Real-time catenary models for the hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the pantograph–catenary interaction

Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is a promising technique to study the pantograph–catenary interaction problems by realising the interaction of a physical pantograph with a mathematical model of the overhead equipment (catenary). However, the computing power presently available on real-time CPUs only allows to run simplified models of the overhead equipment. Therefore, it is important to define catenary models that are suitable for real-time simulation and at the same time capable of accurately representing the dynamic behaviour of the catenary. In this paper, the use of a catenary model based on modal superposition is considered, and the effect of changing the number of modelled spans and the number of modal components allocated to the contact and messenger wires is investigated in view of finding the best model compatible with real-time simulation. Comparisons between HIL simulation results and line measurements are presented, to quantify the accuracy of the hybrid simulation method developed.     

The results of the pantograph–catenary interaction benchmark

This paper describes the results of a voluntary benchmark initiative concerning the simulation of pantograph–catenary interaction, which was proposed and coordinated by Politecnico di Milano and participated by 10 research institutions established in 9 different countries across Europe and Asia. The aims of the benchmark are to assess the dispersion of results on the same simulation study cases, to demonstrate the accuracy of numerical methodologies and simulation models and to identify the best suited modelling approaches to study pantograph–catenary interaction. One static and three dynamic simulation cases were defined for a non-existing but realistic high-speed pantograph–catenary couple. These cases were run using 10 of the major simulation codes presently in use for the study of pantograph–catenary interaction, and the results are presented and critically discussed here. All input data required to run the study cases are also provided, allowing the use of this benchmark as a term of comparison for other simulation codes.     

Program for catenary–pantograph analysis,PrOSA statement of methods and validation according EN 50318

DB Systemtechnik is a high-performing, customer-driven service provider that, as well as authoritatively serving the Deutsche Bahn Group by dint of its specialist knowledge is also increasingly active on the global railway market. Development and testing of pantograph models and catenary systems have been part of the company's essential activity fields from the beginning. Therefore, an efficient and high-performing simulation tool is indispensable. That is why DB Systemtechnik spent high efforts to develop the program PrOSA in cooperation with the Heinz–Nixdorf–Institut (HNI) of the university Paderborn to simulate the interaction of pantograph and catenary. This article gives an overview of the most relevant properties of PrOSA. Furthermore, it is described how the benchmark requirements were implemented and processed.     

Variation in predicting pantograph–catenary interaction contact forces,numerical simulations and field measurements

The contact force between the pantograph and the contact wire ensures energy transfer between the two. Too small of a force leads to arching and unstable energy transfer, while too large of a force leads to unnecessary wear on both parts. Thus, obtaining the correct contact force is important for both field measurements and estimates using numerical analysis. The field contact force time series is derived from measurements performed by a self-propelled diagnostic vehicle containing overhead line recording equipment. The measurements are not sampled at the actual contact surface of the interaction but by force transducers beneath the collector strips. Methods exist for obtaining more realistic measurements by adding inertia and aerodynamic effects to the measurements. The variation in predicting the pantograph–catenary interaction contact force is studied in this paper by evaluating the effect of the force sampling location and the effects of signal processing such as filtering. A numerical model validated by field measurements is used to study these effects. First, this paper shows that the numerical model can reproduce a train passage with high accuracy. Second, this study introduces three different options for contact force predictions from numerical simulations. Third, this paper demonstrates that the standard deviation and the maximum and minimum values of the contact force are sensitive to a low-pass filter. For a specific case, an 80?Hz cut-off frequency is compared to a 20?Hz cut-off frequency, as required by EN 50317:2012; the results show an 11% increase in standard deviation, a 36% increase in the maximum value and a 19% decrease in the minimum value.     

Survey of the development of Chinese heavy trucks

Heavy trucks are tending to get bigger. The market share for those with a payload of more than 10 tons is increasing rapidly while that for below 10 tons is contracting. The scramble for markets of the most-favored vehicle types is keenest among......     

Highlights of Selected Auto Groups of China in 1999

According to the information coming from concerned depart-ment, the total production of auto would be 1.67 million units in 1999, including 530,000 cars. You can read programs set by selected auto groups below for details: FAW Group ◆Production and sales: 300 thousand units. ◆Products: widen the range     

Profile of TARI

Founded in May 1978, Tianjin Automobile Research Institute (TARI), directly under Tianjin Automobile Industry (Group) Corporation Ltd., is a research and development center for Tianjin' s automobile industry. TARI covers a land area of 45 000 square meters with building area of 13051 square meters and an under-construction area of 5060 square meters. The institute has a staff of 370     

Characteristics of Methods on the Circulation of Used Vehicles

On Aug 29 2005, the Ministry of Commerce, together with other relevant government departments, issued the Methods and the new went into effect on Oct. The used vehicle market is regarded a potential section which can incentive consumption and increase tax income as well. But the market can hardly meet the requirement of the society. The critical reason behind this is the lack of related rules. The new policy is designed to meet the demand of post-WTO conditions. The 5 chapter, 37 article M…     

Important characteristics of the new round of economic growth

LIU Shijin, the director of the Industry and Economy Department of the State Council Development and Research Center, made an analysis on the import characteristics of the new round of economic growth in his recent article. In his opinion, automobile and housing have become two of the leading industries for the new round of economic growth, which have moved into a period of mass consumption. In addition, he thought, the new round of economic growth is also related to the colossal market capacity, the gathering effect of industries and the emergence of city groups. There is no less of incisive views in his article. Our editor would select some of them to share with the readers based on the auto industry's real situation.     

Excavators of Shanghai

豆瓣用户"席子"在他的相册《Shanghai Excavator》中感叹道:"这是一个挖掘机的黄金时代。"别人眼中的残垣、废砖、钢筋、烟尘,都成了他独特构图的一部分。五年来,他用镜头记录了上海的拆与建,用光影描绘了新旧交替的景象。他的模特,名字叫作挖掘机。     

The Probe of Significance of Text Analysis in Translation

Part I IntroductionTranslating is an activity which full of hardship.And the very be-ginning of this hardship is text analysis.Whenever a translator goes abouta text,the first step he takes is always to analyze it.This step is to trans-lation what the fir…     

Profile of CARI

Established in 1957 and located in Changchun, Changchun Automobile Research Institute (CARI) one of the important R & D organizations in China is mainly responsible for the R&D of auto products of FAW group.     

Index of 2002

刀tI6(Issue.一Pages) 2002 WIShN...(1es...............................................................................................................................................................……(1一1)~12).n加份抽姗 AninterviewwithZHANGxingye..........................................……,.…‘.........……,……,..................................................……(,一9) AninterviewwithzHANGxiaoyu.............................................................……,....................…     

An Interview with ZHANG Xingye—— Honorary President of Society of Automotive Engineers of China

Reporter: Please say something about the entire structure of Chinese auto industry after the WTO entry, and what do you think it should do to cope with the new challenges? Zhang: This is an old question we have talked about for years. Now China is already an official member of the WTO and what we discussed before should become specific policies or measures.     

Economy Ethic of the"eduction Compensation"of Peugeot

As winter approached, Dongfeng Citroen Automobile Co., Ltd. announced it would start a new price reduction initiative called Trustworthy Lion. Anyone who has purchased a Peugeot brand car can obtain full compensation in cash from the distributor,if the value of their vehicle is affected by reductions in new car prices. Although Dongfeng Citroens market share is modest, this unprecedented announcement has startled the industry. It is likely that the move will cause a seismic upheaval in a m…     

An Analysis of the Development of China Auto Engine Sector

1. General situation of the auto engine sector 1.1 The economical operation During the recent years, series of measures have been taken by the Chinese government to ignite the national economy, which include: readjusting economic growth strate-gy from encouraging exports to boosting domestic demands; global-ly enlarging the infrastructural con-     

An Analysis of the Recent Export Situation of Chinese-Made Motorcycles

1 Analysis on Exported Volume of Domestic Made Motorcycle (DMM) According to statistics, in 2001, China produced 12,36 million motorcycles and exported 2.877 million units which     

Countermeasures to meet the change of strategies of transnational companies

Since China’s WTO accession, the strategies of the transnational companies in Chinahave witnessed a fundamental change, which poses overwhelming and insightfulinfluences on the development of China’s auto industry. It deserves our close attention. I. The changing strategies of transnational companies In general, the change features two characteristics: one is to change strategy in Chinawhich is comparatively independent into global strategy which is in conformity with itslong-term and o…