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车载空调系统的运行状况不仅关系到乘客的舒适、安全,也关系到能源成本和节能环保的问题。为提高驾乘人员舒适性,节约汽车的能源消耗,本文采用了一种基于热电制冷技术的局部空调系统。首先建立卡车驾驶舱模型并进行简化处理,设置初始参数条件。之后,通过CFD的方法研究局部空调系统工作时驾驶室的内流场分布和人体表面温度分布。最后,选择当量温度和人体热感觉偏差为热舒适性评价指标,研究不同局部空调运行工况下驾驶员个人的热舒适性,寻找局部空调系统存在的缺陷。研究结果表明在最优方案下,驾驶员整体热感觉偏差为0.363,各部位均处于舒适状态,热舒适性得到提高。 相似文献
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在车辆智能化与电动化趋势下满足人体热舒适性和车辆节能性双向需求是乘员舱区域化热环境管理的重要优化目标。尤其在高度非均匀“热-流”特性狭小空间环境中,只有正确认识并量化人体局部受热、响应和热需求的差异性与相关影响,才能高效地优化乘员舱热环境。为此,结合人体自身物理和生理热调节特性及其与乘员舱环境传热关系,建立人体热响应数值分析模型,分析非均匀局部气流作用下人体皮肤温度和热感觉变化规律,并应用影响因子分析方法量化局部与整体热感觉关系特征,得到局部气流作用状态对人体整体热感觉影响的不同关键部位。结果表明,在相同强度冷/热激励下,人体头部和手部是影响人体整体热感觉的主要部位,二者皮肤温度和热感觉变化幅值最大;高温环境中局部冷却作用需求的关键部位依次为头部、手部、前胸和后背,偏冷环境中局部加热作用需求的关键部位为头部、手部和脚部。 相似文献
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汽车座椅材料的热舒适性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在车中狭小且持续移动的空间内,汽车驾乘人员的活动相对比较困难,不得不长时间地保持一种姿势。为减少驾乘人员的身体疲劳、保证行驶的安全性,汽车内的座垫材料要求有更好的舒适性。汽车鹰垫的舒适性包括心理舒适和生理舒适两方面,生理舒适又包括人体对温度、软、硬、座椅角度等的感觉,人体对温度的感觉通常用热舒适性来表示,热舒适性表达了人们对热环境满意程度的一种心理状态。 相似文献
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目前纯电动汽车续航里程受环境影响程度较大。本文以SUV车型为研究对象,利用计算流体力学软件搭建了乘员舱的数学模型,耦合了人体热生理模型,将Berkely热舒适性评价模型用于乘员舱内人体热舒适性的评测。针对高温工况分别就送风温度、送风速度和送风湿度对乘员舱内部热环境、空调的总负荷以及人体热舒适性的影响程度进行了研究。结果表明,在送风风速由低到高改变的过程中,乘员的整体热舒适性会先上升,后下降,且能耗也随之升高。且在较低送风风速条件下,送风温度的变化对整体热舒适影响有限。送风湿度对热舒适的影响程度要弱于送风温度和送风风速。同时本文将送风风温、送风相对湿度、送风风速作为自变量,把乘员的整体热感觉、整体热舒适指标乃至空调系统总负荷当作研究对象,拟合出它们之间关系的回归方程。利用多参数优化分析的方式,不同送风参数对热舒适性和空调负荷的影响进行耦合分析。把乘员的整体热舒适指标的目标值设置成0,把空调系统热负荷降目标值设置成最小值,并且使乘员的整体热舒适指标与空调系统负荷二者的权重均设置成1,求取最佳方案,实现在提高热舒适性的同时减小空调系统热负荷的目的。 相似文献
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本文研究客车内部局部区域的空气质量和热舒适性。评价空气质量的单位为olf和decipol。应用气流分析软件PHOE-NICE,可以计算几种进、出气口位置情况下的客车内部的气流、温度及污染浓度的分布状况。文中还对速度场、温度场和污染浓度场进行了测试和比较。通过对这些结果的分析,可以选择最优的方法来寻求空气质量和热舒适性都是最佳的车内气候环境。 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(6):812-832
This paper describes a risk management algorithm for rear-side collision avoidance. The proposed risk management algorithm consists of a supervisor and a coordinator. The supervisor is designed to monitor collision risks between the subject vehicle and approaching vehicle in the adjacent lane. An appropriate criterion of intervention, which satisfies high acceptance to drivers through the consideration of a realistic traffic, has been determined based on the analysis of the kinematics of the vehicles in longitudinal and lateral directions. In order to assist the driver actively and increase driver's safety, a coordinator is designed to combine lateral control using a steering torque overlay by motor-driven power steering and differential braking by vehicle stability control. In order to prevent the collision while limiting actuator's control inputs and vehicle dynamics to safe values for the assurance of the driver's comfort, the Lyapunov theory and linear matrix inequalities based optimisation methods have been used. The proposed risk management algorithm has been evaluated via simulation using CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink. 相似文献
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Parameters optimisation of a vehicle suspension system using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm
《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(4):449-474
The purpose of this paper is to determine the lumped suspension parameters that minimise a multi-objective function in a vehicle model under different standard PSD road profiles. This optimisation tries to meet the rms vertical acceleration weighted limits for human sensitivity curves from ISO 2631 [ISO-2631: guide for evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Europe; 1997] at the driver's seat, the road holding capability and the suspension working space. The vehicle is modelled in the frequency domain using eight degrees of freedom under a random road profile. The particle swarm optimisation and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to obtain the suspension optimal parameters in different road profile and vehicle velocity conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the obtained results and, in Class G road profile, the seat damping has the major influence on the minimisation of the multi-objective function. The influence of vehicle parameters in vibration attenuation is analysed and it is concluded that the front suspension stiffness should be less stiff than the rear ones when the driver's seat relative position is located forward the centre of gravity of the car body. Graphs and tables for the behaviour of suspension parameters related to road classes, used algorithms and velocities are presented to illustrate the results. In Class A road profile it was possible to find optimal parameters within the boundaries of the design variables that resulted in acceptable values for the comfort, road holding and suspension working space. 相似文献
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A driver model is designed which relates the driver's action to his perception, driving experience, and preferences over a wide range of possible traffic situations. The basic idea behind the work is that the human uses his sensory perception and his expert knowledge to predict the vehicle's future behavior for the next few seconds (prediction model). At a certain sampling rate the vehicle's future motion is optimized using this prediction model, in order to meet certain objectives. The human tries to follow this optimal behavior using a compensatory controller. Based on this hypothesis, human vehicle driving is modeled by a hierarchical controller. A repetitive nonlinear optimization is employed to plan the vehicle's future motion (trajectory planning task), using an SQP algorithm. This is combined with a PID tracking control to minimize its deviations. The trajectory planning scheme is experimentally verified for undisturbed driving situations employing various objectives, namely ride comfort, lane keeping, and minimized speed variation. The driver model is then applied to study path planning during curve negotiation under various preferences. A highly dynamic avoidance maneuver (standardized ISO double lane change) is then simulated to investigate the overall stability of the closed loop vehicle/driver system. 相似文献
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汽车座舱内的人机交互智能系统一定程度决定了用户的智能体验,对人机交互进行测试研究,形成一套完整的人机交互测试评价方法,可以指导人机交互的设计开发,实现人机交互的迭代和优化。汽车座舱内功能日益增加,给用户带来更丰富的体验,然而功能相同,人机交互不同,给用户带来的驾驶体验却大相径庭。基于典型使用场景,从客观角度,分析不同车型相同场景下车机系统的响应、驾驶员眼部活动和驾驶员手部活动的差异,进一步量化评价参数,形成评价指标,同时根据五感和五觉,设计主观评价表对人机交互进行测评。测评结果表明,该方法具备可操作性和合理性,能从客观和主观角度全面评估人机交互的优劣。 相似文献
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半刚性材料温度应力分析研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
针对半刚性基层材料缺乏对因外界温度变化所产生应力问题的研究 ,采用了国内 4个典型省份的夏季及冬季极限温度 ,计算了在不同典型结构及不同地区条件下 ,半刚性材料受温度影响产生的温度应力。研究结果表明 ,对不同面层结构 ,受外界温度影响所产生的温度应力值相差很大 ,对在高速公路以及一级公路中使用的半刚性材料 ,完全可减少对温度性能的要求。该研究成果将室内测试结果和实际应用加以联系 ,对完善半刚性材料温度开裂评价体系具有一定的意义 相似文献
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为揭示土体冻结过程中导热系数的变化规律,建立基于均质球形颗粒的聚合几何模型。该模型由若干半径相等的球形土颗粒在正交方向上堆积而成,且土颗粒之外的区域全部被液态水填充。依据孔隙水首先在远离土颗粒的区域开始冻结的客观规律,建立冻结核在球形颗粒之间的几何中心产生并呈同心球向外扩展的聚合模型。基于土颗粒、水、冰的三相组成,从饱和冻土的组成和球形颗粒之间的接触等微观角度出发,建立导热系数的混合流计算方法。依据建立的几何模型和未冻水含量测试结果,结合给出的导热系数混合流计算方法,能够确定冻土在不同负温阶段的导热系数。另外,给出修正的正交热传导几何模型以计算不同干密度冻土的导热系数,并将混合流计算方法得出的预测值分别与Johansen法、Wiener法的预测值和探针法的实测值进行比较。研究结果表明:提出的混合流计算方法能够高精度地预测高温冻结阶段砂土的导热系数;聚合几何模型解答了干密度较大的土体冻实后的导热系数不一定较大的现象,具象地揭示出冻土导热系数随不同负温变化的原因是土中冰体含量的动态变化;依据冻结核产生位置建立的混合流导热系数计算方法,赋予了Wiener法在冻土导热系数预测中的具体物理意义;聚合模型和混合流导热系数计算方法能够对冻土在不同负温阶段的导热系数进行可靠预测,该研究期望为寒区和冻结法中的水-热-力耦合问题研究提供保证。 相似文献
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Xia Xin Xiong Lu Hou Yuye Teng Guowen Yu Zhuoping 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(6):993-1006
In this work, the reference model modification strategy for vehicle stability control based on driver's intention recognition under emergent obstacle avoidance situation was proposed. First the conflicts between the driver's emergency alignment (EA) intention and vehicle response characteristics were analyzed in critical emergent obstacle avoidance situation. Second combining steering wheel angle and its speed, the driver's EA intention was recognized. The reference model modification strategy based on steering operation index (SOI) was presented. Then a LQR model following controller with tire cornering stiffness adaption was used to generate direct yaw moment for tracking modified reference yaw rate and reference sideslip angle. Finally based on the four-in-wheel-motor-drive (FIWMD) electric vehicles (EV), double lane change and slalom tests were conducted to compare the results using modified reference model with the results using normal reference model. The experimental tests have proved the effectiveness of the reference model modification strategy based on driver's intention recognition. 相似文献