船用双平衡环挠性陀螺仪接头设计准则及力学分析

本文讨论了船用双平衡环挠性陀螺仪接头的设计准则，进行了接头的刚度计算及承载能力和强度分析，从而为设计高精度挠性陀螺仪提供了重要的参考依据。     

基于热点应力法的新型插板接头疲劳寿命评估

针对岸边集装箱起重机的一种新型插板接头,使用有限元方法研究了接头在轴力和弯矩作用下的集中系数。基于码头记录的载荷谱对应的热点应力对插板接头在200万次循环作用下的疲劳损伤进行评估,其疲劳寿命较传统插板接头提高至5.2倍,新型接头形式可供类似项目借鉴,基于热点应力法的插板接头疲劳寿命评估方法可供同行参考。     

基于管体变形实时监测的挠性接管寿命评估方法

针对凯夫拉纤维增强型挠性接管(FW-FP)管体发生局部异常变形而导致管体破裂失效的问题,提出一种基于管体变形实时监测的挠性接管寿命评估方法。融合电阻感应原理和光纤光栅(FBG)传感原理,在建立管体结构模型的基础上,采用数值计算和有限元仿真方法,对管体轴向变形、径向变形、充压变形及局部异常变形特性进行分析,提取出区分管体正常变形和局部异常变形的特征阈值。该方法能够有效识别管体的局部异常变形,实时评估挠性接管的工作寿命。     

焊接结构多轴疲劳寿命预测结构应力法

海洋工程焊接结构形式复杂且遭受随机波浪载荷作用,焊接接头多数处于多轴疲劳状态,而目前工程上主要采用基于单轴疲劳理论和试验的方法预测结构的疲劳寿命。为了提高焊接结构疲劳寿命预测的准确性,文章提出了一种评估焊接接头疲劳强度的新型结构应力法,并与临界面理论相结合,能够用于实际焊接结构的多轴疲劳寿命预测。通过对国际上已公开发表的疲劳试验数据进行有限元分析,证明了文中提出的结构应力法比传统的热点应力法具有更高的精度,以及该方法应用于焊接结构多轴疲劳寿命预测的可行性。最后,应用该方法对一个T型管节点进行了多轴疲劳寿命计算。     

JYXR系列舰用挠性接管研究

JYXR系列舰用挠性接管主要包括JYXR(L)型肘形挠性接管、JYXR(P)型平衡式挠性接管和引俄JYXR型挠性接管3个系列.研究打破了欧、美、俄等发达国家的技术封锁,突破了肘形管的平衡性设计原理、软管骨架材料芳纶纤维的实用化技术、可靠性设计、帘线在弯曲非对称体上精确、均匀缠绕技术、三法兰一体化接头设计等重大理论、技术难题,成功研制出符合研制技术要求的高性能JYXR系列挠性接管产品,为舰艇管路系统减振抗冲设计提供了有力的技术支撑.     

新型挠性陀螺仪

长平机械厂注重与有关科研所、院校合作,研制生产了 Y301A、Y301B、Y2721、Y4602、Y4602E 等几种型号的挠性陀螺仪,其中最近研制生产的 Y4602ELH—1型挠性陀螺仪其指标在国内同类产品中遥遥领先(寿命可达20000小时,平均无故障时间≥5000小时,随机漂移精度≤0.02度     

深水钻井隔水管磨损评估及保护措施分析

结合两起深水钻井隔水管磨损事故后果分析,对钻杆转动造成的隔水管磨损机理进行了探讨和定量评估.分析了底部挠性接头角度、深水海流对隔水管磨损的重要影响,探讨了相应的改进措施,并介绍了两种磨损减缓装备可供选用.     

对接接头双轴低周疲劳扩展寿命估算方法比较研究

分析对接接头在纵向受弯和垂向受压循环载荷作用下的低周疲劳断口形式,提出了一种基于最大剪切面上剪应力和法向应力的双轴疲劳扩展寿命估算方法,并与其它几种估算方法进行了比较,表明该方法具有一定的物理意义和工程实用性。     

弧形管疲劳寿命预测研究

弧形管是一种常用的管路连接件,在服役时长期受到大位移疲劳载荷的作用。传统工程实践中针对挠性接管处于疲劳载荷在可靠性检验多采用抽样试验方法,该方法存在试验成本高,置信度差的缺点,且未从失效机理上对弧形管疲劳失效进行有效分析。本文将汽车行业橡胶件疲劳寿命预测常用的裂纹萌生法应用于弧形管。通过单轴疲劳拉伸试验,建立基于各种疲劳损伤参数的寿命预测模型,结合弧形管三维实体有限元仿真模型和寿命预测模型,对拉压工况下的疲劳寿命进行预测并通过加速试验进行了验证。该论文研究结果可用于指导弧形管疲劳可靠性设计。     

超声冲击法改善高强钢焊接接头的疲劳性能

焊接接头的疲劳强度远低于母材 ,大量试验表明疲劳裂纹主要起源于接头焊趾处。使用超声冲击法处理接头 ,以改变焊趾区几何形状、消除焊趾缺陷、调整焊趾区残余应力场 ,是改善焊接接头及结构疲劳强度的一种有效方法。利用自行研制的超声冲击装置 ,采用两种接头形式 (纵向角接接头和对接接头 )进行了 SS80 0高强钢原始焊态与超声冲击处理态的疲劳对比试验 ,结果表明 :( 1 )双面焊对接接头焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 1 5 0 MPa;单面焊对接焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 1 3 2 MPa;纵向角接焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 98MPa。 ( 2 )超声冲击处理态单面焊双面成型试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高 1 3 2 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 48～ 1 3 2倍 ;双面焊接对接超声冲击处理态试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高95 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 2 2～ 62倍 ;纵向角接接头超声冲击处理试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高1 73 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 3 2～ 70倍。 ( 3 )超声冲击处理技术能够大幅度改善高强钢焊接接头的疲劳性能     

Effects of adhesive type on the mechanical properties of adhesive joints between polyurethane top coats and polyurethane-based adhesives after accelerated atmospheric ageing

The performance of a sealed stainless steel bracket system, adhesively bonded with two polyurethane-based adhesives (flexible adhesive, stiff adhesive) onto a marine polyurethane top coat, is investigated. The investigated joint connections on the coatings exhibited a high mechanical stability even after accelerated ageing (salt spray exposure, cyclic temperature variations, high relative humidity). The aged joints retained up to 81% of their tensile strength and up to 92% of their lap-shear strength. The torsional rigidity of the adhesive joint exceeded the required clamping torque of the designed bolt. A cyclical lifetime of >9·10⁶ load cycles was estimated. Effects of cyclic ageing on the creep performance of the adhesive joint were found to be insignificant. Under tensile loads, the joints with stiff adhesive material exhibited a linear-elastic performance without the capability to deform prior to failure. The joints with the flexible adhesive material, in contrast, exhibited a behavior typically for ductile materials featuring a pronounced yield plateau prior to failure. Failure loads were higher, and displacement was notably lower, for the joints with stiff adhesive material. All joint connections met the requirements for a safety factor for the design for marine applications (11.6 for the flexible adhesive; 14.3 for the stiff adhesive). When the flexible adhesive is applied, the cohesive strength of the adhesive material is the limiting design factor. When the stiff adhesive is utilized, the load carrying capacity is higher, and the interface between priming coat and steel substrate is the limiting design area of the joints. The strength utilization of the adhesive materials depended on the particular structure of the entire joint configuration, particularly on the interface between steel substrate and the coating material. A number of assessment factors, namely stress limit factor, coating adhesion factor and safety factor, are introduced and discussed for tensile and shear loads.     

钢悬链线立管整体干涉分析研究

深水海洋立管具有柔性,特别是极端海况条件下,相邻立管之间可能发生互相干涉而增大立管的应力,从而影响其疲劳寿命.钢悬链线立管相比顶张力立管,有效张力较小,对环境载荷作用更加敏感,更容易发生碰撞.基于动力学分析软件OrcaFlex建立有限元模型,从允许碰撞的角度出发,对串列布置于张力腿平台上的两根钢悬链线立管进行整体碰撞分析,研究立管间距、尾流模型、拖曳力系数、海流流速和柔性接头刚度对立管碰撞的影响,阐述对碰撞范围、上下游立管相对运动速度、最大碰撞速度和最大碰撞能量的影响规律,为实际工程中立管的空间布置和结构优化设计提供参考.     

Local joint flexibility element for offshore plateforms structures

A large number of offshore platforms of various types have been installed in deep or shallow waters throughout the world. These structures are mainly made of tubular members which are interconnected by using tubular joints. In tubular frames, joints may exhibit considerable flexibility in both elastic and plastic range of response. The resulting flexibility may have marked effects on the overall behavior of offshore platforms.This paper investigates the effects of joint flexibility on local and global behavior of tubular framed structures in linear range of response. A new joint flexibility element is developed on the basis of flexibility matrix and implemented in a finite-element program to account for local joint flexibility effects in analytical models of tubular framed structures. The element formulation is considerably easy and straightforward in comparison with other existing tubular joint elements. It was concluded that developed flexible joint model produces accurate results comparing to sophisticated multi-axial finite element joint models.     

基于谱分析的FPSB疲劳寿命评估和优化

FPSB是一种新型深远海大型浮式结构物,长期承受交变波浪载荷作用,易发生疲劳而使得结构失效。本文以一艘FPSB为研究对象,使用谱分析法对其疲劳寿命进行了评估。首先建立水动力模型计算波浪载荷响应算子RAO,建立整船结构模型计算船体结构响应,随后选取典型节点建立子模型以得到精确的热点应力传递函数,采用北大西洋海况和P-M海浪谱,基于S-N曲线和线性累积损伤准则对典型节点的疲劳寿命进行计算分析。根据疲劳评估结果,对易损节点进行基于疲劳性能的结构优化,以提高节点形式的合理性及结构安全可靠性。     

热喷铝对船体钢焊接接头疲劳性能影响试验研究

通过对390MPa级船体钢焊接接头热喷铝与不喷铝疲劳对比试验，结果表明：在相同疲劳交变应力条件下，热喷铝焊接接头疲劳寿命大于不喷铝焊接接头的疲劳寿命。     

大型开敞式深水码头导管架结构管节点的疲劳分析

结合大连新港新建30万吨级(兼靠45万t)进口原油码头工程,以导管架结构为研究对象,阐述该结构管节点的疲劳计算方法,并计算开敞式码头导管架结构中管节点的疲劳寿命.结果表明管节点的疲劳寿命满足相应规范的要求,可为实际工程设计提供参考.     

一种四连杆柔性斗轮技术

针对斗轮堆取料机刚性料斗结构无法与地面接触,导致取料时残余物料多、清场效果差等问题,提出一种新型四连杆柔性斗轮技术,采用伸缩装置与连杆结合,实现斗轮堆取料机料斗的柔性伸缩;伸缩装置布置于料斗后方,可更好地防护伸缩装置在取料过程中的磨损,在减少清场作业量的同时,提高柔性斗轮的使用寿命.     

超大型浮体柔性连接器疲劳强度模型试验

为了保证超大型浮体的作业安全,需要精确评估连接器结构疲劳强度。文章针对一种由尼龙柔性夹层和环肋加强圆管轴构成的铰接式连接器,开展了疲劳强度模型试验,测量了热点应力、疲劳寿命和裂纹扩展。考虑接触、柔性层以及开孔的影响,采用三维有限元方法计算了连接器结构应力,分别基于S-N曲线和裂纹扩展,给出了柔性连接器疲劳寿命评估方法。比较分析表明,计算得到的连接器结构应力和疲劳寿命与模型试验结果吻合,文中方法可用于柔性连接器结构疲劳强度设计     

RFID wireless system for detection of water in the annulus of a flexible pipe

Corrosive environments are responsible for the highest degree of degradation and failure in marine structures. The presence of sea water in marine structures such as flexible pipes can cause a significant reduction in their operational life, especially when associated with permeated gases, which could lead to corrosion related failure mechanisms such as corrosion-fatigue and hydrogen cracking. The ingress of sea water into flexible pipes can occur either due to ruptures in their external polymeric sheath or to permeation of condensed water from the pipe bore. This event since flooding of the so-called annular space of flexible pipes is the trigger for all knows corrosion assisted failure modes, it is clear that a system that is able to reliably detect the presence of water in the structure is highly desirable. This work will describe a radio frequency identification (RFID) system designed for this purpose; it relies on the measurement of shifts in the resonance frequency of specially-designed tags which would be inserted within the layers of the flexible pipe during manufacturing. This paper shows the design and validation process of these tags and also of a reader which is meant to be scanned along the outside surface of the pipe by a remotely-operated vehicle (ROV). The study was performed through a finite element analysis and a test in which the tags were inserted within a full-scale mock-up of a flexible riser, which was then flooded with synthetic seawater. Results show that the shift in response due to sea water is clearly identifiable and distinguishable from other effects.