1981-2020年粤东四市极端降水特征分析

选取粤东四市63个代表站近40年逐日降水资料,选用3个极端降水指数,采用Mann-Kendall检验法进行计算,开展粤东四市极端降水特征分析。结果表明：粤东四市的极端降水空间分布基本呈现山区高,平原低的趋势,从西部地区到东部地区逐渐减少,与该地区的降水特性相符。此外汕尾市的3种极端降水指数均比其余3市高,需着重加强该地区防汛工作。     

极端事件对水利工程的致灾影响分析

全球气候变化导致极端事件频发,对水利工程安全的影响不容忽视。首先对极端事件的概念和意义进行了阐述,继而分别分析了台风、高温干旱及地震等极端事件及其对水利工程的致灾影响,并通过实例进行了说明。分析可知,极端事件对水利工程的致灾影响具有突发性、不确定性及影响的严重性,应予以重视,以有效减少损失。     

永久系泊FPSO在极端天气下的防损策略

针对近几年中国海域多次出现超过现役FPSO设计环境条件的超强台风,导致永久系泊FPSO在风浪流作用下,单点系泊力可能超出安全限值的问题,选取南海某永久系泊FPSO,利用水动力模型,以所在海域百年一遇环境条件,计算FPSO在不同装载工况的最大系泊力,结果表明,不同装载工况导致FPSO承受的系泊力差异较大,分析极端天气对永...     

深井降水及PPR管轻型井点降水相结合降水施工

结合京杭运河八里湾船闸工程施工,提出了采用深井与PPR管轻型井点降水相结合的方法,使地质为粉土、粘土互层的船闸深基坑处于干地施工状态。论述了施工方法、工艺特点、选用理由、施工方案流程等,提出了质量控制方法,在工程施工应用中取得了预想的效果。     

大型水利枢纽工程深井降水理论与实践

根据深井降水设计理论,阐明综合渗透系数和井群性质的确定、基坑涌水量的计算、滤料规格的设计、深井数量的计算、基坑内增加井的意义、以及及时洗井的重要性;结合深井降水工程实践,介绍国外降水设备的选择,并根据PVC井管的特性,探索合理的洗井方法。实践表明,降水效果与理论分析、计算相吻合。     

基坑降水数值模拟计算

基坑降水在大型建筑施工中往往是一个必须的过程,文中基于地下水动力学及数值模拟理论,运用Processing modflow建立了某建筑施工中基坑降水的地下水三维流动数值型,分析了基坑降水过程中地下水位变化规律并计算了基坑降水排水量。     

极端循环载荷下船体开口板的极限强度研究

在材料运动硬化和各向同性硬化存在的情况下,分析开孔参数对极端循环加载下开口板极限强度的影响.结果表明:在前四次循环中,开口板的极限强度迅速下降并趋于稳定;与矩形开口相比,长圆形开口的板具有更高的极限强度,而相对强化比随着循环时间的延长而减小;开孔位置也是影响结构强度的重要参数,在纵向上,靠近边缘开孔的板强度较高,而在横向上,靠近中心开孔的板强度较高;对比三种开孔加固方法,Carling加强法在多次循环荷载作用下仍保持较好的加固效果.     

浅谈基坑降水发展及优化设计

本文叙述了基坑降水发展历史、基坑降水作用、降水的基本方法、通常情况下的基坑降水设计和降水优化设计,并展望了基坑降水优化设计的发展趋势.     

一次没有结束的成功会议——解读哥本哈根气候变化大会

经过13天的艰苦谈判,哥本哈根气候变化大会终于达成了《哥本哈根协议》,于12月19日落下帷幕。尽管这份不具有法律约束力的协议低于外界的预期,但是这毕竟是一份值得称颂的协议。这份协议是在各方共同努力下,锁定共识,传承成果,明确方向,维护了全球应对气候变化大局和坚持“共同但有区别的责任”原则,     

Reframing Engagement Methods for Climate Change Adaptation

Climate change poses known and unknown risks for coastal communities and also challenges for university faculty and local government staff who communicate about cli- mate sciences. Conceived as a way to move beyond traditional models of science communication, this project involved public and private decision makers in specific at-risk communities in Oregon (U.S. Pacific coast) and Maine (Atlantic coast). Both state projects sought to move behavior toward decisive action that results in coastal communities that are more resilient to climate variability at all scales. To promote engagement between project staffs and publics, a dialogic model of communication was advanced, beginning with interviews and focus groups that in turn shaped further engagement through workshops and targeted video products. This means of communication led to a deeper understanding of participants’ knowledge, beliefs, perceptions, values, and barriers to action related to climate change and its effects. Coinciding with this, project participant evaluations in both Oregon and Maine indicate that the workshops and videos were successful at informing them on this complex issue; and in both states, project participation led to action outcomes. We believe that applied elsewhere our multifaceted and adaptive approach will garner similar results, provided sufficient dedicated staffing and attention to methods.     

Integrating Climate and Ocean Change Vulnerability into Conservation Planning

Tropical coastal and marine ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to ocean warming, ocean acidification, and sea-level rise. Yet these projected climate and ocean change impacts are rarely considered in conservation planning due to the lack of guidance on how existing climate and ocean change models, tools, and data can be applied. Here, we address this gap by describing how conservation planning can use available tools and data for assessing the vulnerability of tropical marine ecosystems to key climate threats. Additionally, we identify limitations of existing tools and provide recommendations for future research to improve integration of climate and ocean change information and conservation planning. Such information is critical for developing a conservation response that adequately protects these ecosystems and dependent coastal communities in the face of climate and ocean change.     

Climate Change and Tourist Comfort on Europe's Beaches in Summer: A Reassessment

Major impacts of climate change have been projected for tourism in Europe. Typically, these projections took general tourism activities such as sight-seeing and their climate requirements as their point of reference. The purpose of this study is to reassess the impact of climate change, by looking specifically at beach tourism in summer, a crucial market segment in Europe and more specifically in the Mediterranean. As beach tourism requires relatively high temperatures, relatively modest shifts in attractiveness are found. With respect to climate, the Mediterranean is likely to remain Europe's prime region for summer-time beach tourism for at least the next 50 years. Coastal managers in Mediterranean destinations are advised to focus some of their attention on other climate change impacts such as sea-level rise or water availability, and include environmental quality and diversification of activities in their deliberations. In non-Mediterranean regions, a promising strategy may be to focus on short- and medium-distance visitors who can take advantage of the new opportunities for beach tourism, and to explore the merits of seasonal climate forecasting.     

Climate Change and Coastal Management Decisions: Insights from Christchurch Bay,UK

The integration of climate change adaptation considerations into management of the coast poses major challenges for decision makers. This article reports on a case study undertaken in Christchurch Bay, UK, examining local capacity for strategic response to climate risks, with a particular focus on issues surrounding coastal defense. Drawing primarily on qualitative research with local and regional stakeholders, the analysis identifies fundamental disjunctures between generic concerns over climate change and the adaptive capacity of local management institutions. Closely linked with issues of scale, the problems highlighted here are likely to have broad and continuing relevance for future coastal management elsewhere.     

An Assessment of Coastal Development and Land Use Change Using the DPSIR Framework: Case Studies from the Eastern Cape,South Africa

Coastal areas are experiencing high levels of development, largely driven by a number of aesthetic and recreational factors, increased mobility, availability of disposable income for middle and upper income groups and the promise of job opportunities and improved economic well-being for lower income groups. As existing coastal urban nodes expand development “shifts” to less developed areas and places increasing pressure on the surrounding natural environment. This article considers the coastal zone of two municipalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, with similar environmental characteristics but disparate socioeconomic and governance histories. It identifies and integrates the drivers of development and land use change in the coastal zone of these municipalities by means of an adapted Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Framework. Development and land use change are driven by a combination of social, economic, and legislative factors that need to be considered for future management and planning in this unique dynamic system.     

GIS在公路管理中的应用与研究

介绍了GIS技术目前在许多领域获得广泛应用,尤其在公路管理中,它与传统的交通分析和处理技术紧密结合延伸出公路地理信息系统。本系统对公路规划、建设和养护具有较强的应用价值。     

天津港GIS数据库的建设与应用

随着"数据化天津港"的发展,利用现有的GIS平台建立天津港GIS数据库已经成为高效、科学地开展天津港港务工作的重要手段.主要介绍了天津港GIS数据库的建设内容、建库流程以及关键技术等问题,阐述了GIS技术发展的前景.以及在天津港的应用情况.     

极限海况下浮标运动及锚链受力估算

本文首先利用三维势流理论计算了自由浮标体的附加质量、阻尼系数以及运动响应,然后通过卡明斯六自由度运动方程,对极限海况下两个水深的三锚系统的浮标运动及锚链受力进行了数值模拟估算,可以为浮标及锚链设计提供参考。