我国战略石油储备船系泊系统安全性评估

用失效概率来评估系泊系统的安全性,是衡量储油系统是否安全的重要手段之一.本文提出了考虑防波堤遭受破坏状况下计算系泊系统失效的数值模拟方法,用时域系泊模拟法求解储油船运动方程并对系泊系统进行了可靠性分析.模拟结果表明,系泊系统的年可靠性为0.999998.所提出的方法能有效地对超大型浮式储油船系泊系统进行定量的安全评估.     

海上战略石油储备基地建设方案研究

考虑自然与社会因素,结合海港规范与新型可沉降式储油驳船设计,提出海上战略石油储备基地建设方案。选址珠江口担杆岛,以10艘100万m~3浮式储油驳船为主体设计海上石油储备基地,配套建设防波堤、围油栏、30万吨级开敞式油码头、储油驳船系泊港池及陆域配套设施。文中对海上战略石油储备港建设方案进行了初步论证,包括工程造价及工程周期,提供经济合理的技术方案。     

基于VB编程的系泊系统时域模拟

通过时大型水动力程序计算结果的后处理，用Visual Basic6．0实现了超大型浮式储油船系泊系统的时域模拟。计算结果表明，基于VB编程的仿真程序具有界面友好、计算速度快等特点。且易于掌握，是当前快速开发应用程序的首选工具。     

某浮式生产储油船系泊系统配重块的改进设计

以海洋石油111、116浮式生产储油船系泊系统所采用的螺栓压紧对开型配重块为基础,认真研究了该系泊系统近年水下检测报告,重点分析了螺栓压紧对开型配重块失效的原因,并在此基础上研发了锁销型配重块。该新型配重块在受力性能上彻底改变了现有配重块的设计思路,能有效抵抗恶劣的环境载荷,防止配重块脱落失效,从而大大提高了系泊系统的安全性。     

简讯

52000吨级浮式储油船建造完工海洋石油开采的重要工程船舶,52000吨级浮式海上储油船“渤海友谊”号已在沪东造船厂建造完工.这是我国首次在海洋石油工程的国际招标中中标,并自行设计(中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院设计)和建造成功的第一     

浮式采油、储油和卸油装置管理现状研究与建议

随着海洋石油开发步伐的加大,浮式采油、储油和卸油装置及其简易装置--浮式储油船规模急剧扩大,世界各国对其管理各有特点.且存在着诸多不合理因素.针对国内外管理浮式生产储油装置的复杂现状,列举了美国、英国、挪威、澳大利亚等国对浮式储油装置的主要管理做法,通过对比,分析研究了国内外在法律适用、行政管理执法和海上应急处置方面所存在的不足,就如何促进浮式储油装置的合理化、规范化管理,提出科学定义浮式储油装置、统一适用国内相关专业法规和国际海事组织(IMO,International Maritime Organization)制定的相关公约以及分功能联合管理的建议.     

消息报导

沪东造船厂为日中石油开发株式会社建造的又一艘52000吨浮式生产储油船——“渤海长青号”,于1990年3月31日正式交付拖航,由渤海石油公司海上拖船拖往渤海34-2/4E油田,经海上系泊定位后,为渤海油田开发生产服务。该船是迄今为止,我国海洋石油开采综合功能最全面的一艘海上石油工程船舶,在国内首次采用高容量电站通过海底电缆,向油田生产平台集中供电的新工艺,并首次在船上设置了油田井下注水装置。海上浮式生产储油船是随近代海洋石油开采而发展起来的一种高技术,高难度的海上石油工程船舶,船上的炼油装置,可以把海底开采出来含有大量泥水杂质、天然气的原油,在海上就地提炼、加工。除去水分、杂质,并把天然气分离出来,供船上发电、发热等能量需要,最后把纯度较高的石油装上穿梭油船,运往陆地进一步精炼。船上除了炼油装置外还有天然气发电站,卫     

建立国家战略储备石油海上运输绿色安全通道的分析

维护国家战略储备石油(以下简称"储油")海上运输的安全需要综合动用政治、经济、军事及外交等多种手段,其中,海事部门作为国家水上交通安全和防止船舶污染的主管机关,是整个国家石油安全体系中的重要一环。从海事系统出发,综合考虑海事部门海上安全管理的职能和监控力量,对建立我国海上战略储备石油运输"绿色安全通道"进行了分析,并提出了具体的措施和建议。     

75500吨级浮式生产储油船鉴定

由江南造船厂、中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院、中国国际海洋石油工程公司和渤海石油工程设计公司共同研制的国内最大的一艘75500吨级浮式生产储油船于1993年7月27日在上海通过了技术鉴定。它既是一艘储油船,又是一座具有年产100万t合格原油能力的原油加工处理厂,其各项技术性能指标满足或优于建造合同并符合有关国际公约、规范、规则等要求。浮式生产储油船是近几年用于海洋石油开发的一种新船型,集采油生产平台、原油储罐平台与生活动力平台于一体的大型海上浮动石油生产基地,是一种高科技船舶新产品。75500吨级浮式生产储油船成功地解决     

30万吨FPSO单点系泊系统整体吊装技术研究

FPSO是集油气处理加工、发电、供热、原油产品的储存和外输、人员居住和生产功能于一体的浮式生产储油装置.FPSO通过特殊的系泊系统长期系泊在海上,20年不解脱,能抵御百年一遇的环境条件.通过有限元技术对渤海二期蓬莱19-3油田30万吨FPSO单点系泊系统进行整体吊装仿真分析,从而确定整体吊装方案,实现该特殊结构一次性吊装就位.     

基于结构可靠性的锚泊辅助动力定位滑模控制

针对长年累月定位在深海恶劣海况下的浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading vessels,FPSOs)的作业安全问题,本文提出了一种基于缆线结构性的锚泊辅助动力定位滑模控制方法。通过引入结构可靠性因子,表征锚泊系统缆线的安全,在此基础上设计一种新型滑模控制器,通过控制结构可靠性因子和艏向以达到FPSO锚泊辅助定位目的,并证明了系统的稳定性。通过一系列的仿真实验,证明了所提出的基于结构可靠性滑模控制器的有效性、安全性和节能性。     

Validation of a dynamic mooring model coupled with a RANS solver

Standard design procedures and simulation tools for marine structures are aimed primarily for use by the offshore oil and gas. Mooring system restoring forces acting on floating offshore structures are obtained from a quasi-static mooring model alone or from a coupled analysis based on potential flow solvers that do not always consider nonlinear mooring-induced restoring forces, fluid structure interactions, and associated hydrodynamic damping effects. This paper presents the validation of a dynamic mooring system analysis technique that couples the dynamic mooring model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations solver. We coupled a dynamic mooring model with a RANS equations solver, and analyzed a moored floating buoy in calm water, regular and irregular waves and validated our motion and mooring force predictions against experimental measurements. The mooring system consisted of three catenary chains. The analyzed response comprised decaying oscillating buoy motions, linear and quadratic damping characteristics, and tensile forces in mooring lines. The generally favorable comparison of predicted buoy motions and mooring forces to experimental data confirmed the reliability of our implemented coupling technique to predict system response. Additional comparative results from a potential flow solver demonstrated the benefits of the coupled dynamic mooring model with RANS equations. The successful validated tool of coupling the dynamic mooring model with the RANS solver is available as open source, and it shows the potential of the coupled methodology to be used for analyzing the moored offshore structures.     

深海系泊浮体物面非线性时域耦合动力分析

文章基于三维时域势流理论和弹性细长杆理论,研究并提出了深海系泊浮体物面非线性时域耦合动力分析方法。该方法采用时域物面非线性理论方法在瞬态位置直接时域模拟系泊浮体所需水动力,结合有限元方法计算系泊缆索的动力响应,利用异步耦合方法实现浮体和系泊缆索的时域耦合动力求解。既满足系泊浮体时域水动力耦合,又满足系泊浮体和系泊缆索动力耦合。通过对二阶非线性不规则波作用下深海系泊半潜式平台的时域耦合响应特性进行研究,将不同海况下物面非线性时域耦合静力响应和动力响应与间接时域耦合动力响应的三种方法计算结果进行比较。研究结果表明,系泊缆索动力响应明显,平台瞬态空间位置对垂荡低频运动影响较大,有必要在平台瞬时湿表面采用动力响应方法进行深海系泊浮体时域耦合响应分析。     

Dynamic analysis of a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with shared moorings in extreme environmental conditions

The concept of a shared mooring system was proposed to reduce mooring and anchoring costs. Shared moorings also add complexity to the floating offshore wind farm system and pose design challenges. To understand the system dynamics, this paper presents a dynamic analysis for a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with a shared mooring system in extreme environmental conditions. First, a numerical model of the floating offshore wind farm was established in a commercial simulation tool. Then, time-domain simulations were performed for the parked wind farm under extreme wind and wave conditions. A sensitivity study was carried out to investigate the influence of loading directions and shared line mooring properties. To highlight the influence of the shared line, the results were compared to those of a single spar floating wind turbine, and larger platform motions and higher tension loads in single lines are observed for the wind farm with shared moorings. The loading direction affects the platform motions and mooring response of the floating offshore wind farm. Comparing the investigated loading directions to the 0-deg loading direction, the variation of mean mooring tension at the fairlead is up to 84% for single lines and 16% for the shared line. The influence of the shared line properties in the platform motions and the structural responses is limited. These findings improve understanding of the dynamic characteristics of floating offshore wind farms with a shared mooring system.     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

漂浮式海洋能平台运动响应耦合预报研究

随着海洋工程向远海发展,漂浮式海洋能平台的运动响应预报问题成为研究的热点之一.本文以漂浮式海洋能平台为研究对象,首先基于间接时域法,建立浮式平台时域运动方程,然后基于悬链线理论和全矢量形式的三维集中质量法,建立系泊系统运动方程.在使用自行开发的计算程序对以上方程进行求解获得初值后,以系缆和浮式平台的受力和位移作为2个运动方程的交互输入与输出,建立浮式平台与系泊系统的全耦合计算方法.最后对简化的浮式海洋平台进行计算,分析载体平台的运动响应和系缆受力情况.本文可为解决相关工程问题提供参考和借鉴.     

波浪作用下单体网格式浮架受力的数值模拟

模型试验表明重力式网箱在波浪作用下，单纯浮架的受力贡献比例较大。本文运用波浪理论，通过建立浮架、锚绳及浮子的运动方程，采用五阶龙格-库塔进行数值求解，得到了单体网格式锚碇单纯浮架的数值计算模式。将计算模型简化为四点锚碇，并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较，二者符合程度较好。在此基础上，比较了单体网格式锚碇与四点锚碇单纯浮架的受力，结果表明网格式锚碇方式浮架受力较小。     

深水半潜式生产储油平台系泊锚机电控系统设计及应用

系泊锚机是1500m深水半潜式生产储油平台的关键装备之一,其电控系统要求可靠性高、布置紧凑、智能化水平高.文章通过分析深水半潜式生产储油平台系泊系统组成、锚机的结构、电控系统所要求功能,划分出功能模块,选择可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)及现场总线的技术思路,进行设备布置、网络架构、硬软件的选择,设计出一套电控系统,实现了系...     

半潜型浮式风机运动特征及系泊系统的研究

近年来海上浮式风机的研究备受关注,安全可靠的系泊系统将保证风机在风、浪、流等复杂环境荷载作用下稳定运行,准确合理地描述风机运动将为评估风机发电效率提供支持。以半潜型浮式风机的系泊系统为研究对象,基于经典悬链线理论,采用准静态分析法提出一套系泊系统的设计方法。通过坐标变换,得到风轮真实的俯仰运动用于计算风机的动力效应及评定其发电效率。采用动力法分析了系泊系统锚链的导缆孔位置、预张力大小、锚链间夹角等参数对风机系统发电效率、浮式平台运动性能和系泊锚链张力的影响,得到了浮式平台迎风面俯仰倾角、水平偏移及锚链张力随参数的变化规律,为半潜型浮式风机系泊系统的设计提供了参考。