长江南京以下12.5m深水航道二期工程安全应急方案研究

安全应急预案对于提高安全事故中的救援能力、减少安全事故带来的损失具有重要的意义。以南京以下12.5m深水航道二期工程为背景,对拟定的安全应急预案进行分析研究,总结出安全应急预案体系包括综合安全应急预案、专项应急预案和现场处置方案,提炼各层次预案对应的事件类型和具体内容,并编制首接责任制下的应急组织机构和应急流程。     

基于贝叶斯网络的内河搁浅船舶应急决策方法

为使内河搁浅船舶快速有效地进行应急处置,提出一种基于贝叶斯网络的应急处置决策方法,该方法具有直观性强、能定量分析各种应急方案和能处理不确定性信息等优点。通过对江苏海事局2009—2012年的搁浅船舶应急处置数据进行统计分析,获得搁浅船舶的应急处置方案和相对应的影响因素值。提出搁浅船舶的三层应急决策框架,即影响因素层、决策准则层和决策方案层。在该决策框架的基础上建立搁浅船舶应急处置模型,并介绍各决策层的因素及其含义;同时,利用条件概率表建立相互间的定量联系。以一艘在长江内运营的典型搁浅船舶为例进行案例验证,结果表明,提出的贝叶斯决策模型能很好地处理搁浅船舶的应急处置。     

谈溢油应急管理中的智慧应急

文中围绕溢油应急管理中存在的主要问题和需求,提出了以现代空间信息技术为核心,结合物联网、云计算、大数据等新技术的智慧应急平台,对平台的信息获取、综合分析及应急处置三大基本模块进行了阐述。以日常值守应急和突发事故应急管理流程为主线,提出了智慧应急平台框架设计,为增强突发事件的分析和综合研判能力,优化事件现场管控和组织处理方案奠定良好基础,对提升溢油应急管理水平具有重要意义。     

长江液化品运输泄漏事故应急处置方案研究

随着长江液体化工码头逐年增多,本文对液化品运输的泄漏风险进行了分析。根据液化品泄漏后的行为状态,将长江运输液化品分为挥发、漂浮、溶解及沉降四类,并有针对性的分析相应的应急处置流程。然后选取具体的液化品,结合长江的实际情况,对泄漏事故的应急处置进行模拟,并提出合理有效的应急处置方案。研究可为长江液化品运输泄漏事故的应急处置提供参考。     

区域联防 共筑安全——宁波港镇海化工储罐区危险化学品事故应急救援联合演练记

为进一步完善企业应急处置和政府应急救援程序．检验各相关职能部门及相关企业的快速反应能力,了解扩散性危险化学品有毒介质泄漏和易燃易爆危险化学品泄漏的工程抢险措施以及在事故状态下报警、组织救援的方法,进一步提高危险化学品安全事故应急预案的可操作性、增强相关职能部门和企业的协同作战能力、     

海上编队作战方案形式化描述研究

作战方案的形式化描述是实现海上编队指挥自动化的关键,是提高编队协同作战能力的前提。通过对方案形式化描述问题研究现状的分析,概括了作战方案形式化描述的主要研究内容、方案形式化的主要方法、存在问题以及发展方向,对后续的研究工作具有一定参考意义。     

区域联防 共筑安全——宁波港镇海化工储罐区危险化学品故事应急救援联合演练记

为进一步完善企业应急处置和政府应急救援程序．检验各相关职能部门及相关企业的快速反应能力,了解扩散性危险化学品有毒介质泄漏和易燃易爆危险化学品泄漏的工程抢险措施以及在事故状态下报警、组织救援的方法,进一步提高危险化学品安全事故应急预案的可操作性、增强相关职能部门和企业的协同作战能力、     

首个省级海上危险化学品事故应急预案在津出台

6月10日,天津海事局组织召开新闻发布会,发布了由其编制并经天津市政府审批通过的《天津海上危险化学品事故应急预案》。该应急预案由总则、组织体系、预警预报、信息处理、应急响应、应急结束、后期处置、信息发布、应急保障、应急管理10部分以及《海上危险化学品事故应急处置指南》等5个附件组成,     

深水消油剂水下喷洒系统及作业技术

针对深水油气勘探开发作业对水下溢油应急处置技术手段的迫切需求,介绍一种用于深水溢油处置的深水消油剂喷洒系统装置及其主要功能模块,给出深水消油剂喷洒作业流程,为深水溢油应急处置提供有效的装备和作业技术支撑。     

谈索赔船舶油污事故应急处置费用的若干问题

正近年来,船舶油污事故发生后,海事主管机关常常强制采取应急处置行动清除船舶油污。但在船舶油污应急处置行动结束后,海事主管机关或其指派参加应急处置行动的单位却难以获得应急处置费用的赔偿。本文分析了评估应急处置费用的困难之处,并引用评估应急处置费用的相关规定,总结了应急处置费用的证明要点,最后对如何准备应急处置费用的索赔材料提出了相关的建议。一、问题的提出船舶油污事故发生后,根据相关法律法规的规定,     

Oil spill contingency plans and policies in Norway and the United Kingdom

Abstract

Tankers and offshore exploration and production facilities are the main sources of marine oil spills in the North Sea. Both Norway and the United Kingdom conduct vigorous programs to improve oil spill response, including systematic research and testing of oil spill cleanup technology, regional stockpiling of oil spill response equipment, training of response personnel, and conducting periodic in‐water oil spill “war games.”; The United Kingdom relies on chemical dispersants, while Norway prefers the use of mechanical containment and recovery devices. Norway also requires its offshore operators to demonstrate that their oil spill response equipment and contingency plans meet specific performance standards.     

海上溢油应急能力评估研究

针对目前我国海上溢油应急能力评估现状,借鉴国内外其他领域应急能力评估模式的先进经验,建立了包含5个一级指标,20个二级指标的海上溢油应急能力评估指标体系.运用改进的层次分析法得出不同层次指标的权重,并结合某海区溢油应急能力现状评分,得到该海区海上溢油应急能力等级.研究表明,该评价指标体系合理、实用,可为海上溢油应急能力...     

水上溢油应急装备跟踪定位浮标关键技术研究

文中介绍了近年来国内外溢油事故危害及应急技术现状,针对当前海上溢油难以跟踪定位的难题,提出了溢油跟踪定位浮标技术解决方案,采用北斗卫星定位通信为平台,实现海上溢油的全过程、全天候的实时跟踪、监测功能,通过海上试验验证,溢油跟踪定位浮标为海上溢油事故应急快速反应提供了一种有力工具．     

海上溢油微型跟踪浮标研究与应用

文中介绍了海上溢油微型跟踪浮标的技术特点和研究情况,通过水动力学研究,优化了微型跟踪浮标技术参数,采用卫星定位通讯方式实现海上溢油的全天候全过程监测,海上试验效果良好,为海上溢油事故应急快速反应提供了一种有效技术手段。     

海上溢油应急反应电子海图系统的研制开发

海上溢油应急反应电子海图子系统是海上溢油应急反应模拟系统的主要界面,它是针对海上溢油应急反应而开发研制的。除一般航海电子海图系统所具有的海图数学要素数据、图形要素数据及辅助要素数据外,它还包含有环境敏感区数据库和溢油应急反应模型库等。     

港口大型溢油应急处置方案探讨

大型油船港口码头及石油储备设施附近港口码头,一旦发生溢油事故,一般部是大型溢油事故事故现场具有其独特的特点,溢油应急处置需要根据溢油现场的实际情况确定应急救援工作所需要的人员、物资和设备,并制定有针对性的应急处置方案溢油应急处置方案的能否有效与实施,决定着整个溢油应急工作的成败.     

长江沿岸小型区域性溢油应急设备库建设

文中针对长江沿岸溢油设备配备现状,深入分析长江沿岸小型区域性溢油应急设备库的优势,力求寻找一条解决目前溢油设备配备存在的问题的新途径,从而有效提高长江水域溢油处置能力。     

Total oil spill costs and compensations

Although counteracting environmental programmes and policies have been strengthened, large oil spills still occur at irregular intervals. The total oil spill costs and their compensations have attracted much interest from various parties, such as local stakeholders, and state and federal governments. This paper addresses five major cost categories whose aggregations are expected to cover the overall direct and indirect costs after the release of an oil spill. Among them, research costs should not be neglected, since they tend to be high if public attention has been drawn to the case. Through an examination of the relationship between the total oil spill costs and their admissible claims, we found that:

1. admissible claims do not cover the overall costs of the oil spill, and
2. admissible claims cannot be compensated in full in the case of large spills.

Clearly, a sound oil spill contingency management aims to minimize both the environmental impacts of areas most at risk and the total oil spill costs. In this paper an economic model for measuring environmental damages following an oil spill is addressed and applied to the Prestige case which happened to be the worst oil pollution in the history of Spain. The model indicates how an ideally a priori economic evaluation may intuitively help managers to make informed as well as fast decisions in contingency cases.     

Total oil spill costs and compensations

Although counteracting environmental programmes and policies have been strengthened, large oil spills still occur at irregular intervals. The total oil spill costs and their compensations have attracted much interest from various parties, such as local stakeholders, and state and federal governments. This paper addresses five major cost categories whose aggregations are expected to cover the overall direct and indirect costs after the release of an oil spill. Among them, research costs should not be neglected, since they tend to be high if public attention has been drawn to the case. Through an examination of the relationship between the total oil spill costs and their admissible claims, we found that:

1. admissible claims do not cover the overall costs of the oil spill, and

2. admissible claims cannot be compensated in full in the case of large spills.

Clearly, a sound oil spill contingency management aims to minimize both the environmental impacts of areas most at risk and the total oil spill costs. In this paper an economic model for measuring environmental damages following an oil spill is addressed and applied to the Prestige case which happened to be the worst oil pollution in the history of Spain. The model indicates how an ideally a priori economic evaluation may intuitively help managers to make informed as well as fast decisions in contingency cases.     

落实科学发展观 提高辽宁辖区船舶溢油应急处置能力

船舶数量的增多和船舶大型化，使海上因船舶交通事故引发的船舶溢油风险概率大增。一直以来。由于我国对船舶溢油应急处置能力建设的滞后，有效应对海上溢油尤其是突发性重大溢油事故的能力还很弱，因此，尽快提高溢油应急处置能力具有重大的现实意义。文中从提高对船舶溢油应急处置能力重要性的认识出发。科学分析了造成应急处置能力低的根源，并从落实科学发展观的角度，具体提出了有效提高海上溢油应急处置能力的方法和途径。