspension is conducted under different road excitations and steering/braking manoeuvres. The dynamic responses are compared with conventional suspensions to demonstrate the potential of enhanced ride and handling performance. The results illustrate the model-decoupling property of the hydraulically interconnected system. The anti-roll and anti-pitch performance could be tuned independently by the interconnected systems. With the improved anti-roll and anti-pitch characteristics, the bounce stiffness and ride damping can be optimised for better ride comfort and tyre grip.     

兼具馈能与主动抗侧倾功能的电控液压悬架系统设计与研究

为解决特种车辆或载重车辆在极端工况下易侧翻的问题,提出了一种兼具馈能与主动抗侧倾功能的电控液压悬架系统。对该悬架系统的主动抗侧倾模式和馈能模式进行了功能原理设计与分析;针对主动抗侧倾模式与馈能模式,构建了电液悬架系统仿真模型;设计了电液悬架系统主动抗侧倾模糊PID控制策略和侧倾力矩分配方案,以及执行机构逻辑门限值控制策略,并基于Matlab/Simulink、TruckSim和AMESim仿真软件,搭建了电液悬架系统主动抗侧倾控制策略联合仿真平台;对装配有电液悬架系统的车辆模型在极限工况下的抗侧倾性能进行仿真分析,并对车辆在随机路面激励输入下的馈能特性进行仿真分析。结果表明,装配该电液悬架的特种车辆具备较强的防侧翻能力,并具有较好的悬架运动能量回收潜力。     

汽车侧翻试验台非接触式防翻装置的设计开发

为保证汽车侧倾稳定角试验过程中的车辆安全,设计开发了一种用于防止试验车辆发生侧翻安全事故的非接触式防翻装置。该装置通过液压缸驱动防护支撑板,实现支撑板与侧翻试验台上的被试车辆保持一定安全距离的跟随运动,避免车辆达到侧倾稳定临界角时发生侧翻。经现场试验表明,该装置能够实现设计功能,在不影响试验结果的情况下保证车辆安全。