中小航运企业如何实施人力资源管理

对现代企业而言,企业人力资源的质量和水平决定着企业的生存和发展,企业可持续发展的动力在于人力资源的培养和使用。面对竞争日益激烈的航运市场,我国航运企业必须高度重视人力资源管理问题。中小航运企业受限于自身的资金规模、技术水平、管理方式等因素,在人力资源管理方面存在诸多劣势和不足,有必要在人才引进、管理、激励、考评等方面做出相应的努力和调整,找到其实施人力资源管理的现实途径。     

基于价值链的中海集运公司风险管理

现代海运业具有"高投资、高风险、高收益"的特点.由于风险众多而分散,传统的企业风险管理模式已难以满足现代航运企业对于风险管理的需求.从系统和集成的角度出发,提出了基于Hines价值链的航运企业风险管理模式,将航运企业面临的风险分为企业内部风险、企业间风险、价值链外部风险等3个层次;针对不同层次的风险宜采取不同的风险处理策略,并特别论述了上述3层次风险之间的关联性.作为案例,对中海集运公司的风险管理实践进行了剖析.结论表明,我国航运企业在企业内部风险管理方面已积累了丰富的经验,并开始重视通过企业间合作来削弱企业间风险的影响,但在价值链外部风险上尚乏举措,在风险管理文化的构建上亦有待深化.     

我国航运企业发展综合物流之我见

航运业作为物流过程中的中心环节，顺应国际环境乃是大势所趋。我国航运企业发展综合物流服务，也属必然。通过对我国航运企业的现状分析，研究了其开展综合物流的必要性和可行性，提出了相应的总体战略和具体措施，为企业加快发展综合物流、增强市场竞争力提供了一个切实可行的操作方案。对我国航运企业发展综合物流有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

航运企业安全文化建设

就建立航运企业安全文化的必要性、重要性进行了综述,结合我国航运企业的实际情况,对企业安全文化的构建、完善与实施进行了剖析。航运企业安全文化是企业管理模式、管理理念与企业文化的结晶,是船舶航行安全的保障。     

航运企业的最优资本结构及其确定

随着我国市场经济体制的建立与投、融资体制的改革，企业已成为投、融资的主体，其资本结构问题相应地成为了企业财务管理中的核心问题之一。本文从航运业的固有特性出发，论述了航运企业的资本结构及其与企业收益之间的关系，在这一基础上，提出了航运企业的最优资本结构及其确定方法，并对影响航运企业资本结构的因素进行了分析。     

航运企业信用管理

结合航运企业的经营特点,分析了航运企业信用风险的含义及其主要影响因素,从不同的角度探讨了目前我国航运企业信用管理的现状及不足,进而从事前、事中和事后几方面提出了航运企业信用管理的对策。     

The human talent and its role in ISM Code effectiveness and competitiveness in the shipping industry

The present study empirically evaluates the role of human talent in the effective implementation of quality management systems in the shipping industry context. Specifically, we analyze the relationships among top management commitment to quality, ISM (International Safety Management) Code effectiveness and competitiveness as well as we assess the influence of talent in these associations. We test our research hypotheses using a sample of 199 shipping companies located in Greece. The findings show that ISM Code effectiveness acts as a mediator between top management commitment and shipping company competitiveness, while the different talent philosophies were found to moderate this relationship.     

修船企业承包商竞争力评价方法研究

随着中国船舶工业的快速发展，业务外包已成为修船业主要的生产方式，修船企业已与承包商建立了长期的业务合作关系，承包商竞争力的高低直接影响到了修船企业的生产效率及经济效益。为此，文章应用层次分析法建立修船企业承包商竞争力评价模型及评价方法，从而为修船企业有效地对承包商进行管理提供评价工具。     

Tanzanian coastal and inland ports and shipping: crises and policy options

This paper explores the current state of coastal and inland shipping in Tanzania. It provides an overview of the state of ports and shipping in Tanzania, and the reasons underlying the present crisis of competitiveness in terms of both global pressures and national and regional dynamics. Problems of competitiveness are at least partially due to under-investment, management failures, skills shortfalls and difficulties in interfacing with the railway network. Less easy to resolve structural problems include the great imbalance between imports and exports, heightened regional competition and ongoing political instability in the Great Lakes region.     

Competition in ship handling: a study of market turbulence in North European harbour towage

This paper addresses the issues of an increasingly competitive towage industry in Northern European ports. Enhanced competitiveness reflects the trends in the global mobility of capital, labour, enterprise and management within the context of deregulated port markets. Up until the early 1990s, the long term trend in major North European ports had been towards market concentration. Many small towage firms have been taken-over, bought out or merged. Alternatively, a pattern of consortia has emerged with co-operation and market sharing seen as preferable to ruinous competition. A contrasting trend has occurred in the 1990s, with new entrants into hitherto stable markets. In a number of ports—Antwerp, Rotterdam, Bremerhaven, Hamburg, Southampton, Thamesport, Bristol Channel—new fleets have brought competitive challenge to the incumbent towage fleets. The process of enhanced competitiveness raises questions of safety, reliability, investment and professionalism. The movement towards an openly competitive shipping industry has been in evidence from the 1960s onwards. The momentum of a dynamic shipping industry, with its competitiveness sharpened by the use of global supply factors, has intensified from that period. The movement in European tonnage towards flags of convenience and global labour supplies began in the tanker and bulk carrier markets; more recently this has spread to deep sea liner, short sea and even cabotage trade shipping. The towage industry is the last North European shipping sector to make this transition, following the trends towards port deregulation in the 1990s. From this perspective, this paper considers the impact on the towage market of global mobility and deregulation in North European towage markets—the impact of increased competition on the traditional operators and the likely effect on operational towage standards.     

轮船招商局的创立及其在中国近代史中的积极作用

招商局是中国创办最早、历史悠久的航运企业，至今已经渡过了１２５个春秋。招商局的成立使中国的水上运输业从木帆船时代走向机器船时代，实现了中国航海史上的一次重大变革。招商局的成立还打破了帝国主义对中国航运业的垄断，带头在中国走出了一条以招商集股方式，创办大型交通企业的路子。另外，招商局在创办的过程中积极吸收和引进西方先进的管理技术，注重培养中国自己的航运经营管理人才，为提高中国航运事业的技术和管理水平起到了一定的积极作用。     

Competition in ship handling: a study of market turbulence in North European harbour towage

This paper addresses the issues of an increasingly competitive towage industry in Northern European ports. Enhanced competitiveness reflects the trends in the global mobility of capital, labour, enterprise and management within the context of deregulated port markets. Up until the early 1990s, the long term trend in major North European ports had been towards market concentration. Many small towage firms have been taken-over, bought out or merged. Alternatively, a pattern of consortia has emerged with co-operation and market sharing seen as preferable to ruinous competition. A contrasting trend has occurred in the 1990s, with new entrants into hitherto stable markets. In a number of ports Antwerp, Rotterdam, Bremerhaven, Hamburg, Southampton, Thamesport, Bristol Channel new fleets have brought competitive challenge to the incumbent towage fleets. The process of enhanced competitiveness raises questions of safety, reliability, investment and professionalism. The movement towards an openly competitive shipping industry has been in evidence from the 1960s onwards. The momentum of a dynamic shipping industry, with its competitiveness sharpened by the use of global supply factors, has intensified from that period. The movement in European tonnage towards flags of convenience and global labour supplies began in the tanker and bulk carrier markets; more recently this has spread to deep sea liner, short sea and even cabotage trade shipping. The towage industry is the last North European shipping sector to make this transition, following the trends towards port deregulation in the 1990s. From this perspective, this paper considers the impact on the towage market of global mobility and deregulation in North European towage markets the impact of increased competition on the traditional operators and the likely effect on operational towage standards.     

Flagging options for the future: A turning point in Korean shipping policy?

The issues surrounding the future of Korea's shipping policy have been heavily debated since 1990 because the Korean shipping industry has been facing rising crew costs and difficulties in recruitment of qualified crew, an adverse taxation system, very limited access to foreign capital markets, and an inflexible government regulatory environment. Consequently, this has contributed to the deterioration of Korea's compectitive edge. This paper aims to provide both an account of the current adverse situtation in Korean shipping business and proposals to alleviate the plight of shipping enterprises. Within the context of that adversity, two solutions are suggested to improve the current situation, by either establishing a Korean second register or flagging out. The paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Because ship management is closely interrelated to flagging strategies, the paper also discusses areas of co-operation between Korean shipping or ship management companies and advanced foreign ship management companies.     

从供应链管理看现代物流对我国航运业的影响

在海洋运输的基础上,全面介入物流服务,积极配合货主对运输服务更高层次的要求,以货主为中心全面提高门到门运输的服务水平,将给航运企业自身带来多方面的竞争优势。事实表明,从海洋运输向综合物流服务转变,已经成为国际航运企业发展的大方向。本文介绍了现代物流的供应链管理、“双赢”及“多赢”战略,以客户为中心等理念在航运业中的应用情况;结合大量的例子,从供应链管理角度分析我国航运存在的问题,并探讨解决问题的措施。     

中小航运企业发展的现实途径——灵活创新+合作联营

我国大量的中小航运企业面临时代要求却存在诸多劣势,为此,中小航运企业必须充分发挥自身的灵活创新优势,走与其他中小航运企业联营的集团化发展道路,才能与大型航运企业抗衡,并在激烈的市场竞争中争得一席之地。     

造船行业施行清洁生产的研究

为提高原料和能源的利用效率,实现造船行业的绿色环保发展,更好的保护人和环境。尝试将清洁生产的理论与方法导入造船业,提出造船行业清洁生产的概念,分析船舶工业清洁生产的意义、内涵、模式与途径。认为在船舶工业推广清洁生产,创建绿色造船企业,开展节能、降耗和再生利用,引进环境管理体系,加强清洁生产管理,能够增强船舶工业核心竞争力,促进船舶工业可持续发展。     

Notes on the internationalization process in the maritime sector

In this paper the author traces the evolution of state subsidization of national shipping enterprises, and analyses the processes whereby such enterprises are dependent (to an increasing extent as time passes) on international factors.     

我国航运企业人力资源管理研究

面对竞争日益激烈的航运市场,航运企业有必要在人力招募、培训、工资分配、激励和考核等方面做出相应的调整和改革,建立“以人为本”的人力资源管理概念,从而赢得竞争优势。     

Management and labour in shipping: A role for co-operatives

The employment and management policies of the shipping industry are in legal and administrative confusion. The shipping industry is struggling with an unworkable global governance based on flag state sovereignty and a sanctionless international regulatory regime. Seafarers suffer most from this state of affairs, but so do the shipping industry’s public image. Few co-operatives of maritime workers exist in national or international shipping. A new employment theory is long overdue. Human centred management policies can only attain their full potential through co-operative or mutual associations. This paper describes the application of enlightened and socially conscious management principles to the shipping industry. Seafarers’ co-operatives are the future organisational building blocks of the shipping industry. Co-operatives can rescue maritime workers from developing countries from exploitation and the debilitating effects of casual labour by providing “all in one” seagoing and shore based professional careers. Seafarers’ co-operatives can solve the shipping industry’s maritime training and education problems. The seven universal principles of co-operative management will guide shipping management in setting human centred objectives that command respect of those who come in contact with the shipping industry.     

论航运企业的竞争策略

阐述了21世纪的航运市场出现的竞争形势,科技与人才、知识与信息、服务与质量的竞争已成为当今市场竞争的核心。我国航运企业应及时认清新的竞争形势,根据自己的实际情况,及时制定出新的竞争策略,提高市场竞争力。