Vehicle Response to Stochastic Roadways

SUMMARY

Dynamic response calculations for vehicles traversing irregular surfaces are usually accomplished using frequency domain methods involving spectral densities and transfer functions. Here an alternative procedure is developed which allows direct computation of mean square values and correlations of system variables for both transient and steady-state conditions. The method is based upon the differential equation for the covariance matrix which is directly related to the state equations for the vehicle. Multiple white noise inputs can be incorporated as well as inputs at two wheels which follow the same track at a distance from one another..The method is suitable for computer implementation without the complex algebra associated with finding all necessary transfer functions and the necessity of evaluating integrals in order to find mean square values using the conventional approach. As an illustration, a simple vehicle model is worked out completely and the variation of pitch and heave motion as a function of vehicle speed is plotted.     

Vehicle Response to Stochastic Roadways

Dynamic response calculations for vehicles traversing irregular surfaces are usually accomplished using frequency domain methods involving spectral densities and transfer functions. Here an alternative procedure is developed which allows direct computation of mean square values and correlations of system variables for both transient and steady-state conditions. The method is based upon the differential equation for the covariance matrix which is directly related to the state equations for the vehicle. Multiple white noise inputs can be incorporated as well as inputs at two wheels which follow the same track at a distance from one another..The method is suitable for computer implementation without the complex algebra associated with finding all necessary transfer functions and the necessity of evaluating integrals in order to find mean square values using the conventional approach. As an illustration, a simple vehicle model is worked out completely and the variation of pitch and heave motion as a function of vehicle speed is plotted.     

车辆非匀速行驶时路面随机输入的时频研究

首先应用协方差等效方法建立了单轮随机输入非平稳时域模型。根据时间-空间一、二阶微分关系,给出了前后轮变时差相关的问题,较好地解决了非平稳路面时域研究中的低速大幅值波动问题。并由各向同性假设直接得到了车辆左右轮的相关关系,因此适合各种车辆。分析表明Wigner—Ville谱很好地反映了频率特征和路面波形特征。     

汽车弯道制动试验响应分析

汽车弯道制动是一种危险而复杂的工况，其复杂性表现在影响因素多和评价方法两方面。文中通过试验，分析了影响汽车弯道制动性能的主要因素。从试验结果来看，用稳定性和偏移量两个评价指标，可以较全面评价汽车弯道制动性能。     

车辆荷载作用下路桥段结构的动态响应分析

本文首先建立了车辆荷载模型,并通过编制FORTRAN用户子程序实现了车辆荷载的移动和重复作用。采用大型有限元软件ABAQUS对简化的路桥段结构进行了三维有限元分析,计算了路桥段在车辆动荷载作用下的应力应变特性和变形规律,并分析了载重对路桥段结构的影响。结论认为:车辆荷载是导致台背填土以及地基沉降的直接原因之一,因而在路桥段结构设计中应考虑车辆动荷载的作用。     

Effect of Connecting the Front and Rear Air Suspensions of a Vehicle on the Transmissibility of Road Undulation Inputs

SUMMARY

Airsprings have been used for vehicle suspensions over the last 40 years. They are mostly used as independent suspensions. Analysis of air springs available in literature is mostly limited to a single-degree-of-freedom system or a two-degrees-of-freedom system only in the translation mode. This paper deals with a model of a vehicle where the front and the rear springs are connected by a capillary tube. A two-degrees-of-freedom model having motion in bounce and pitch mode is presented. Equations of mass flow are linearized on the assumption of small variations in volume and pressure. Expressions for the transmissibility and the phase angle in the bounce and the pitch mode are derived. Road inputs to the front and the rear axles are assumed to be identical except for a phase difference between them. The effect of the capillary flow coefficient and that of the phase angle between the front and the rear axle excitation are studied. It is shown that an optimum value of the capillary flow coefficient exists which minimizes the transmissibility of motion in both modes over the entire frequency range. It is also observed that a phase angle of 180 degrees presents ideal transmissibility characteristics. Thus, a promising application of air springs for a vehicle suspension is presented.     

Effect of Connecting the Front and Rear Air Suspensions of a Vehicle on the Transmissibility of Road Undulation Inputs

Airsprings have been used for vehicle suspensions over the last 40 years. They are mostly used as independent suspensions. Analysis of air springs available in literature is mostly limited to a single-degree-of-freedom system or a two-degrees-of-freedom system only in the translation mode. This paper deals with a model of a vehicle where the front and the rear springs are connected by a capillary tube. A two-degrees-of-freedom model having motion in bounce and pitch mode is presented. Equations of mass flow are linearized on the assumption of small variations in volume and pressure. Expressions for the transmissibility and the phase angle in the bounce and the pitch mode are derived. Road inputs to the front and the rear axles are assumed to be identical except for a phase difference between them. The effect of the capillary flow coefficient and that of the phase angle between the front and the rear axle excitation are studied. It is shown that an optimum value of the capillary flow coefficient exists which minimizes the transmissibility of motion in both modes over the entire frequency range. It is also observed that a phase angle of 180 degrees presents ideal transmissibility characteristics. Thus, a promising application of air springs for a vehicle suspension is presented.     

Non-linearities in Road Vehicle Dynamics

In the study of lateral vehicle dynamics with the objective to enhance stability and handling qualities, non-linear aspects may have to be included to cover also larger lateral accelerations and amplitudes. The paper treats whole vehicle motions and relative motions of vehicle subsystems. In particular, single car stability, also in the large, is discussed as well as the shimmy phenomenon and the car-trailer instability.     

路面清扫车的发展

从国内清扫车的发展现状着手,给出了国内各主要生产厂家清扫车的主要性能参数;对清扫车的总体构造进行了介绍;并从垃圾尘粒吸送原理和除尘原理2个方面对清扫车的工作原理进行了研究;最后给出了中国路面清扫车的发展方向。     

机动车"报"而不"废"面面观

按照国家有关规定,机动车行驶到一定里程或达到法定年限,必须进行强制报废.然而,报废机动车"报"而不"废"的现象在不同地方不同程度地存在着.这不仅给交通安全带来了巨大隐患,还不利于汽车工业的良性发展,必须予以根治.     

Dynamic Response of a Six-axle Locomotive to Random Track Inputs

Spectral analysis techniques are employed to analyze the dynamic response of a six-axle locomotive on tangent track to vertical and lateral random track irregularities. The locomotive is represented by a thirty-nine (39) degrees of freedom model. A linear model is employed by considering small displacements, linear suspension elements and a linear theory for the wheel-rail interaction. Power spectral densities of displacements, velocities and accelerations and the statistical average frequencies of the system are obtained for each degree of freedom. Comparison of the calculated dominating frequencies with existing experimental values shows good agreement. The technique of spectral analysis is an effective tool for model validation, and for the determination of rail vehicle response to track irregularities. The probability functions for the response can be used as a measure for the ride quality of rail vehicles and for the study of fatigue damage of components.     

Dynamic Response of a Six-axle Locomotive to Random Track Inputs

SUMMARY

Spectral analysis techniques are employed to analyze the dynamic response of a six-axle locomotive on tangent track to vertical and lateral random track irregularities. The locomotive is represented by a thirty-nine (39) degrees of freedom model. A linear model is employed by considering small displacements, linear suspension elements and a linear theory for the wheel-rail interaction. Power spectral densities of displacements, velocities and accelerations and the statistical average frequencies of the system are obtained for each degree of freedom. Comparison of the calculated dominating frequencies with existing experimental values shows good agreement. The technique of spectral analysis is an effective tool for model validation, and for the determination of rail vehicle response to track irregularities. The probability functions for the response can be used as a measure for the ride quality of rail vehicles and for the study of fatigue damage of components.

     

考虑未知输入的主动悬架路面高程与等级识别研究

通过主动悬架的精确控制提高车辆乘坐舒适性与行驶安全性的基本前提是进行路面高程与等级识别.本文中设计了考虑未知输入的卡尔曼观测器,以获取路面高程信息;根据路面高程建立AR模型,得到路面功率谱密度,并求取兴趣频段内路面功率谱密度均方根值,实现了路面的等级分类.仿真分析了不同工况下路面高程估计方法和路面等级分类方法的准确性,...     

汽车道路模拟算法研究

研究了道路模拟算法的两个关键问题：频响函数识别算法和驱动信号迭代算法。识别频响函数时，引入了多点激振试验方法和多输入多输出Hv频响函数识别算法，克服了单点轮流激振试验技术和H1、H2等识别方法的缺点，可以提高识别精度，加快试验进程。为了消除非线性的影响，采用频域迭代的方法逐步修正驱动信号，使系统的响应逼近于期望响应信号。试验表明，利用所研究的算法可以成功地模拟一辆轿车在海南试验场的实际行驶工况，迭代收敛速度和模拟精度可以满足试验要求。证明本文所研究的算法是正确的，实用的。     

公路超载运输的危害及应对措施

论述了公路超载运输的现状及其危害，分析了超载运输难以整治的原因，提出了治理超载运输的对策，并对重载运输条件下的刚性路面设计提出了若干建议。