一种正弦函数修饰的船舶航向保持策略

为了解决船舶在大风浪天气下转向舵机能量消耗大,航向不易保持,舵机磨损程度大的难题,在传统控制器PID的基础上加上非线性正弦函数进行修饰,以大连海事大学新下水船舶"育鹏"轮为船舶模型,建立了Norrbin船舶运动数学模型,在七级风浪海况下进行航向保持控制仿真实验。实验结果表明,在非线性修饰的情况下,舵机节能效果明显,鲁棒性能好,调整参数少,对控制器的设计具有指导意义。     

基于反馈线性化的船舶自动舵动态滑模控制

针对船舶自动舵的航向控制问题,结合高阶滑模和动态滑模控制的设计思想设计了一种船舶自动舵动态滑模控制器.首先设计出包含舵机特性的船舶航向控制仿射非线性系统模型,其次通过状态反馈的方法将原模型变为等价的完全可控型线性化系统,然后设计出动态滑模控制器.仿真结果表明,所设计的动态滑模控制器不仅能很好的自动跟踪设定的航向,而且能有效的抑制系统的抖振现象,达到设计目的,为研究船舶自动舵控制提供一种参考.     

简化的鲁棒自适应自动舵控制算法设计

为研究船舶航向非线性系统的自适应跟踪控制问题,在考虑舵机伺服系统特性的情况下,提出一种简化的鲁棒自适应神经网络动态面控制算法.采用RBF神经网络逼近模型不确定性,简化自适应参数调整方法,解决了动态面控制自适应参数过多的问题.该算法设计的控制器复杂性低且只有1个在线调整自适应参数,易于工程实现.该算法可以保证闭环信号的渐近稳定,使航向跟踪误差任意小.仿真结果验证了控制器的有效性.     

船舶驾驶台式操船模拟系统的设计和实现

本文设计并实现了综合船舶航向控制与船舶旋转运动的半物理实验仿真系统,该系统主要由工控机、数据采集卡、自动舵机、罗经、变频器等硬件设备组成.通过模型解算得到船舶在各种海况下的运动状态,经过PI控制器输出变频器的转速控制信号,控制转台跟踪船舶模型.试验结果表明,该系统可以模拟出海上船舶的实际运动状态,为陆上教学实习提供了良好的环境.     

非线性船舶航向自抗扰控制器的仿真研究

良好的航向操控对于应对船舶航行环境和突发情况具有现实意义。本文首先分析非线性船舶航向控制模型,在此基础上设计自抗扰控制器,并对其参数进行调整。最后与传统的PID控制器进行仿真对比,实验结果表明二阶自抗扰控制器能准确跟踪船舶,并且航向保持控制精度高。     

船舶航向计算动词PID自动舵设计

研究一种新的智能控制算法——计算动词PID控制算法在船舶航向控制器设计中应用.以非线性船舶运动模型为对象,详细地设计了一种计算动词PID控制器,并应用MATLAB软件进行仿真试验.仿真结果表明该智能控制器能够快速准确地跟踪设定航向,同时表明当模型参数摄动时,具有强鲁棒性.     

一种新型船舶航向智能PID控制器优化设计

借鉴免疫系统的免疫响应调节机制,对传统PID控制器进行改进,建立一种非线性自适应免疫PID控制器,并利用粒子群算法对设计的PID控制器进行参数优化.将设计的控制器用于船舶航向控制系统中,实验仿真结果表明:该控制器能很好的根据船舶动态特性的变化,自动地进行适应性免疫调节,具有跟踪速度快、航向控制超调小以及抗扰性强等优点.     

基于响应模型在线辨识的航向鲁棒优化控制

为进一步解决船舶航向控制中模型不确定性的问题,实现鲁棒航向控制器的参数优化,将基于闭环增益成形算法的二阶鲁棒航向控制器参数分成模型参数和干扰带宽参数两部分。对于模型参数摄动,直接利用遗传算法对响应型船舶运动模型参数进行在线辨识;同时,针对海况变化引起航向保持性能下降的情况,综合考虑航向保持精度和舵机节能优化干扰带宽参数,从而实现控制器参数的双重在线优化。仿真结果表明,与固定参数控制器相比其具有更高的航向保持精度、更小的航向调节时间和超调幅度。该系统对于模型摄动和外界干扰具有较好的自适应能力,具有明显的工程应用价值。     

船舶旋回与航向保持的计算机仿真

根据已知“育鹏轮”的八项主要参数,建立三自由度状态空间型船舶数学模型。考虑到仿真的真实性,根据船舶舵机的特性,建立舵机模型,添加到船舶模型之前。应用MATLABSIMULINK功能,进行船舶回转实验仿真,得出船舶的稳定回转半径。再为船舶设计一个PID控制器,手动调节该控制器的参数,使控制效果最佳,得出调节时间和最大超调量,证明此种船舶控制的有效性。     

63kN·m船舶液压舵机的研究与改进

针对传统63kN.m液压舵机的不足进行了分析研究,提出改进方案,实现自动操舵方式,建立了自动舵的仿真模型,并对其动态特性进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,应用可编程控制器(PLC)和同轴流量放大器的自动舵完全满足船舶航向控制要求。     

Application of H∞ control in rudder/flap vector robust control of a ship''s course

Given the uncertainty of parameters and the random nature of disturbances that effect a ships course, a robust course controller should be designed on the basis of rudder/flap vector control. This paper analyzes system uncertainty, and the choice of weighting functions is also discussed. When sea waves operate on a ship, the energy-concentrating frequency varies with the angle of encounter. For different angles of encounter, different weighting functions are designed. For the pole of a nominal model existing in an imaginary axis, the bilinear-transform method is used. The "2-Riccati" equation is adopted to solve the H∞ controller. A system simulation is given, and the results show that, compared with a PID controller, this system has higher course precision and more robust performance. This research has significant engineering value.     

基于混合遗传算法的无人船自动航向控制方法

本文针对无人船航向控制提出了基于模糊及遗传算法的控制策略。考虑无人船航向控制,以及无人船航向控制具有强非线性和不确定性,本文将智能策略和常规策略作为无人船航向的舵角控制作为主要控制框架。通过导引律计算期望的角度,并根据自主船的无人船航向控制动态模型进行分析。该模型考虑了舵和船舶推进系统的物理阈值,提出了一种适用于不同无人船航向控制的自适应控制算法,借助增益调度方法(GS),利用PID控制器和遗传算法(GA)对不同的操作点进行全流程的(GS-PID-GA)混合优化。通过真实数据比例缩小进行模型实验并与传统控制方法进行比较,验证了所提出的控制方法的有效性。     

新型船舶运动控制平台及海上试验

研制出一艘以水动力学相似准则缩尺的无人驾驶遥控模型船，模型船装有PC／104为主控计算机的船舶控制器，模型船由岸上主PC机遥控，用Honeywell公司的HMR3000碰罗经测量航导，用差分GPS系统定位，自主控制和推进，该遥控篡自治船舶运动控制已经进行了两次海上试验并取得成功，本文介绍该平台的系统设计，控制系统硬件和软件和海上试验经。     

船舶舵鳍联合减摇模糊变结构控制研究

分析了船舶运动的非线性模型,根据实际情况进行假设,得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程,把非线性船舶舵鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型;将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统,进行了舵鳍联合控制,设计了舵鳍联合控制器和分散非线性变结构控制器,为了改善控制的品质,又进一步提出了模糊趋近律变结构控制的方法,最后针对减摇控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究。仿真结果表明:舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇,并能尽可能的减小横荡。     

Application of H∞ control in rudder/flap vector robust control of a ship＇s course

Given the uncertainty of parameters and the random nature of disturbances that effect a ships course, a robust course controller should be designed on the basis of rudder/flap vector control. This paper analyzes system uncertainty, and the choice of weighting functions is also discussed. When sea waves operate on a ship, the energy-concentrating frequency varies with the angle of encounter. For different angles of encounter, different weighting functions are designed. For the pole of a nominal model existing in an imaginary axis, the bilinear-transform method is used. The ＂2-Riccati＂ equation is adopted to solve the H∞ controller. A system simulation is given, and the results show that, compared with a PID controller, this system has higher course precision and more robust performance. This research has significant engineering value.     

Prediction of ship steering capabilities with a fully nonlinear ship motion model. Part 1: Maneuvering in calm water

This paper introduces a new method for the prediction of ship maneuvering capabilities. The new method is added to a nonlinear six-degrees-of-freedom ship motion model named the digital, self-consistent ship experimental laboratory (DiSSEL). Based on the first principles of physics, when the ship is steered, the additional surge and sway forces and the yaw moment from the deflected rudder are computed. The rudder forces and moments are computed using rudder parameters such as the rudder area and the local flow velocity at the rudder, which includes contributions from the ship velocity and the propeller slipstream. The rudder forces and moments are added to the forces and moments on the hull, which are used to predict the motion of the ship in DiSSEL. The resulting motions of the ship influence the inflow into the rudder and thereby influence the force and moment on the rudder at each time step. The roll moment and resulting heel angle on the ship as it maneuvers are also predicted. Calm water turning circle predictions are presented and correlated with model test data for NSWCCD model 5514, a pre-contract DDG-51 hull form. Good correlations are shown for both the turning circle track and the heel angle of the model during the turn. The prediction for a ship maneuvering in incident waves will be presented in Part 2. DiSSEL can be applied for any arbitrary hull geometry. No empirical parameterization is used, except for the influence of the propeller slipstream on the rudder, which is included using a flow acceleration factor.     

基于舵角信息的航向修正和横漂速度估计算法研究

阐述了舰船在机动情况时舵角反馈信号对航向精度的提高以及对横漂速度的估计作用,结合舰船的运动模型和航向角H与舵角β的关系模型,考虑横漂速度对舰位的影响,引入舵角反馈信息,建立了有舵角反馈信息参与的kal-man滤波模型,并利用Matlab软件将有/无舵角信息参与的kalman滤波模型进行了比较,结果显示有舵角信息参与的kal-man滤波模型效果较好。     

船舶航向模糊滑模控制器的设计与仿真

In considering the characteristic of a rudder,the maneuvers of a ship were described by an unmatched uncertain nonlinear mathematic model with unknown virtual control coefficient and parameter uncertainties.In order to solve the uncertainties in the ship heading control,specifically the controller singular and paramount re-estimation problem,a new multiple sliding-mode adaptive fuzzy control algorithm was proposed by combining Nussbaum gain technology,the approximation property of fuzzy logic systems,and a multiple sliding-mode control algorithm.Based on the Lyapunov function,it was proven in theory that the controller made all signals in the nonlinear system of unmatched uncertain ship motion uniformly bounded,with tracking errors converging to zero.Simulation results show that the demonstrated controller design can track a desired course fast and accurately.It also exhibits strong robustness peculiarity in relation to system uncertainties and disturbances.     

深海石油平台支援船动力定位数学模型与仿真研究

根据深海石油平台支援船(OSV)的特点,研究了风、浪、流、推进器和舵的数学模型,并用MATLAB里的M文件对船舶的回转运动以及在风浪流作用下的运动进行了仿真,结果与实验一致,验证了数学模型的合理性.     

Circular motion tests and uncertainty analysis for ship maneuverability

Circular motion test data and uncertainty analysis results of investigations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship maneuvering are presented. The model ships used were a container ship and two tankers, and the measured items were the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, propeller thrust, rudder normal and tangential forces, pitch and roll angles, and heave. The test parameters were the oblique angle and yaw rate for the conditions of a hull with a rudder and propeller in which the rudder angle was set to zero and the propeller speed was set to the model self-propulsion conditions. Carriage data showing the accuracy of the towing conditions in the circular motion test are also presented. It was confirmed that the uncertainties in the hydrodynamic forces such as the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, rudder tangential and normal forces, and propeller thrust were fairly small. The reported uncertainty analysis results of the circular motion test data may be beneficial in validating data quality and in discussing reliability for simulation of ship maneuvering performance.