地震作用下的桥梁碰撞分析改进求解方法

为了准确研究碰撞效应对桥梁造成的破坏以及对桥梁地震响应造成的影响,针对用于桥梁地震碰撞分析的接触单元模型提了一种改进求解方法.该方法把碰撞模型等效为一个弹簧一振子模型,由振子、弹簧和阻尼器构成.振子的运动过程代表碰撞的压缩和恢复过程.可以通过对运动方程的求解,得到相对压入量、相对压入速度、碰撞力、碰撞持续时间及其相互关...     

滑板式侧滑仪受力特性及测量误差机理分析

为了解决滑板式侧滑仪测滑量检测结果离散性大、重复性差的问题,以滑板为研究对象,通过滑板与轮胎胎面之间侧向力的相互作用,从理论上分析滑板在检测过程中的受力特性,建立滑板横向运动的力学模型和相应的运动微分方程,并对其进行求解,得出滑板位移的理论计算公式和前转向轮在滑板上的运动胎迹;最后分析和讨论了侧滑值受到回位弹簧的刚度、滑板的质量、被检车辆的质量和被检车辆速度的影响规律以及侧滑仪测量误差的形成机理。计算和分析结果表明:滑板的位移是滚动轮胎在滑板上的位置函数,其按一定的角频率波动变化;滑板位移的最大值与滑板所受的侧向力成正比,与弹簧刚度成反比。     

七座小客车碰撞安全性的模拟与分析

采用有限元方法分析了七座小客车碰撞安全的特性,通过特殊焊接形式和约束的施加,建立了与实车相一致的悬架和轮胎模型。整车运用施加质量点等方法,有效地保证了整车模拟碰撞过程的准确性,并成功地完成了与实验结果的对标分析。     

基于虚拟迭代方法的后扭力梁载荷谱提取

建立了整车动力学模型,以试验场采集的轮心六分力为激励信号,以实测轴头加速度和弹簧位移为目标信号,运用虚拟迭代方法反求出轮胎接地点处的位移激励,驱动整车模型进行仿真分析,从时域、损伤域、幅值域和频率域多方面对仿真输出结果与实测信号进行了对比分析,结果表明仿真结果与实测信号对标良好,提取了后扭力梁连接点的载荷谱,为后期零部件的疲劳分析提供了输入条件。     

非独立悬架钢板弹簧的运动轨迹分析

通过对非独立悬架中钢板弹簧在整车状态下的运动轨迹的分析,阐述了对称式钢板板簧、非对称式钢板弹簧运动轨迹作图法。运用中心拓展作图法,在CATIA模块中以草图绘制为基础,对板簧和轮心轨迹进行绘制。通过DMU运动仿真模块来模拟板簧的运动方式,对对称和非对称式钢板弹簧运动轨迹进行运动仿真。运用ADAMS方法,根据非独立悬架运动学原理,以模型的空间位置为基础,在整车坐标系下得到了钢板弹簧运动轨迹。通过中心拓展作图法与ADAMS方法对比分析,验证了该方法设计的板簧在轮边、后桥、传动轴等跳动校核中的有效性。     

哈飞路宝正面碰撞安全性车身优化设计

针对哈飞路宝轿车车身设计的具体要求,建立了用于碰撞分析的整车车身结构简化有限元模型,并利用该模型对车身前部结构的几种设计方案进行了选择分析。利用计算机模拟技术对整车车身结构的有限元模型进行了模拟碰撞分析。模拟结果与实车碰撞试验结果的对比表明,所采用计算方法和模拟过程正确,提出的优化设计方案可以提高该轿车产品的被动安全性。     

钢板弹簧建模方法研究

建立了5种不同的钢板弹簧模型,并从钢板弹簧自身的力学特性、悬架系统的K&C特性以及整车动态特性等方面,对这5种钢板弹簧模型进行了仿真分析对比.结果表明,在传统的SAE三连杆方法和离散梁方法的基础上引入梁单元而提出的扩展三连杆方法,建模过程较简便,仿真结果与公认具有较高精度的离散梁模型的结果较接近,比较适用于悬架子系统和整车分析.     

基于ADAMS的某重型牵引车操纵稳定性仿真分析

以某6×4重型牵引车为分析对象,采用ADAMS建立了整车的仿真模型,根据国标《汽车操纵稳定性指标限值与评价方法》,进行整车操纵稳定性仿真试验,从不同角度反映在运动过程中的稳态响应和瞬态响应,综合评价牵引车的操纵稳定性。同时,通过对牵引车的前悬架钢板弹簧刚度和整车载荷等参数参数的变化,研究了不同状态下参数的变化对操纵稳定性所造成的影响。     

汽车偏置碰撞安全性结构改进

应用Hypermesh和Pam-Crash软件建立整车有限元模型,按照C-NCAP试验要求分别进行整车正面碰撞和40%偏置碰撞仿真。通过仿真结果与试验结果B柱加速度曲线的对比分析,验证整车模型的正确性和可靠性,同时根据仿真结果评估车身结构偏置碰撞安全性能,对结构进行改进。改进后整车偏置碰撞性能得以提升。     

轮胎模型刚度对前部偏置碰撞结果的影响

建立了整车碰撞模型中的轮胎模型后,通过调整模型参数,使模拟的轮胎刚度特性曲线近似于试验的轮胎刚度特性曲线,并应用于整车前部偏置碰撞模拟中,分析轮胎刚度对偏置碰撞结果的影响.结果表明,轮胎刚度对碰撞过程整车加速度、截面力、防火墙侵入量等均有一定的影响.     

双轴汽车模型下某车型的振动分析

将双轴汽车多自由度模型简化成四自由度的平面模型,忽略了车轮部分质量及刚度的影响。把质量m的车身等效的分解为前后轴以及质心C上的三个集中质量m2f、m2r及m2c,这三个质量由无质量的刚性杆进行连接。分析在该模型下振动输入对车身垂直和俯仰运动的影响,重点研究在有阻尼情况下双轴汽车模型的偏频和振型分析。     

The Random Vibration of a Nonuniform Cantilever Beam with Concentrated Mass

The random vibration of a nonuniform cantilever beam with a concentrated mass at its end, is studied as a simple model of the suspension spring of a motor vehicle. The spectral response of the displacement of the concentrated mass is obtained when the beam is subjected to the random motion of the support. The conditions for the validity of the single degree approximation is also discussed.     

Modelling,validation and analysis of a three-dimensional railway vehicle–track system model with linear and nonlinear track properties in the presence of wheel flats

This paper presents dynamic contact loads at wheel–rail contact point in a three-dimensional railway vehicle–track model as well as dynamic response at vehicle–track component levels in the presence of wheel flats. The 17-degrees of freedom lumped mass vehicle is modelled as a full car body, two bogies and four wheelsets, whereas the railway track is modelled as two parallel Timoshenko beams periodically supported by lumped masses representing the sleepers. The rail beam is also supported by nonlinear spring and damper elements representing the railpad and ballast. In order to ensure the interactions between the railpads, a shear parameter beneath the rail beams has also been considered into the model. The wheel–rail contact is modelled using nonlinear Hertzian contact theory. In order to solve the coupled partial and ordinary differential equations of the vehicle–track system, modal analysis method is employed. Idealised Haversine wheel flats with the rounded corner are included in the wheel–rail contact model. The developed model is validated with the existing measured and analytical data available in the literature. The nonlinear model is then employed to investigate the wheel–rail impact forces that arise in the wheel–rail interface due to the presence of wheel flats. The validated model is further employed to investigate the dynamic responses of vehicle and track components in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration in the presence of single wheel flat.     

The Random Vibration of a Nonuniform Cantilever Beam with Concentrated Mass

SUMMARY

The random vibration of a nonuniform cantilever beam with a concentrated mass at its end, is studied as a simple model of the suspension spring of a motor vehicle. The spectral response of the displacement of the concentrated mass is obtained when the beam is subjected to the random motion of the support. The conditions for the validity of the single degree approximation is also discussed.     

Lumped mass-spring model construction for crash analysis using full frontal impact test data

Lumped Mass-Spring (LMS) model is simple but very effective for the design study of vehicle crashworthiness and occupant safety. To construct the LMS model, the SISAME software and the NHTSA test data were used. Using the SISAME, the weights of mass elements and the load-paths of spring elements were optimally and directly extracted from the test data. Among the various types of spring, the segmented inelastic type of spring was effective for the vehicle crash analysis. In this study, to obtain the occupant injuries such as HIC15 and 3 ms Chest g’s, the LMS model containing the occupant model consisted of the head, chest and pelvis was developed and validated. The modeling for the chest deflection and neck injuries was not considered in this study because of the modeling difficulties and the limitation of the SISAME software. The simulation results of occupants showed good agreements with the test results. The modeling idea for the occupant was simple but very effective.     

A linear complementarity method for the solution of vertical vehicle–track interaction

A new method is proposed for the solution of the vertical vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail. The vehicle is modelled as a multi-body system using rigid bodies, and the track is treated as a three-layer beam model in which the rail is considered as an Euler-Bernoulli beam and both the sleepers and the ballast are represented by lumped masses. A linear complementarity formulation is directly established using a combination of the wheel–rail normal contact condition and the generalised-α method. This linear complementarity problem is solved using the Lemke algorithm, and the wheel–rail contact force can be obtained. Then the dynamic responses of the vehicle and the track are solved without iteration based on the generalised-α method. The same equations of motion for the vehicle and track are adopted at the different wheel–rail contact situations. This method can remove some restrictions, that is, time-dependent mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the coupled system, multiple equations of motion for the different contact situations and the effect of the contact stiffness. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for simulating the vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail.     

Analysis of Tire Effect on the Simulation of Vehicle Straight Line Motion

In the dynamic simulation of vehicle straight line motion, a vehicle model usually drifts from its intended straight path even in the case of no external input. This is particularly true when a tire model based on experimental data is used. The purpose of this paper is to provide an enhancement of a basic understanding of a tire/vehicle system behavior in the straight line motion and to identify the effect of the tire on that motion. Through the analysis of a two degrees of freedom vehicle model, tire characteristic which causes a lateral drift in the straight line motion is identified. Then the results are confirmed from vehicle test and the simulations with a more complex full-car model.     

Analysis of Tire Effect on the Simulation of Vehicle Straight Line Motion

In the dynamic simulation of vehicle straight line motion, a vehicle model usually drifts from its intended straight path even in the case of no external input. This is particularly true when a tire model based on experimental data is used. The purpose of this paper is to provide an enhancement of a basic understanding of a tire/vehicle system behavior in the straight line motion and to identify the effect of the tire on that motion. Through the analysis of a two degrees of freedom vehicle model, tire characteristic which causes a lateral drift in the straight line motion is identified. Then the results are confirmed from vehicle test and the simulations with a more complex full-car model.     

换道操作对智能车辆乘客舒适性的影响研究

乘坐舒适性是决定乘客对智能车辆接受度的重要因素之一。为了提升智能车辆的舒适性,服务智能驾驶控制算法的设计和优化,开展了基于乘客主观感知的实车乘坐舒适性试验,试验中驾驶人驾驶传统车辆执行多次换道操作,获取了60名被试乘客对换道操作的舒适性评价数据,并采集了车辆的运动数据。选取换道时横向最大加速度、回正时横向最大加速度、横向最大加加速度、横向加速度转换幅值以及横向加速度转换频率这5个车辆运动参数作为研究对象。采用二元Logistic回归单因素分析法分析了这5个车辆运动参数对乘坐舒适性的影响,采用接收者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析法为不同晕车易感性的乘客分别确立了这5个车辆运动参数的舒适性阈值,并根据岭回归分析法确定了不同参数对乘坐舒适性的影响权重。结果表明：所选取的5个车辆运动参数对乘坐舒适性具有显著影响,易晕乘客的舒适性阈值小于不易晕乘客的舒适性阈值,在换道过程中,换道时横向最大加速度、回正时横向最大加速度和横向加速度转换幅值是影响乘坐舒适性的主要因素。最后根据车辆运动参数和乘客生理特征参数建立了基于动态时间归整(DTW)和K最近邻(KNN)算法的乘坐舒适性预测模型,该模型对乘坐舒适性的预测准确率为84%,可用于智能车辆控制算法的舒适性判断。     

基于交互多模型的车辆质量与道路坡度估计（双语出版）

车辆结构参数和道路环境信息的实时准确获取是提高智能汽车运动控制性能的重要因素之一，而车辆质量与道路坡度信息是多种汽车控制系统的必要信息，因此质量与坡度在线估计的研究一直受到关注。针对车辆质量与道路坡度的联合估计问题，提出了一种基于交互多模型的质量与坡度融合估计方法。首先，设定了适宜进行质量精确估计的工况条件，据此提出了基于模糊规则的质量估计置信度因子计算算法，进而设计了基于置信度因子的递推最小二乘车辆质量估计算法，以实现质量的在线估计。然后，以车辆纵向动力学模型为基础，建立了运动学和动力学2种坡度估计模型，并设计了基于运动学模型的线性卡尔曼滤波坡度观测器，基于电子稳定性程序ESP的纵向加速度信息实现坡度估计，设计了基于动力学模型的无迹卡尔曼滤波坡度观测器，基于ESP和发动机管理系统EMS的力信息实现坡度估计。运动学模型未考虑车辆姿态信息，坡度估算结果与实际值有偏差；动力学模型对模型精度要求高，算法稳定性差，为充分发挥2种方法优势实现坡度的精确估计，采用交互多模型算法实现了2种坡度估计方法的加权融合。最后，对所设计的算法进行了实车试验验证。结果表明：所设计的质量与坡度估算算法具有较好的实时性和准确性，适合智能汽车运动控制的应用需求。