基于系统效率最优的CVT混合动力轿车转矩优化分配方法

无级变速器CVT消除了挡位概念,其速比在一定范围内连续可调。配备CVT的混合动力汽车能够实现动力源转矩和传动系统的优化匹配。针对此问题,提出了基于系统效率最优的CVT中度混合动力轿车动力源转矩优化分配方法:。该方法:综合考虑了各个关键部件的效率,以混合动力系统的总体效率为优化目标,以车速、车辆加速度、电池SOC为状态变量,优化分配了驱动工况下各动力源输出转矩,为整车能量管理策略的制定奠定了基础。     

Powertrain system optimization for a heavy-duty hybrid electric bus

This research concerns the design of a powertrain system for a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and presents a new design paradigm for the plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB). The criteria and method for selecting and sizing powertrain components equipped in the plug-in HEB are presented. The plug-in HEB is designed to overcome the vulnerable limitations of driving range and performance of a purely electric vehicle (EV), and it is also designed to improve the fuel economy and exhaust emissions of conventional buses and conventional HEBs. Optimization of the control strategy for the complicated and interconnected propulsion system in the plug-in parallel HEB is one of the most significant factors for achieving higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions in the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In this research, the proposed control strategy was simulated to prove its validity using the ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator) analysis simulation tool.     

多模式机液复合传动装置设计方案分析

液压传动柔性特征适用于起步工况，机液传动高效无级调速特征适用于作业工况，机械传动高效变速特征适用于转场工况。分析集液压传动、机液传动和机械传动为一体的多模式机液复合传动装置的设计思路在汽车工程上具有理论研究意义和实际应用价值。研究了机液复合传动的功率流传递机理，分析了换挡机构处于功率分流机构、复合传动机构、功率汇流机构和后置换挡机构一处或多处时，分段式机液传动装置各自的性能特征。研究结果表明：功率分流传动方式多适用于中小功率车辆，且马达转矩与传动装置输出转矩比值保持不变；功率汇流传动方式多适用于大功率车辆，使小功率液压件传递大功率成为可能，并能够在输出端起到减速增矩的效果；功率分流和功率汇流互换的传动方式可通过控制行星齿轮双接口及后置换挡机构，保证机液复合传动在不同速度分段中的高效运行；当换挡机构在行星齿轮之间时，可在2个不同区段改变行星齿轮机构的特性参数，使得在整个工作区范围内保持合理的功率配额；当采用多段式行星齿轮功率汇流传动方式时，后置换挡机构扩大了传动装置转速和转矩的覆盖范围。根据上述5类机液传动设计思路，提出对应的多模式机液复合传动装置设计方案。以一款用于扫地车的机液复合传动装置为研究对象，进行运动学和动力学分析，确定相关参数，绘制调速曲线和效率特性曲线，并对其挡位切换优化问题做了简要介绍。该方案充分利用液压传动的无级调速性能和机械传动的高效变速性能，较好地满足了车辆起步、作业和转场工况的要求。     

Topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles based on real routes–Part I: Hybrid hydraulic powertrain

In this two-part paper, a topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles (RCVs) based on the simulation of different architectures (internal combustion engine, hybrid electric, and hybrid hydraulic) on real routes is proposed. In this first part, a characterization of a standard route is performed, analyzing the average power consumption and the most frequent working points of an internal combustion engine (ICE) in real routes. This information is used to define alternative powertrain architectures. A hybrid hydraulic powertrain architecture is proposed and modelled. The proposed powertrain model is executed using two different control algorithms, with and without predictive strategies, with data obtained from real routes. A calculation engine (an algorithm which runs the vehicle models on real routes), is presented and used for simulations. This calculation engine has been specifically designed to analyze if the different alternative powertrain delivers the same performance of the original ICE. Finally, the overall performance of the different architectures and control strategies are summarized into a fuel and energy consumption table, which will be used in the second part of this paper to compare with the different architectures based on hybrid electric powertrain. The overall performance of the different architectures indicates that the use of a hybrid hydraulic powertrain with simple control laws can reduce the fuel consumption up to a 14 %.     

CA6100SH8并联混合动力客车工作模式与功率分配研究

以一汽自主开发的CA6100SH8并联混合动力客车为例,简要介绍其总成构型方案和控制系统原理;详细论述了混合动力客车的各种工作模式和各种模式的输入条件、输出结果,以及各种模式中发动机、电机之间的功率分配算法。最后基于离线仿真和整车试验验证了上述工作模式和功率分配算法的正确性。     

Economic value and utility of a powertrain system for a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus

This research is the first to develop a design for a powertain system of a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and presents a new design paradigm of the plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB). The criteria and method for selecting and sizing powertrain components equipped in the plug-in HEB are presented. The plug-in HEB is designed to overcome the vulnerable limitations of driving range and performance of a purely electric vehicle (EV) and to improve fuel economy and exhaust emissions of conventional bus and conventional HEBs. The control strategy of the complicated connected propulsion system in the plug-in parallel HEB is one of the most significant factors in achieving higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions of the HEV. In this research, a new optimal control strategy concept is proposed against existing rule-based control strategies. The optimal powertrain control strategy is obtained through two steps of optimizations: tradeoff optimization for emission control and energy flow optimization based on the instantaneous optimization technique. The proposed powertrain control strategy has the flexibility to adapt to battery SOC, exhaust emission amount, classified driving pattern, driving condition, and engine temperature. The objective of the optimal control strategy is to optimize the fuel consumption, electricity use, and exhaust emissions proper to the performance targets. The proposed control strategy was simulated to prove its validity by using analysis simulation tool ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator).     

Optimal design of three-planetary-gear power-split hybrid powertrains

Many of today’s power-split hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) utilize planetary gears (PGs) to connect the powertrain elements together. Recent power-split HEVs tend to use two PGs and some of them have multiple modes to achieve better fuel economy and driving performance. Looking to the future, hybrid powertrain technologies must be enhanced to design hybrid light trucks. For light trucks, the need for multi-mode and more PGs is stronger, to achieve the required performance. To systematically explore all the possible designs of multi-mode HEVs with three PGs, an efficient searching and optimization methodology is proposed. All possible clutch topology and modes for one existing configuration that uses three PGs were exhaustively searched. The launching performance is first used to screen out designs that fail to satisfy the required launching performance. A near-optimal and computationally efficient energy management strategy was then employed to identify designs that achieve good fuel economy. The proposed design process successfully identify 8 designs that achieve better launching performance and better fuel economy, while using fewer number of clutches than the benchmark and a patented design.     

基于补偿滑模控制的混合动力汽车协调控制

由于行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车的结构优势,双行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车已经成为各机构的研究重点。由纯电动模式到混合驱动模式切换的过程中存在发动机起动和发动机转矩引入,而发动机转矩瞬态响应存在迟滞,导致切换过程中动力系统的输出转矩会有较大波动。为减小波动,降低模式切换过程中的动态冲击度,本文中提出补偿滑模控制方法,对双行星排功率分流式混合动力汽车模式切换进行协调控制。首先,建立整车动力学模型,对切换过程每个模式进行分析;之后,针对发动机拖转阶段和混合驱动阶段分别采用补偿控制和基于固定边界层的自适应滑模控制,并对滑模控制进行稳定性分析;最后,结合Matlab/Simulink软件平台进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,补偿滑模协调控制策略能够有效地减小从纯电动到混合驱动模式切换过程中的转矩波动和冲击度。     

燃料电池电动汽车能量管理系统研究

提出多能源燃料电池加镍氢电池及超级电容燃料电池电动汽车混合动力系统的方案,并设计了动力系统结构。通过比较车载3种能源,给出了动力总成控制系统结构,重点对能量管理系统进行优化,采取燃料电池发动机输出功率预测控制策略,减少了其输出功率的频繁波动。仿真结果证明能量管理策略可行。     

充电式混合动力电动汽车动力系统的参数匹配

针对充电式混合动力电动汽车(PHEV)典型的并联型结构,提出了对其动力系统中发动机功率、电机参数、传动系速比和电池参数等进行匹配的原则、步骤和实施方法.采用该方法对某中型轿车动力系统参数进行了匹配,并用电动汽车仿真软件ADVISOR对整车性能进行了仿真计算.仿真结果表明:该方法是可行和有效的.     

Conceptual design of economic hybrid vehicle system using clutchless geared smart transmission

Most hybrid vehicles employ the continuously variable transmission (CVT or eCVT) currently as their choice of the transmissions. Recently, an automated geared transmission (AGT) or dual clutch transmission (DCT) is being tried for some hybrid vehicles for the better fuel economy than the CVT hybrid. However, this AGT or DCT is using automated clutches which require the hydraulic power in addition to the slippage in the clutch plate invoking some energy loss as well as wear. Also, they require a motor with significant power to match to the engine power. The clutchless geared smart transmission (CGST) has no clutch and the clutch function is performed by a planetary gear system controlled by a motor-generator. The hybrid vehicles proposed here using CGST may have some merits in durability, fuel efficiency, and cost since they do not have clutches. The motor used for the clutch function can be also working for power merge with the engine in propelling the vehicle. The proposed hybrid system can be either mild hybrid or full hybrid by adopting a different capacity of battery with much smaller motor-generator due to the planetary gear system compared to the other type hybrid vehicles. In this study, the prospects of newly proposed CGST hybrid system are examined in practical aspects compared with AGT hybrid or DCT hybrid systems.     

Simulation of a powertrain system for the diesel hybrid electric bus

The plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB) is designed to overcome the vulnerable driving range and performance limitations of a purely electric vehicle (EV) and have an improved fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions than those of a conventional bus and convention HEBs. The control strategy of the plug-in parallel HEB??s complicated connected propulsion system is one of the most significant factors for achieving a higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions than those of the HEV. The proposed powertrain control strategy has flexibility in adapting to the battery??s state of charge (SOC), exhaust emissions, classified driving patterns, driving conditions, and engine temperature. Simulation is required to model hybrid powertrain systems and test and develop powertrain control strategies for the plug-in parallel HEB. This paper describes the simulation analysis tools, powertrain components?? models and modifications, simulation procedure, and simulation results.     

Plug-in混合动力汽车动力总成优化设计研究

应用PSAT前向仿真软件,建立了双离合器式并联PHEV仿真模型.在确定了PHEV整车性能约束条件并对动力总成主要部件进行了成本分析之后,对不同伞电力续驶哩程和动力电池类型的PHEV动力总成进行了优化.结果表明:动力电池设计容量对整车成本影响最大,而它主要取决于所要求的全电力续驶里程;随着所要求的全电力续驶里程的增大,所需电机最大输出功率升高,而发动机最大输出功率则降低.     

Motor control of input-split hybrid electric vehicles

A motor control strategy for an input-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is proposed. From a power characteristic analysis, it is found that the powertrain efficiency decreases for speed ratios at which power circulation occurs. Using dynamic models of an input-split HEV powertrain, a motor-generator control algorithm for obtaining high system efficiency is designed by inversion-based control. The performance of the control algorithm is evaluated by the simulator which is developed based on PSAT, and simulation results are compared with the test results. It is found that, even if the engine thermal efficiency is sacrificed by moving the engine operation point from the OOL for the control strategy, improved overall powertrain system efficiency can be achieved by the engine operation that gives a relatively high efficiency from the viewpoint of the overall powertrain efficiency. The control algorithm developed can be used in design of future electric vehicles.     

四轮驱动混合动力汽车动力系统设计

根据混合动力系统零部件选型设计原则和整车在运行条件下的功率、扭矩需求,确定了动力系统的发动机、SSG、轮毂电机和蓄电池的性能参数,并进行了优化匹配、建模仿真和道路试验。结果表明,所设计的混合动力系统可满足整车的性能要求,所述方法和所得结果为混合动力系统的设计提供了理论基础。     

Modeling and control strategy development of a parallel hybrid electric bus

This paper presents the system modeling, control strategy design, and experiment validation of a parallel hybrid electric bus with an automatic manual transmission (AMT) and a dry clutch. The mathematical model representation and the system architecture of the powertrain are first described. Next, a complete control scheme including energy management strategy and coordinated control of the AMT and the clutch is presented. The controller and powertrain models are then integrated in a way that the power management and the hybrid driveline perform in real world. The analysis and validation through model simulation and comparison with experiment data are conducted. A good agreement between the model and experiment demonstrates the efficacy and credibility of the integrated model. The integrated model is employed in both simulation and bench-test assessments for the development of a hybrid control unit. The results indicate that the model-based design methodology is beneficial to systematically analyzing and understanding the dynamics of hybrid electric powertrain.     

Development of an auxiliary mode powertrain for hybrid electric scooter

This paper proposes a design and implementation of an auxiliary mode, hybrid electric scooter (HES) by means of more cost-effective way for improving scooter’s performance and efficiency. The HES is built in a parallel hybrid configuration with a 24V 370W auxiliary power electric motor, a 24V 20AH battery, and an electronically controlled fuel injection internal combustion engine (ICE) scooter. In contrast to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the issues concerning cost, volume, and reliability are even more rigorous when developing hybrid electric scooters (HESs). Therefore, the drive topology and control strategy used in HEV cannot be applied to HES directly. In order to hasten the developing phase and achieve the parametric tune-up of the HES component, a dynamic simulation model for the HES is developed here. Because the powertrain system is complex and nonlinear in nature, the simulation model utilizes mathematical models in tandem with accumulated experimental data. The method about the mathematical model construction, analysis and simulation of the hybrid powertrain used in a scooter are fully described. The efficacy of the model was verified experimentally on a scooter chassis dynamometer and the performance of the proposed hybrid powertrain is studied using the developed model under a representative urban driving cycle. Finally, Simulation and experimental results confirm the feasibility and prosperity of the proposed hybrid HES and indicate that the designed hybrid system can improve the fuel consumption rate up to 15% compared with the original scooter.     

用于混合动力控制的汽油机动态转矩建模仿真

针对混合动力系统能量管理及动力平稳传递控制策略开发的需要,以MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件为工具,建立了发动机平均值模型,模型能够根据发动机转速和节气门开度实时计算出发动机的稳态和动态转矩。在发动机动态试验台上验证了该模型,表明模型达到了需要的计算精度和实时性要求。对给定的转矩曲线进行动态跟随时发动机的节气门开度变化情况进行了仿真分析。模型可用于混合动力控制策略开发中的仿真及在线转矩估计,为并联式混合动力系统能量分配和动态协调控制中的发动机转矩反馈提供了基础。     

Matlab-based modeling,simulation and design package for Eletric,Hydraulic and Flywheel hybrid powertrains of a city bus

In this paper a package for designing, modelling and simulation of three hybrid powertrains are presented. These powertrains are Electric hybrid, Hydraulic hybrid and Flywheel hybrid. The differences among the proposed hybrid powertrains include the energy storage system components, the secondary power converter and also the powertrain configuration. The O457 city bus is considered as the benchmark vehicle. At first, the design process for each hybrid powertrain which is based on the power requirements of the bus in any driving condition is presented. Then, the powertrains modelling using MATLAB/Simulink as a powerful simulating tool is presented. The models are feed-forward and resemble the real world driving conditions. Each model has the blocks for the main components of the corresponding propulsion system. The most important stage in the modeling process is implementing of the components efficiency in each powertrain. Moreover, there is a block in each hybrid powertrain model for the energy management. Finally, the simulation results for comparing the usefulness of the hybrid powertrains are presented. The results indicate that the electric hybrid powertrain has the most effect on reducing the bus fuel consumption. But regarding the fabrication expenses and manufacturing complexity, the hydraulic hybrid powertrain is recommended.     

并联式混合动力电动汽车动力总成控制器硬件在环仿真

通过对EQ6110并联式混合动力城市客车的动力总成系统结构和控制系统的分析,研制开发了用于并联式混合动力电动汽车(PHEV)的动力总成控制器设计开发的硬件在环仿真系统;详细介绍了动力总成各个部件仿真模型的建立,包括发动机模型、电机模型、动力电池模型以及传动系统模型等;通过Matlab/Simulink的建模,运用dSPACE实时计算系统成功地构建了PHEV多能源动力总成控制器的硬件在环仿真系统;最后进行了PHEV动力总成控制器硬件在环仿真的测试试验研究。