Numerical Investigation of the Dynamics for Low Tension Marine Cables

This paper presents a numerical investigation into the dynamics of marine cables which are extensively used in offshore industry. In this numerical study, the Euler-Bernoulli beam model is adopted to develop the governing equations of the cable. Bending stiffness is considered to cope with the low tension problem in local area of towing cable, and thus a more accurate solution with the consideration of the axial elongation can be given.The derived strongly-coupled and nonlinear governing equations are solved by a second-order accurate, implicit,and large time step stable central finite difference method. The quadratically convergent Newton-Raphson iteration method is applied to solving the discrete nonlinear algebraic equations. Then a towed array sonar system(TASS)problem is studied. The numerical solutions agree reasonably well with the experimental data and the simulated results of the references. The specified program of the present paper shows great robustness with high efficiency.     

自升式海洋平台空间稳性评价软件的研究开发

针对自升式海洋平台的自身特点,介绍了自升式海洋平台在任意横、纵倾角时恢复力臂的计算方法,并将各个倾角时计算所得到的恢复力臂,通过MATLAB程序绘制成空间曲面,辅助程序实现。该软件对自升式海洋平台的空间稳性进行评价,对后续设计工作具有十分重要的指导意义。     

用于平面单轴对称结构电磁波散射的减元技术

大容量与长计算时间的要求，是当前限制矩量法应用的主要障碍。因此，如何利用散射体和几何对称特征，有效地降低求解散射问题所需的存储空间和减少计算时间，具有重要的理论和实际意义。对具有轴对称的散射体，通过引入对称镜像分解，能够使总的所需矩阵阶数降至直接求解的1／2，运算时间缩减为直接求解的1／4；同时还给出了分解实现的数学公式以及分解原理。     

日常动态货物列车开行方案优化研究

为使铁路行车组织符合日常货流动态变化,本文提出编制日常动态货物列车开行方案,以确定货物列车开行的始发终到站、开行数量、编组内容和开行时段.基于编组计划、运行图等基本运输计划构建列车时空网络,以车流走行费用,列车运营费用,车流延误费用之和最小为目标;考虑车流径路唯一,节点流量平衡,列车开行数量,车流中转时间等约束,构建整数规划模型.为提升算法的求解效率,增加解的个体数目实现算法的并行性,引入多邻域移动准则,设计改进的模拟退火算法进行求解.以蒙华铁路实际数据进行案例分析,结果证明了本文模型和算法的有效性.     

日常动态货物列车开行方案优化研究

为使铁路行车组织符合日常货流动态变化,本文提出编制日常动态货物列车开行方案,以确定货物列车开行的始发终到站、开行数量、编组内容和开行时段.基于编组计划、运行图等基本运输计划构建列车时空网络,以车流走行费用,列车运营费用,车流延误费用之和最小为目标;考虑车流径路唯一,节点流量平衡,列车开行数量,车流中转时间等约束,构建整数规划模型.为提升算法的求解效率,增加解的个体数目实现算法的并行性,引入多邻域移动准则,设计改进的模拟退火算法进行求解.以蒙华铁路实际数据进行案例分析,结果证明了本文模型和算法的有效性.     

基于DACS3的改进蚁群算法求解TSP问题

蚁群算法是优化领域中新出现的一种仿生进化算法。该算法采用分布式并行计算机制,具有较强的鲁棒性,易与其他算法结合,但存在运行时间长,容易陷入局部最优解,导致出现停滞现象等缺点。针对蚁群算法,首先介绍其基本原理及不足之处。随后提出了一种改进算法,该算法在选择路径时仅考虑信息素强度,在信息素强度更新时采用基于3层动态信息素更新(Dynamic Ant Colony System with 3 level updates,DACS3)机制,更好地模仿了自然蚂蚁。最后通过仿真验证该算法,结果表明该算法可以取得较好的搜索效果。     

Route Selection for Railway Passengers: A Multi-objective Model and Optimization Algorithm

With an increased operating speed in Chinese railways in recent years, the number of passengers traveling by trains has been significantly increasing. The research issue is regarding how passengers select their routes when there are no direct trains. Previous studies have dealt with the route selection problem as a multi-objective optimization. The study began by setting up a transportation network which encompasses the departure and terminal stations along with important intermediate stations. Then, six key factors are analyzed and formulated using a multi-objective model, consisting of the train-running time, railway fare, transfer frequencies, distances between transfer stations, transfer interval time, and travel comfort. Furthermore, a two-phase algorithm is employed to solve the model. A rapid searching algorithm for feasible routes based on the train timetable is established, then the weight vector is assigned by introducing the information entropy to obtain satisfied routes. In the end, the two-phase algorithm is tested respectively for railway passengers from Lanzhou to Beijing (with direct trains) and from Lanzhou to Changchun (without direct trains), and the results show that the proposed model and solution algorithm are efficient for obtaining satisfactory routes.     

三峡明渠汛期通航技术研究

全面介绍了三峡明渠汛期通航条件,论证了采用大功率推轮换推与施绞相结合措施,把明渠通航流量提高到３５０００ｍ３／ｓ的可行性,为制定换推、绞滩方案提供科学依据     

大长细比框架地道桥的顶进施工与监测

结合某下穿既有铁路的大长细比框架地道桥顶进施工,对顶进施工实施全程监控,重点对施工过程的控制要点、监测点布置、详细的顶进过程进行了技术分析和评估,提出了相关问题的技术措施与建议,对类似工程具有参考价值。     

SPSA算法在微观交通仿真模型VISSIM参数标定中的应用

微观交通仿真模型在交通系统管理、控制和优化中得到了广泛的应用. 然而微观交通仿真模型参数标定是一项复杂且系统的工作,特别是对于较复杂网络,其参数标定耗时长,且不容易找到最优解. 本文选取了应用较为广泛的VISSIM仿真模型作为基础平台,针对遗传算法（GA）的不足,建立了基于同步扰动随机逼近（SPSA）算法的微观仿真模型参数标定方法,并实现了程序的自动化标定;最后将该方法应用于北京市快速路仿真模型的驾驶员行为参数标定中,以速度的相对误差平方和作为收敛函数,通过对比GA算法,SPSA算法收敛速度快1.7倍,且在标定后的流量检验中相对误差的平方和小0.16,验证了SPSA算法在VISSIM参数标定上的优越性.     

Experimental study on mooring, towing and installing of immersed tunnel caissons

Mooring,towing and installing tests on immersed tunnel caissons across the Yong River are carried out in basin to investigate the motions and line tensions.In the towing operation,the maximum tension exists in the case that half caisson is exposed to waves and currents.The cooperation of operating manually on many lines at the same time is very difficult and important.The dynamic behavior of the caisson and the line tensions are affected more by the manual operations than by waves and currents.In the instal...     

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微观交通仿真模型在交通系统管理、控制和优化中得到了广泛的应用. 然而微观交通仿真模型参数标定是一项复杂且系统的工作,特别是对于较复杂网络,其参数标定耗时长,且不容易找到最优解. 本文选取了应用较为广泛的VISSIM仿真模型作为基础平台,针对遗传算法（GA）的不足,建立了基于同步扰动随机逼近（SPSA）算法的微观仿真模型参数标定方法,并实现了程序的自动化标定;最后将该方法应用于北京市快速路仿真模型的驾驶员行为参数标定中,以速度的相对误差平方和作为收敛函数,通过对比GA算法,SPSA算法收敛速度快1.7倍,且在标定后的流量检验中相对误差的平方和小0.16,验证了SPSA算法在VISSIM参数标定上的优越性.     

Sensitivity Analysis of Wave Slamming Load with Respect to Wind Load for Semi-Submersible Platform Design

A design of offshore floating structure is mainly based on the extreme response analysis due to the forces experienced. The extreme response can induce the negative air gap response and potential impact to the deck bottom of floating structure. It is important to predict the slamming load in order to check the strength of local structures which withstand the wave slamming. In recent years, studies of the effects of wind load on air gap response and slamming load are ignored. When the platform suffers the extreme wave, the wind is also harsh.Moreover, the wind load can affect the motion response of the platform. The wind load cannot be simulated easily by model test in towing tank whereas it can be simulated accurately in wind tunnel test. Though the model test results are not accurate enough for air gap and slamming load evaluation due to the loss of wind effect, they can be used as a good basis for tuning the radiation damping and viscous drag in numerical simulation. This paper aims at presenting the sensitivity analysis results of wave slamming load with respect to the wind load for the design of semi-submersible platform. As an example of semi-submersible drilling platform design, the wind tunnel test has been carried out, and the sea-keeping model test is also performed in towing tank, while the wind load effect is ignored. According to the model test results, a numerical model is tuned and validated by ANSYS AQWA. Sensitivity analysis studies of the relative velocity between water particle and platform surface and the wave slamming load with respect to the wind load are performed in time domain by the tuned numerical model.Five simulation cases about the presented platform are simulated based on the results of wind tunnel tests and sea-keeping tests. The sensitivity analysis results are valuable for the floating platform design.     

Steady state analysis of towed marine cables

Efficient numerical schemes were presented for the steady state solutions of towed marine cables. For most of towed systems, the steady state problem can be resolved into two-point boundary-value problem, or initial value problem in some special cases where the initial values are available directly. A new technique was proposed and attempted to solve the two-point boundary-value problem rather than the conventional shooting method due to its algorithm complexity and low efficiency. First, the boundary conditions are transformed into a set of nonlinear governing equations about the initial values, then bisection method is employed to solve these nonlinear equations with the aid of 4th order Runge-Kutta method. In common sense, non-uniform (sheared) current is assumed, which varies in magnitude and direction with depth. The schemes are validated through the DE Zoysa's example, then several numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the numerical schemes.     

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动态路径诱导旨在向驾驶员提供基于实时交通信息的最佳行驶路径来达到诱导出行的目的，以保证车辆在路网上运行的总费用最小，为驾驶员提供较合理的高效行驶路线。动态路径诱导必须实时保证全局准最优，本文将混沌神经网络应用于动态路径诱导，通过在HNN中引入混沌动态，利用其遍历性进行随机搜索，再由退火策略控制混沌动态逐渐消失并转入HNN进一步优化，从而可保证网络收敛到一个最优或近似最优的稳定平衡点。仿真分析表明：将混沌神经网络应用于动态路径诱导系统中求解最优路径，总能保证网络收敛到全局最优，同时可有效克服Hopfield神经网络易陷入局部最优解的缺点，具有更高的搜索效率，对于求解连续变量的非线性优化问题提供了一种有效方法，验证了混沌神经网络在动态路径诱导中的有效性。     

基于单毛坯条带的矩形件最优两段排样方式

对大规模矩形件排样问题提出一种精确、可生成一种新的满足剪冲下料工艺需求的排样方式：基于单毛坯条带的矩形件最优两段排样方式．采用动态规划算法生成最优单毛坯条带,通过一维背包算法确定条带在级中的排样方式和级在段中的最优排样方式,选择最优的两个段组成排样方式．对传统文献中的43道大规模基准测题进行计算,有38道测题达到最优,剩余5道测题的优化结果与最优化结果的比率达到99．9％,每题的平均计算时间仅用2．17s．结果表明,本文算法优于经典两段和著名的T型排样算法,在解决大规模矩形件排样具有高效性．     

UET系统在m台处理机上的一种调度算法及其性能分析

本文介绍了一种UET系统中有效的调度算法,其时间复杂性函数为O(na(n)+e)。该算法对m=2台处理机的调度为最优,而对m≥3台处理机上的未确定调度子问题,其解与最优解之比的最小上界为2-2/m,它也是一个近似程度相当好的有效算法。     

变权值加快收敛的路径寻优实时算法

为获得满意解为目标的最优路径选择问题，给出了一种加权的LRTA^*(Learning Real-TimeA^*)算法，通过改变估价函数值更新规则与解时间和解质量的相对折中，加快算法收敛速度。实例应用表明，该方法比LRTA^*算法更快地收敛于满意解，是一种求解大城市稠密路网两点间最优路径的有效方法。     

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针对无容量约束的单分配轴-辐式物流网络设计问题的特点,为其建立了单分配p-枢纽中位模型,并提出了一种基于蚁群算法的启发式求解算法. 该算法分两步实现：首先利用蚁群算法来确定网络中枢纽节点的位置,然后用另一种启发式算法将非枢纽节点分配给枢纽节点,同时,将一种基于6种邻域结构的变邻域搜索算法作为蚁群算法的局域搜索策略以提升算法的全局搜索能力,并加快收敛速度. 最后结合澳大利亚邮政数据进行了算例仿真实验,并对蚁群算法中参数的合理设置进行了测试分析,实验结果表明,该算法在求解此问题时有着良好的有效性和较快的求解效率.     

无容量约束单分配轴-辐式物流网络设计

针对无容量约束的单分配轴-辐式物流网络设计问题的特点,为其建立了单分配p-枢纽中位模型,并提出了一种基于蚁群算法的启发式求解算法. 该算法分两步实现：首先利用蚁群算法来确定网络中枢纽节点的位置,然后用另一种启发式算法将非枢纽节点分配给枢纽节点,同时,将一种基于6种邻域结构的变邻域搜索算法作为蚁群算法的局域搜索策略以提升算法的全局搜索能力,并加快收敛速度. 最后结合澳大利亚邮政数据进行了算例仿真实验,并对蚁群算法中参数的合理设置进行了测试分析,实验结果表明,该算法在求解此问题时有着良好的有效性和较快的求解效率.