基于金属磁记忆的智能清管器技术可行性研究

文中对基于金属磁记忆的智能清管器用于管道腐蚀检测的可行性进行探讨,介绍了金属磁记忆检测原理,以MSP430F149单片机为核心,采用HMC1021型磁阻传感器为探头,设计了漏磁场检测系统,对裸采和透过聚氨酯材料检测到的漏磁场法向分量HP(Y)的过零点以及最大梯度值进行了分析、计算.结果表明:透过一定厚度聚氨酯材料检测到的裂缝附近漏磁场法向分量HP(Y)的梯度值已不再突出,但微分值仍具有明显的特征.因此,基于金属磁记忆的智能清管器技术具有一定的可行性.     

不拆包覆层的金属管道全周检测技术

为解决带包覆层金属管道全周向检测问题，提出一种不拆包覆层的旋转激励磁场检测方法。在管道表面沿周向布置3组励磁线圈并通入三相电流产生磁场，使管体产生的感应涡流中心沿着激励磁场矢量方向进行迁移，从而检测管体全周向的缺陷信息。基于有限元法研究了探头的工作原理，通过将隧道磁阻(TMR)传感器沿管体周向布置，测量管道径向的磁场强度以识别缺陷特征。实验研究表明：该方法可穿透管道包覆层，有效识别管道上的缺陷。     

管道部件及典型缺陷漏磁内检测图像化显示研究

针对管道漏磁内检测图像化显示研究,采用磁偶极子模型建立漏磁场分布与缺陷特征之间对应关系.建立Φ219管道有限元仿真模型,研究永磁场对不同缺陷及管道部件的漏磁信号分析,提取管道周向360°上径向漏磁信号,并将漏磁内检测信号转化成漏磁内检测图像.结果表明,通过对漏磁数据进行图像化显示更加直观辨别缺陷及管件特征,并对后续图像...     

小波变换用于输油管道漏磁检测信号处理

采用漏磁法对输油管道进行无损检测时,采集的漏磁信号具有数据量大和附带大量噪声的特性.为了去除信号中夹杂的噪声,采用小波变换中的Mallat算法对漏磁信号进行处理,使信号便于储存和分析.通过信号处理实验,取得了良好的效果.     

油管缺陷参数对漏磁场的影响分析

铁磁构件缺陷参数对漏磁场的影响较复杂,磁荷模型在理论上可以定量分析该磁场问题,但只能适用于简单缺陷形状情况。因此,采用有限元数值计算技术更具灵活性。为了进一步分析油管缺陷参数对漏磁场的影响,建立了油管缺陷漏磁场仿真模型,研究了裂纹深度、裂纹宽度、裂纹深宽比、裂纹倾角对漏磁场的影响。分析结果表明:漏磁场强度随油管缺陷裂纹宽度的减小或裂纹深度、裂纹角度的增加而增强;对于深度比,相对于裂纹宽度,裂纹深度对漏磁场的影响更明显。仿真结果为缺陷检测系统设计和缺陷信号分析提供了参考。     

基于小波分析的快速路交通事件检测算法

文章提出一种基于小波分析的快速路交通事件自动检测算法：(1)利用上、下游检测点同步采集的交通量参数,计算对交通事件敏感的车辆积压长度原始信号;(2)对原始信号进行多层小波分解后,利用低频系数重构信号来剔除高频信息的干扰;(3)以积压长度原始信号和重构信号建立识别模式,设定报警条件来实时检测交通事件。经VISSIM仿真试验验证,积压长度信号对交通事件非常敏感,提出的算法具有良好的检测性能,能适用全流量交通状况。     

基于声发射技术的管道泄漏检测与定位方法研究

为提高管道无损检测中对小孔径泄漏检测灵敏度、泄漏信号判别准确率以及泄漏点定位精确度,提出一种基于声发射技术并结合信号频域特征提取算法的管道泄漏识别和定位方法。设计管道泄漏检测实验平台进行管道泄漏检测实验,采用经验模态分解方法和小波分解重构相结合的信号处理算法进行降噪并提取信号频域特征,研究不同孔径和不同管道压力下管道泄漏检测和泄漏点定位问题。验证了基于声发射技术并结合信号频域特征提取算法的管道泄漏检测方法的有效性。     

输油管道内壁电磁检测技术

为了更有效地进行输油管道缺陷检测,提出了一种内壁电磁检测的方法。该技术利用内检测器在管道中行进时,电磁场对管道进行磁化,被检测处若无缺陷则磁场无泄漏,若存在缺陷则可以检测到漏磁场的存在,并且根据漏磁场的特征确定缺陷的特征。为了进行理论研究,运用ANSYS软件仿真获得漏磁场不同方向的分量特征曲线结果。以缺陷长度为研究因素,仿真结果表明,缺陷长度增加,漏磁信号范围变宽,径向峰峰值增大。     

人工蜂群优化BP神经网络在输油管道泄漏检测中的应用

BP神经网络的泛化性能很大程度上取决于模型的参数选择,针对此问题提出基于人工蜂群算法(ABC)的BP神经网络参数优化算法,并将其应用于输油管道的泄漏检测。该方法将BP神经网络的连接权值和阈值一一对应于人工蜂群算法优化问题每个可行解的各维度值,找到问题的最优解,训练出符合精度要求的理想模型。将该方法应用于输油管道泄漏信号的识别,提取管道各类工况下压力信号部分非线性特征作为检测模型训练样本集,建立输油管道泄漏检测模型并进行识别测试,有效提高了泄漏检测的准确率。     

长输管道宽频超声内检测器技术

利用宽频超声检测技术开展了旋转探头和阵列探头管道超声内检测器 (BUS-Pig)研究,实现了数据处理,管道腐蚀缺陷超声检测B、C扫描图像化和缺陷的三维图像化.实验结果表明:达到了管道腐蚀测厚精度±0.5 mm、腐蚀分辨率10 mm×10 mm的要求,并可检测评价管道截面尺寸.另外,对管道轴向裂纹的超声检测技术也进行了初步研究.     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

The Impact of Container Type Diversification on Regional British Port Development Strategies

Abstract

Despite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45?ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

中国城市道路规划方位性问题研究

文章结合中国的传统建筑文化理念和现代科学原理,从历史文化、能源节约、环境保护、房地产定价、交通安全等多方面分析研究了城市道路在规划和设计时所应遵从的定向规则。     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

Predicting queue variability to enable analysis of overload risk

ABSTRACT

Predicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R^2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered.     

生命大过天

文章介绍了广西壮族自治区公路管理局开展专项行动,治理以桥梁为重点的交通基础设施安全隐患的情况,针对在役桥梁、在建桥梁和农村公路桥梁存在的安全隐患提出了相应的治理措施。