Performance analysis of AF relaying based on water-filling power allocation over Nakagami-<Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis> fading

This paper investigates exact performance of an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system based on water-filling power allocation in Nakagami-m fading environment, where m is a nonnegative integer plus one half. We first offer the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a destination. Then outage probability, moments of SNR, higher-order statistics of the capacity are explicitly conducted. Especially, average symbol error rate (SER) under an additive white generalized Gaussian noise (AWGGN) is developed for water-filling power allocation scheme. While the average SER subjected by an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) can be regarded as a special case. Finally, all theoretical formulas are truly attested by various simulation results.     

Performance Analysis of AF Relaying Based on Water-filling Power Allocation over Nakagami-m Fading

This paper investigates exact performance of an amplify-and-forward(AF) relay system based on water-filling power allocation in Nakagami-m fading environment, where m is a nonnegative integer plus one half.We first offer the cumulative distribution function(CDF) and probability density function(PDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) at a destination. Then outage probability, moments of SNR, higher-order statistics of the capacity are explicitly conducted. Especially, average symbol error rate(SER) under an additive white generalized Gaussian noise(AWGGN) is developed for water-filling power allocation scheme. While the average SER subjected by an additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) can be regarded as a special case. Finally, all theoretical formulas are truly attested by various simulation results.     

A Novel Practical Cooperative Diversity Method for the Power-Limited Wireless Sensor Network

A novel practical cooperative diversity method for power-limited wireless sensor network system was proposed. At first, the system model was presented and the cooperation problem is formulated under the minimum outage probability criterion, then the focus was put on the power efficiency of system, such as the relay selection, cooperation strategy and power allocation etc. At last the uniform procedure of the proposed method was given. The results of the simulation clearly demonstrate that our method not only has the properties of simple operation and wide applying scope, but also outperforms those of current classical methods on the aspect of outage probability under the basis of the same power limitation.     

全双工中继选择策略的性能研究

为了提高协同通信系统的频谱效率,对全双工中继通信系统进行了研究.首先,介绍了传统的主动机会中继策略和最优的全双工中继选择策略,并在最优全双工中继选择策略的基础上提出了增强型全双工中继选择策略;其次,分析了主动机会中继选择策略应用在全双工中继网络中的中断性能,推导了3种策略中断概率的闭式精确结果和高信噪比(SNR)下的近似逼近结果;最后,通过数值仿真分析验证了理论推导结果的正确性.研究结果表明:在高SNR范围时,最优全双工中继选择策略和主动机会中继选择策略的中断性能趋于平台效应;增强型全双工中继选择策略的中断性能会随着SNR的增大而一直提高,且增强型全双工中继选择策略的中断性能明显最优,主动机会中继选择策略的性能最差.      

Outage performance of amplify-and-forward multiple-input multiple-output relay networks with outdated channel state information and co-channel interference

In this paper, we investigate the outage performance of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward(AF) multipleinput multiple-output(MIMO) relay network, considering beamforming transmission with outdated channel state information(CSI) and an arbitrary number of co-channel interferers at both the relay and the destination. The exact closed-form expression for the outage probability is derived, and the asymptotic behavior of the outage probability is also presented to provide further insights into the system performance. Our results show that the system suffers a diversity gain loss caused by the outdated CSI, and the interference only degrade the coding gain of the system. Moreover, increasing antennas can achieve more performance gains, however, the gains decrease as the delay of the CSI increases.     

CDMA 网络中基于 QoS 保证的呼叫接纳控制策略

基于CDMA（code division multipleaccess）系统接纳控制（call admission control，CAC）机制没有完全考虑各种多媒体业务的现状，研究了CDMA系统中剩余容量的计算方法，采用更加符合目前无线多媒体网络中业务实际情况的业务模型，给出了一种针对多媒体业务的基于QoS（quality of service）保证的动态CAC算法．分析与仿真结果表明，该算法在保证各种业务QoS要求的情况下，可以显著改善CDMA系统的呼叫等待延时和中断率等性能，提高系统资源的利用率．     

基于概率论-逻辑学的隧道各方关系与风险研究

基于经典概率论及逻辑学,提出了用于隧道及地下工程参建各方关系与风险概率评定方法.结合工程实例从工程参建各方的逻辑关系角度,构建了适用于隧道及地下工程风险评价的各种逻辑概率树模型.对比分析发现,或门模型中工程风险概率大于参建各方概率的最大值,与门模型中工程风险概率小于参建各方概率的最小值,而混合门模型介于参建各方概率最大值与最小值之间.故在隧道建设过程中,应调整参建各方协作关系,建立起与门模型关系,尽量避免构成或门模型关系.      

风力发电塔系统整体建模与模态分析研究

为了判断风力发电塔系统是否能避开共振,需对其进行模态分析。提出了考虑“桨叶-轮毂-机舱-塔筒”耦合的整体建模的方法,可用于风力发电塔系统模态的计算。分别进行了停机阶段、运行阶段和切出阶段的模态分析,对比其频率和固有振型。对比结果表明：三个阶段的频率基本相同,只须验算停机状态下的频率满足规范即可;塔筒的振动形式主要为侧向弯曲振动、前后弯曲振动和扭转振动;桨叶在前十阶的振动形式主要为挥舞振动和摆振,且三桨叶振动存在一定的规律;相对于停机阶段,运行阶段时振型基本相同,切出阶段时振型有较大差异。     

肝移植术与肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的meta分析

目的通过meta分析对肝移植术(OLT)和肝切除术(RT)治疗原发肝细胞癌(HCC)的疗效进行综合比较。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Ovid、ScineceDirect、Springerlink、EBSCO、CBM、CNKI数据库、万方、维普,及手工检索国内1990～2010年发表的有关于肝移植和肝切除治疗肝细胞癌的相关文献,选择RevMan5.0软件、用固定效应模型进行Meta分析。结果按照入选标准,有9项临床试验纳入。Meta分析结果显示,肝移植组和肝切除组患者术后1年生存率相似(OR=1.26,95%CI为0.93～1.17,P=0.13),肝移植组术后3年生存率高于肝切除组(OR=1.68,95%CI为1.31～2.17,P<0.01),肝移植组术后5年生存率高于肝切除组(OR=2.17,95%CI为1.63～2.89,P<0.01),肝移植组术后5年无瘤生存率高于肝切除组(OR=5.07,95%CI为3.27～7.86,P<0.01),肝移植组术后复发率低于肝切除组(OR=0.10,95%CI为0.06～0.14,P<0.01)。结论肝移植术和肝切除术均是治疗肝细胞癌的有效手术方法,但肝移植术预后较肝切除术有优势。     

Enthalpy and exergy transfers of high pressure switching expansion reduction

The energy balance, air internal energy, enthalpy and exergy transfers of high pressure switching expansion reduction (SER) are comparatively analyzed in this paper to give a better understanding about the exergy analysis and its difference between energy conversion analyses for the pneumatics. In SER, the exergy transfer efficiency is much lower than the enthalpy efficiency. The enthalpy efficiency is primarily related to the initial pressure of supply tanks, and the exergy efficiency is primarily related to the pressure reduction ratios. Heat transfers increase the internal energy, enthalpy and exergy of air; the influence on exergy is relatively small. The total enthalpy in SER decreases as the air temperature decreases in the expansion process of the air. And exergy loss is primarily related to the irreversible process of isenthalpic throttling but not energy conversion. Based on the analyses, to improve the exergy efficiency of the pneumatics, the pressure reduction without power output should be avoided.     

HIERARCHICAL CONTENT BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL

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基于边框匹配的视频差错掩盖技术

以边框匹配技术为基础，提出预掩盖处理、搜索掩盖算法．新算法首先对受损图像区域周围进行预掩盖以期尽可能多地利用周边的有效信息来恢复受损运动向量，最后以估算出的运动补偿块为中心依照边框匹配准则进行搜索，找出最佳运动向量．以JVT(Joint Video Team)测试模型JM(Joint Modal of JVT)1．4为平台的实验表明，改进的掩盖算法在一定程度上能提高重建图像的峰值信噪比(PSNR)值，当与无等待ARQ算法相结合，能在不影响解码器端图像正常回放的情况下，阻止差错的扩散，实现差错图像的完全恢复．     

供应链风险管理下供应商的选择

在供应链风险管理下,对供应商选择的影响因素进行了具体地分析,运用层次分析法(AHP)建立供应商选择方案的评价指标体系,并应用模糊理论将各指标模糊量化,进行模糊综合评判,从而得到最佳方案,较好地解决了供应商的选择问题.     

PROTECTIVE ROLE OF SOPHOCARPINE IN COXSACKIEVIRUS B3 INFECTION IN CULTURED RAT CARDIOMYOCYTES

Objective To observe the anti-CVB3 ( Coxsackievirus B3 ) effect of sophocarpine (SC) extracted from Sophora flavescens , a traditional Chinese herb in vitro. Methods Cardiomyocytes from the neonatal rat were cultured to establish the viral myocarditis model. The cells were divided into four groups: infected group ( infected by CVB3 ), SC treated group ( added SC 100 μg/mL after viral infection ), SC control group ( added SC 100μg/mL only), and normal control group. The cytopathic effect (CPE) and the beating frequency of the myocardial cells were observed and the LDH levels in the supernatant were measured at day 2, 3, and 5. The cultured myocytes were added different concentrations of SC ( 12.5 - 400 μg/mL ) after infection with CVB3, the CPE was observed and the concentrations of LDH were measured and compared at day 2, 3, and 5. Results In the SC treated group ( 100 μg/mL) , the cytopathic effect was lighter and the LDH level was lower than the infected group. SC in a concentration of 12.5 - 300 μg/mL could relieve the CPE and lower the LDH level, while in a higher concentration (400 μg/m) , it exacerbated the CPE caused by the virus, and the LDH levels were higher than the infected cells.Conclusion SC in certain concentration could protect the cultured rat cardiomyocytes from CVB3 infection.     

骶前冲洗对直肠前切除术后局部复发影响的Meta分析

目的探讨骶前冲洗对直肠前切除术后局部复发的影响。方法采用Meta分析软件对1980年1月～2011年1月间发表的骶前冲洗对直肠癌前切除术局部复发影响的文献进行分析。结果共筛选出6篇文献(其中1篇文献有77名患者未确定分组,10名局部复发,67名无复发);直肠癌术后局部复发率为7.7%(367/4776),冲洗组局部复发率为6.4%(240/3732),低于未冲洗组的12.2%(127/1044),合并OR值为0.51(95%CI:0.41～0.69),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);未确定人数并入冲洗组或未冲洗组,总局部复发率为7.8%(377/4852),冲洗组局部复发率6.6%(250/3 808)或6.4%(240/3 732),低于未冲洗组的12.2%(127/1 044)或12.3%(137/1 111),合并OR值为0.51(95%CI:0.40～0.65)或0.49(95%CI:0.39～0.62),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论骶前冲洗可降低直肠癌的局部复发率。     

不同分布随机参数结构非线性地震反应的概率密度演化

为了准确把握实际工程结构在地震作用下的整体性能,需要合理考虑结构参数的随机性.本文采用概率密度演化理论,结合以广义F-偏差最小化为准则的点集优选策略,实现了含有数十个随机参数的多自由度结构非线性随机反应分析.在此基础上,重点考察了基本随机参数的不同分布类型和不同变异系数对结构非线性反应特性的影响.研究表明,由于结构随机参数不同分布类型的影响,结构反应的二阶矩差异可达30%;当基本变量变异系数很小和很大时,不同分布类型对二阶矩的影响程度均较大但影响趋势相反,因而存在结构反应二阶矩对不同分布类型不敏感的变异系数值域.随机参数的分布类型对结构反应的概率密度函数影响显著,甚至可能导致定性性质的改变.      

受约束的过道布置问题建模及优化方法

为了研究过道布置问题中设施关系对布局的影响,首先,考虑定位约束与排序约束,构建过道布置问题混合整数规划模型,并提出一种求解该问题的自适应混合克隆选择算法,在克隆操作之前新增符合受约束过道布置问题特性的2-opt操作,随后对所产生种群中最优个体进行禁忌搜索操作,对其他个体进行变异操作并设置自适应变异概率;然后,对模型进行精确求解以验证模型的正确性且求解结果为算法提供了理论依据;最后,应用所提算法分别对受约束过道布置问题与基本过道布置问题的42 ~ 49规模实例进行测试,并将求解结果与克隆选择算法、遗传算法、分散搜索算法、花授粉算法以及烟花算法进行对比,结果表明:混合克隆选择算法可以达到当前先进算法的求解效果且在算例sko-42-04与算例sko49-03上表现更优.      

地磁特征对匹配算法性能的影响分析

地磁匹配区的选择是影响地磁匹配系统性能的重要因素,而选择准则直接决定了匹配区的适配性以及匹配制导的可靠性和精度．为此,文中从地磁标准差、地磁粗糙度、地磁相关长度、地磁梯度标准差4个参数着手,以某一匹配区中9条不同航迹的仿真匹配试验结果作为研究样本,对比分析了各条航迹的不同地磁特征对匹配算法性能的影响．研究结果表明,各条航迹上的地磁梯度标准差与匹配概率之间存在较为明显的正比关系,可将地磁场梯度标准差作为地磁匹配区的选取准则,对载体航迹进行规划．     

Switching between antenna subset selection and quasi-orthogonal space-time block code in presence of correlation

We address the problem of adaptive modulation and coding scheme (AMCS) for a multi-input multioutput (MIMO) system in presence of time-varying transmitting correlation. Antenna subset selection and quasiorthogonal space-time block code (QOSTBC) have different error performances with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and in different spatial correlation scenarios. The error performance can be improved by selecting an appropriate transmission scheme to adapt to various channel conditions. The maximum distance criterion is the simplest and very effective algorithm for the antenna subset selection without needs of complex calculation and channel state information at transmitter (CSIT). The minimum error performance criteria and the simplified linear decision strategy are developed for constant transmission rate traffic to select the optimal transmission scheme. It can dramatically decrease algorithm complexity for obtaining error probability according to the known quantities comparing with using instant CSIT. Simulation results show that, remarkable performances including low SNR and weak spatial correlation at the expense of simple calculation and almost no bandwidth loss by adopting AMCS can be achieved. The proposed AMCS improves robustness of slowly varying spatial correlated channels.     

Effectiveness of different orthoses on joint moments in patients with early knee osteoarthritis: Lateral wedge versus valgus knee bracing

The purpose of the study was to test the biomechanical differences between a lateral wedge and a valgus knee bracing on the knee joint moment during walking in patients with early stage of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). We conducted a crossover randomized design to compare gait parameters of 32 patients (with early stage medial compartment knee OA) in three different conditions during walking: with a custom-made lateral wedge of 5° (in standard shoes), with a valgus knee bracing (in standard shoes), and with control condition (in standard shoes). Both two-orthose conditions showed decreased loading patterns (knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse) on the knee joint in dynamic condition (statistic probability P < 0.05). The decreased loading on OA knee in wedge condition was associated with a laterally shifted location of centre of pressure and increased ankle valgus degree and moment at the same foot (P < 0.05). It was not found significant differences in loading of the knee between these two-orthose conditions. These results indicated that, under dynamic condition, patients wearing lateral wedge and valgus knee bracing showed changes of moments on knee joints. Lateral wedge was as effective as valgus knee bracing in the treatment of early stage of knee OA.