5.5万吨化学品船液货扫舱系统设计及应用

《1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约及其1978年协定书(MARPOL)》附则II"控制散装有毒液体物质污染规则"2004年修正案对化学品船在每个舱内及其相应管路内的液货残液量方面提出了更加严格的规定;此外,由于化学品船的特殊性,载运货品种类繁多,既可载运有毒货品,也可载运食用油类货品;并且,每次在卸货特别是在更换货品时,就对其液货扫舱系统提出非常高的要求,将很大程度影响到扫舱系统设计。因此,采取有效措施减少扫舱残液量是必须解决的关键技术问题。文中基于防污公约要求,主要对5.5万吨IMO(国际海事组织)II型化学品船液货扫舱系统的选型方法、设计原理、扫舱步骤和管路设计注意事项等方面进行了研究分析,并且简要介绍扫舱试验程序。目前,该型船扫舱结果已成功通过船级社的检验。     

“幸福船员”微信上线：为船员搭建幸福平台

2014年6月25日,值此第四届“世界海员日”来临之际,交通运输部海事局在上海召开了中国海员发展战略研讨会。会议期间,江苏海事局通过视频、PPT、展板及手机等多种方式向与会的航运界领导、嘉宾和船员朋友推介了“幸福船员”微信、“幸福船员”移动APP等手机应用。与会人员纷纷拿出手机,轻轻一扫即刻关注“幸福船员”微信,体验移动新技术给船员朋友带来的便捷。“幸福船员”微信服务号发布后收到社会广泛关注,     

船舶安全舱在防抗海盗中的作用和效能

本文简要分析了船舶安全舱在成功防抗海盗中的作用、性能、特点,提出了对于新改建设置船舶安全舱的建议,以期提高船舶防抗海盗的能力,减少被袭击的危险,确保船员和船舶的安全.     

浅谈航运企业船员调配管理人员的修炼

作为航运企业,其生产经营、安全管理、船舶管理等工作,归根结底都需要一线船员来完成和实现,因此,为船舶配备怎样的船舶领导和船员队伍,直接关系到船舶各项工作的成败,这对船员管理调配人员的基本功和基本素质是一个重大考验。     

船舶检查中对舱柜透气管的检查

为提醒船员重视对船舶舱柜透气管的维护保养,也为给船舶安全检查人员作出检查指导,首先阐述船舶舱柜透气管的形式和相应功能,然后通过2个案例指出对船舶舱柜透气管管理不当容易产生安全和污染问题,最后根据管理经验和公约要求,从海事执法人员的角度,提出对船舶舱柜透气管的检查要点。     

被海盗劫持后该怎么办？

近日，在西非海岸，一名中国籍船长为了掩护船员被海盗杀害。据媒体报道，船长是在掩护船员进入安全舱的时候遭枪击致死。     

船舶舱底水蓄意排放风险分析及建议

MEPC.107(49)决议通过技术上的改进在一定程度上防止了船员蓄意操纵设备违规排放舱底水这类事件的发生,并且为PSCO检查舱底水防污染设备提供了基本指导。但随着PSC检查工作的深入,却发现决议存在不足,船员仍然可以通过蓄意操纵来违规排放舱底水。介绍符合MEPC.107(49)决议15 ppm舱底水报警设备实现防蓄意操纵功能的原理,以及存在违规排放舱底水的风险隐患,并针对存在的风险提出修订MEPC.107(49)决议的建议。     

船舶压载水的扫舱技术

船舶在排放压载水的操作中,由于扫舱不干净,会导致暂停装卸货,延长船舶靠泊时间,造成船舶滞期。文章分析了压载水排放中扫舱阶段的主要问题和扫舱技术。     

船舶液舱液位实时监控技术研究

针对船舶液舱自由液面问题,文章介绍了自由液面产生的原因,并分析了各种情况下产生的自由液面对船舶稳性造成的影响。采用Serial Port串口通过RS485接口标准设计出一套符合ModbusRTU通信协议的船舶液舱液位实时监测方案。利用RS485接口的远距离传输特性,传感器可以充分覆盖大型船舶的各个液舱,实现全船监测。最后在实验条件下验证了方案的可行性。得到的监测数据可通过程序准确计算液舱装载容积、自由液面和船舶稳性,给船员配积载提供有力的判断帮助。     

液货船的封闭场所作业管理

<正>尽管船舶管理者在其管理体系中明确规定了进入封闭场所的具体要求和预防措施,但因管理或操作等方面原因而造成人员死亡或伤害的事故仍时有发生^[1]。对已发生的伤亡情况的调查表明,在大多数情况下,船上事故是由于对采取预防措施的必要性认识不足或忽视造成的。2015年初,一艘波兰籍集装箱船停靠在丹麦汉斯特后姆港,发生了1名船员进入封闭场所窒息死亡,3名船员因施救不力造成严重昏迷的惨剧^[2]。国内某大型油运公司所属油轮货舱液压阀损坏,大管轮下舱检修,     

船员疲劳对船舶值班的影响与评判

结合IMO和STCW78/95公约中对船舶安全配员的要求,借助数学模型分析船员疲劳的主观感觉和客观感觉,帮助减轻船员的疲劳,避免由于船员疲劳引发海难。     

"船舶缺陷性资源"与"船员走神"问题的探讨

结合长期在船上从事驾驶台资源管理工作的实践,就如何正确处理“船舶缺陷性资源”与“船员走神”这两个问题提出见解。     

Work simplificafion through the tansformation of work on board

Through a series of research on 10 Japanese ships since 1961, it was found that the relationship between number of crew and the resulting structural change of work on board ship can be formulated by a linear regression. Some of the major findings that are obtained from this new method are summarized as follows. As the number of crew decreases, the proportion of work for operating the ship (manoeuving and controlling work) increases, while the proportion of work which is not directly related to the operation decreases. This structural change can be attributed to work simplification resulting from four types of the transformation of work:

(a) The replacement of man'al work by putting machines on board.

(b) The transformation of work on board into work done by machines on shore.

(c) The transfer of work previously done on board to the shore.

(d) The transformation of work within a ship.     

Work simplificafion through the tansformation of work on board

Through a series of research on 10 Japanese ships since 1961, it was found that the relationship between number of crew and the resulting structural change of work on board ship can be formulated by a linear regression. Some of the major findings that are obtained from this new method are summarized as follows. As the number of crew decreases, the proportion of work for operating the ship (manoeuving and controlling work) increases, while the proportion of work which is not directly related to the operation decreases. This structural change can be attributed to work simplification resulting from four types of the transformation of work:

(a) The replacement of man'al work by putting machines on board.

(b) The transformation of work on board into work done by machines on shore.

(c) The transfer of work previously done on board to the shore.

(d) The transformation of work within a ship.     

混合蚁群算法求解集装箱箱位分配问题

集装箱船配载过程中的重要环节是合理的箱位分配,它对保证集装箱船装载后的航行性能及其码头装箱效率有重要的影响.随着集装箱船的大型化及待装船箱量的增加,该问题的求解较为困难.结合集装箱船配载中箱位分配的实际操作特点,提出了利用与禁忌算法相结合的混合蚁群算法来求解集装箱的箱位分配问题.仿真模拟试验表明该算法能够在不影响装箱难度的同时,大幅提高集装箱装船后船舶的航行性能.     

船上作业安全生产及劳动保护

船舶修造市场作为一个具有技术市场前景的行业,船上作业安全生产与劳动保护工作尤为重要。为加强船上作业劳动保护工作,现结合案例对船上作业安全生产事故进行分析,并从法律、防护用品、教育培训、工会监管、企业管理等方面提出劳动保护措施。     

Evacuation in practice — Observations from five full scale exercises

Evacuating a ship is a difficult task which normally is performed under severe and demanding conditions, exposing both crew members and passengers on board to an extreme and demanding situation. To be prepared for an incident happening on board and shouldering this responsibility is part of the everyday reality of the crew members’ work situation. This study reports the results from observations made on board five passenger ships performing full scale exercises with participants acting as passengers. The results pointed out four problem areas; the safety organization, the ability to perform tasks, the handling of life vests and communication. These areas represented an uncertainty in the requirements associated with the crew members’ role in the safety organization implied. There was also evidence of difficulties in the crews’ performing of different tasks, problems with donning life vests and insufficient communication. The crew member groups on board differ in their skills and knowledge to handle an evacuation situation. These groups need to be studied separately and systematically in order to determine how they comprehend their work situation and what their needs of preparation and training are in order to feel content with meeting the demands of their role in the safety organization.     

钢吊箱围堰结构设计与施工技术研究

钢吊箱围堰是为承台施工而设计的临时阻水结构,其作用是通过钢吊箱围堰的侧板和底板或底板上的封底混凝土围水,为承台施工提供无水的干体作业环境。以武汉白沙洲大桥为例,针对钢吊箱围堰结构设计与施工中存在的问题展开研究,并提出解决方案。     

塑料排水板在盐田港工程中的应用

介绍盐田港三期工程及扩建工程,在泥塘区插塑料排水板施工过程中所遇到的难题以及解决办法。主要内容包括：在浮泥面层上插板,由于土体强度过低导致插板机械无法施工;在厚层吹填砂条件下插板频繁断带的问题;以及按工程重要程度及使用要求,规范塑料排水板材质的建议。     

析船舶实施ISM规则中出现“不符合”项目的原因

总结了各港口国监督对船舶实施ISM检查的要点,针对检查中被经常列为“不符合”项目所造成的原因进行分析,得出具有指导意义的结论,以便国际航行船舶采取相应的措施。