军民融合式推进我国海洋环境研究工作

海洋环境研究是建设海洋强国,海军走向深蓝的基本保障,以军民融合的方式推进我国海洋环境研究有着重要的现实意义。美国作为世界头号海洋强国,其发展经验值得借鉴。本文简述美国海洋环境研究中的军民融合,分析其主要做法和特点,提出对我国的启示和建议。     

国外海洋环境观测系统和技术发展趋势

阐述海洋环境观测系统的内涵和重要作用,总结梳理了国际合作层面以及美国、英国、俄罗斯和日本等国海洋环境观测系统与技术现状,研究提出了国外海洋环境观测系统与技术在体系架构、观测手段和信息处理技术等层面的体系化、网络化、标准化等发展趋势,并给出了我国海洋环境观测的深度军民融合、利用成熟高新技术、扩展辅助决策应用等发展建议。     

浅析海上“军民融合”类航海保障项目管理

推进海上"军民融合"工作深度发展,是实现海洋强国战略的重要举措,海事航保部门充分发挥自身职能特色,参与我国海上经济建设和国防建设方面的重要工作,本文结合工作实践,分析了海上"军民融合"类航海保障项目的管理特点,并提出后续建议。     

海洋环境监测是海洋发展和维权的支撑

海洋维权装备必须适应海洋环境,海洋环境又无休止地影响着海洋装备的功能和性能.要想提高装备技术水平,发挥装备的最大效能,在应用和研制装备的同时,要充分了解海洋环境对装备的诸多影响,要研究海洋环境与装备相关性技术.本文根据海洋维权装备发展顶层设计的需求,从功能上定性地探讨分析海洋环境对雷达探测、水声探测、目标识别、精确制导、信号传输、导航定位等方面的影响,提出海洋维权装备对海洋环境的适应性要求和对海洋环境效应技术的支撑性需求,提出把海洋环境监测要素纳入海战场辅助决策体系.海洋环境监测既是人类认知海洋、开发海洋、防灾救灾、海战场建设的需要,又是海洋发展和维权的支撑和先导,军民共建,军民共享,为发展海洋经济,保护海洋权益而励志奋进!     

建设海洋强国与提升海洋法治意识

党的十九大报告提出,"坚持陆海统筹,加快建设海洋强国。"2018年,习近平总书记在青岛考察工作时也指出,"海洋经济发展前途无量,建设海洋强国必须进一步关心海洋、认识海洋、经略海洋。"这一重要论断思想深刻,内涵丰富,对建设海洋强国、航运强国具有重要指导意义。改革开放以来,我国海洋法治建设快速发展,海洋立法为发展海洋经济、保护海洋环境、维护海洋权益提供了法律保障。在当前及今后相当长时期内,结合实际培育海洋文化,提升海洋法治意识,有利于服务建设海洋强国的目标。     

海上战争中的动态海洋及动态海洋声学环境平台探讨

水声设备和其相关技术是舰船在航海中的犀利的眼睛,目前动态海洋环境已经成为水声学及其相关技术发展的瓶颈.基丁海洋地理信息、海洋气象、海洋水文及其动态物理规律的动态海洋环境系统平台,以及由此衍生的动态海洋声学环境平台,是现代海战的基本支撑环境.结合海洋学、水声学等多学科的大型综合的海洋考察实验足国外同行研究的一个前沿;共同筹建一套综合的适于现代海上战争战略战术的动态海洋环境平台,也将是我国海洋学、水声学、海军等相关领域相互协作的奋斗方向.     

海洋空间情报大数据应用发展

为探索海洋空间情报大数据服务的深度价值,分析海洋空间情报大数据组成,研究海洋空间情报大数据融合处理、挖掘分析和可视化等关键技术,探索海洋空间情报大数据助力全球智能航海保障体系建设、E-航海战略支撑、增强现实(Augmented Reality, AR)海洋环境仿真、海洋空间情报预警决策等应用模式,提出海洋空间情报大数据未来发展的主要方向和关键问题。将大数据与海洋地理空间技术进行深度结合,实现海洋空间情报大数据在海洋业务领域的高效利用,达到利用海洋空间情报大数据保障海洋安全与和谐发展的目的。探索性的研究对于实施海洋空间情报大数据服务国家海洋强国战略具有重要的战略意义。     

我国船舶领域军民融合形势下的军品贸易发展及需求分析

船舶领域军品贸易是国际军贸的重要组成部分。随着全球军事政治形势的发展变化,船舶军品贸易世界格局不断呈现新的特点。壮大船舶领域军贸产品生产实力,持续拓展国际市场,已成为当前各军事强国的重要发展战略。近年来,我国船舶领域军品贸易市场份额稳中有升。积极开展军民融合标准化工作,深化船舶对外军贸领域技术、管理标准的军民融合改革,完善相关政策法规,实施标准化管理,将有效提升我国船舶领域军贸产品的设计、建造和出口水平,助力我国跻身世界船舶军品贸易强国之列。     

海洋科考装备体系构建及发展方向研究

本文以海洋科考需求为牵引,提出了多层级海洋科考装备体系;分析了国内外各类海洋科考装备的发展现状,提出了海洋科考装备的发展趋势;针对我国海洋科考装备存在的问题,提出了制定顶层规划、加大装备研发和军民融合发展的重点方向建议,为我国深海和极地科考装备技术发展提供参考。     

海洋的重要地位及国际海洋形势对我国的影响分析

海洋在世界范围内,特别是对沿海国家,有着十分重要的地位。国家在海洋上的谋划,关系到国家的长远安全,对海洋的开发利用,关系到国家的生存和发展。本文围绕海洋的重要地位、国际海洋形势对我国的影响进行了分析。文章认为,我国面临着严峻的国际海洋形势,有机遇,但更多的是挑战,实现海洋强国是中华民族伟大复兴的重要战略措施,捍卫海洋权益,发展海洋经济,保护海洋环境已逐步成为国人的共识。     

Research Review of Collaborative Ecosystem-Based Management in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

The welfare of the marine environment is threatened worldwide. In order to maintain ecosystem services management must shift from single sector to ecosystem approaches. To support this transition in marine management, this article reviews collaborative ecosystem-based management in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), through an overview and comparison of three collaborations on the United States West Coast of California, Oregon, and Washington. The achievements of these collaborations are demonstrated. Networking and extending collaboration throughout the entire region is shown to be essential for environmental conservation and sustainable development in the CCLME.     

A Practice-Based Coupling of the Precautionary Principle to the Large Marine Ecosystem Fisheries Management Concept with a Policy Orientation: The Northeast United States Continental Shelf as a Case Example

This article addresses interdisciplinary sustainable aspects of fisheries as part of ocean management. Human-caused impacts and their role as modifiers of living marine resources is discussed. The research note also theorizes about contemporary global change and its prospective biological consequences, especially when coupled with human-induced factors in coastal marine waters. Also addressed is the management and ecological aspects of fish stock populations as part of a large marine ecosystem (LME) in the Northeast United States continental shelf of the Atlantic Ocean with suggestions for an interdisciplinary policy orientation paradigm to foster the sustainability of marine life in the sea.     

Public law litigation and marine affairs: The boldt decision

Abstract

The management and conservation of the marine environment and its natural resources are increasingly understood to be issues of public policy with consequences for society at large. On a variety of dramatic occasions over the last decades, the federal judiciary has departed from its traditionally passive role in the shaping of social policy. This paper examines a critical marine controversy, the Boldt Decision (U.S. v. Washington 1974), to illustrate and evaluate nontraditional judicial behavior. The first two sections introduce Indian‐United States treaties concerning Pacific Northwest salmon resources, and the unfolding of the Boldt Decision. A third section argues that a “public law”; model of litigation fits the legal events of the Boldt Decision. A fourth section addresses the competence of the Boldt court as it is manifest in judicial organization, analysis, and implementation. A final section comments on the potential for public law litigation elsewhere in the governing of marine affairs.     

IMO自愿审核机制下我国海事监管对策研究

国际海事组织（IM0）为了促进国际海上安全和海洋环境保护公约的有效实施,于2006年开始推行“IMO成员国自愿审核机制”。文中第一部分简要介绍了IMO自愿审核机制,分析了该机制的产生原因和运作过程;第二部分分析了该机制的实施可能给中国海事监管工作带来的影响;第三部分通过对自愿审核机制的认识,尝试性地提出我国海事主管机关应对自愿审核的对策性建议。     

The Evaluation of the 2nd Ocean Plan in Korea: Focused on the Implementing Power of the Plan

There seem to be two types of ocean planning system in the world. First, the federal or united government suggests a basic framework of the plan which is followed by states, countries or areas as shown in the European Union, the United States, Canada, Australia, and so on. Second, a powerful central government prepares a basic ocean plan that guides the following sector plans of the relevant ministries. These cases are shown in Japan, Korea, and China. In Korea, the 2nd Ocean and Fishery Development Plan (OK21, 2011–2020) was made as a comprehensive ocean plan reflecting recent natural and social changes including global warming. The OK21 is declarative in its nature, and so evaluated by its sector plans, which have some specific implementing means such as budgets and manpower, organization, and so on, by the relevant laws. The 2nd OK21 is supported by 21 legally binding sector plans, 14 more than in the 1st plan, thus guaranteeing more effective implementation than in the 1st plan. In addition, most of sector plans are planned to be carried out through the well-coordinated system among the related ministries, thus showing a high degree of implementing efficiency of the plan. Every marine area in the plan, including marine environment, is being supported by more sector plans than before, indicating the equitable development of marine areas in the future. In sum, the 2nd OK21 is expected to show more implementing power due to the well-organized sector plans than in the 1st plan.     

Learning from Ecosystem-Based Management in Practice

We explore how marine ecosystem–based management (EBM) is translated from theory to practice at six sites with varying ecological and institutional contexts. Based on these case studies, we report on the goals, strategies, and outcomes of each project and what we can learn from these efforts to guide future implementation and assessment. In particular, we focus on how projects dealt with the challenges of working across geographic scales and diverse governance arrangements. While we hypothesized that EBM in the United States would be distinct from EBM in developing countries due to differences in social and political factors, we found that sites faced similar challenges. Variation among sites appeared to be more closely related to the preexisting management context and the scale at which the projects began rather than to clear differences between the United States and developing country contexts. EBM project implementers were able to overcome many of these challenges by focusing on a limited number of specific objectives, starting at a small scale, pursuing adaptive management, and monitoring a diverse set of indicators. These findings are directly relevant to current and future EBM efforts in these and other places.     

Ocean Citizenship: An Emergent Geographical Concept

Ocean citizenship describes a relationship between our everyday lives and the health of the coastal and marine environment. Through our everyday lives we affect, and are affected by, the marine and coastal environment in numerous ways. As such, individuals have a responsibility to make informed lifestyle choices to minimize this impact. In doing so, the actions of individuals can contribute to the amelioration of large-scale and seemingly insurmountable geographical problems. This article outlines the concept of ocean citizenship within the context of the public understanding of marine environmental issues. The article draws heavily on the experience of the National Maritime Museum as an important contributor to the development of ocean citizenship in the United Kingdom. Specifically, the Planet Ocean initiative will be examined, in which the Museum has adopted a multimodal approach to public engagement through exhibitions, educational resources, and specific research publications. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of geography in the development and sustainability of ocean citizenship.     

美军标改革与军民融合发展的启示

介绍美军标改革的主要内容以及取得的成效,分析美军标军民融合发展的要求和采取的具体措施,总结美军标的发展趋势,并提出美军标改革发展带给我们的启示,以期为我国军民融合标准化工作提供借鉴。     

长三角造船业风险及其防范研究

造船业不仅是资金密集、技术密集、劳动力密集的产业,也是风险密集的产业。造船业是一个高投入、低利润、高风险的行业,受美国次贷危机、全球股市剧烈震荡等因素影响,世界经济宏观环境变数增多,造船市场也受到了重大影响。航运市场波动风险、产能过剩风险、利率上调风险、技术风险、船东风险、价格风险、汇率风险等各种风险正在逐渐逼近长三角造船业。     

IMO自愿审核机制在航标领域的审核及对策研究

近年来,国际海事组织（IMO）为了促进国际海上安全和海洋环境保护公约的有效实施,于2006年开始推行“IMO成员国自愿审核机制”。文中第一部分分析了该机制的产生原因和运作过程;第二部分分析了该机制的实施可能给中国带来的影响;第三部分根据SOLAS公约和IALA建议提出了审核机制在航标管理方面的审核内容;在最后一部分通过对中国航标管理现状的分析,尝试性地提出了几个对策性建议。