作用在双圆柱桩上波浪力准确解和有限差分解的比较

The wave force exerted on vertical piles of offshore structures is the main criterion in designing them.In structures with more than one large pile,the influence of piles on each other is one of the most important issues being concerned in past researches.An efficient method for determining the interaction of piles is introduced in present research.First the wave force is calculated by the exact method using the diffraction theory,then in the finite difference numerical method the force is calculated by adding the velocity potentials of each pile and integration of pressure on their surface.The results showed that the ratio of the wave force on each of the double piles to a single pile has a damped oscillation around unity in which the amplitude of oscillation decreases with the increase in the spacing parameter.Also different wave incident directions and diffraction parameters were used and the results showed that the numerical solution has acceptable accuracy when the diffraction parameter is larger than unity.     

并靠两浮体上的波浪漂移力(英文)

An innovative hydrodynamic theory and numerical model were developed to help improve the efficiency, accuracy, and convergence of the numerical prediction of wave drift forces on two side-by-side deepwater floating bodies. The wave drift forces were expressed by the double integration of source strength and the corresponding Green function on the body surface, which is consistent with the far field formula based on momentum conservation and sharing the advantage of near field calculations providing the drift force on each body. Numerical results were validated through comparing the general far field model and pressure integral model, as well as the middle field model developed using the software HydroStar.     

1/4 圆弧面沉箱防波堤设计分项系数研究(英文)

The quarter-circular caisson breakwater (QCB) is a new type of breakwater, and it can be applied in deepwater. The stability of QCB under wave force action can be enhanced, and the rubble mound engineering can be less than that of semi-circular breakwaters in deepwater. In order to study the wave force distribution acting on the QCB, to find wave force formula for this type of breakwater, firstly in this paper, the distribution characteristics of the horizontal force, the downward vertical force and the uplift force on the breakwater were gotten based on physical model wave flume experiments and on the analysis of the wave pressure experimental data. Based on a series of physical model tests acted by irregular waves, a kind of calculation method, which was modified by Goda formula, was proposed to carry out the wave force on the QCB. Secondly, the reliability method with correlated variables was adopted to analyze the QCB, considering the high correlation between wave forces or moments. Utilizing the observed wave data in engineering field, the reliability index and failure probability of QCB were obtained. Finally, a factor Q=0.9 is given to modify the zero pressure height above SWL of QCB, and wave force partial coefficient 1.34 to the design expressions of QCB for anti-sliding, as well as 1.67 for anti-overturning, were presented.     

半无限惯性表面产生的波浪散射问题研究的另一种方法(英文)

A new method to solve the boundary value problem arising in the study of scattering of two-dimensional surface water waves by a discontinuity in the surface boundary conditions is presented in this paper. The discontinuity arises due to the floating of two semi-infinite inertial surfaces of different surface densities. Applying Green’s second identity to the potential functions and appropriate Green’s functions, this problem is reduced to solving two coupled Fredholm integral equations with regular kernels. The solutions to these integral equations are used to determine the reflection and the transmission coefficients. The results for the reflection coefficient are presented graphically and are compared to those obtained earlier using other research methods. It is observed from the graphs that the results computed from the present analysis match exactly with the previous results.     

冰盖下两层流体水波与可渗透起伏海床的作用(英文)

The scattering problem involving water waves by small undulation on the porous ocean-bed in a two-layer fluid,is investigated within the framework of the two-dimensional linear water wave theory where the upper layer is covered by a thin uniform sheet of ice modeled as a thin elastic plate.In such a two-layer fluid there exist waves with two different modes,one with a lower wave number propagate along the ice-cover whilst those with a higher wave number propagate along the interface.An incident wave of a particular wave number gets reflected and transmitted over the bottom undulation into waves of both modes.Perturbation analysis in conjunction with the Fourier transform technique is used to derive the first-order corrections of reflection and transmission coefficients for both the modes due to incident waves of two different modes.One special type of bottom topography is considered as an example to evaluate the related coefficients in detail.These coefficients are depicted in graphical forms to demonstrate the transformation of wave energy between the two modes and also to illustrate the effects of the ice sheet and the porosity of the undulating bed.     

两种直接波浪能转换系统性能的比较:阿基米德波浪摆和波能浮筒(英文)

Many wave energy conversion devices have not been well received. The main reasons are that they are too complicated and not economical. However, in the last two decades direct conversion systems have drawn the attention of researchers to their widely distributed energy source due to their simple structure and low cost. The most well-known direct conversion systems presently in use include the Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) and Power Buoy (PB). In this paper, these two systems were simulated in the same conditions and their behaviors were studied in different wave conditions. In order to verify the simulations, results of the generator of the finite element computations were followed. An attempt was made to determine the merits and drawbacks of each method under different wave conditions by comparing the performance of the two systems. The wave conditions suitable for each system were specified.     

基于边界元方法的二维全非线性数值波浪水槽(英文)

The development of a two dimensional numerical wave tank (NWT) with a rocker or piston type wavemaker based on the high order boundary element method (BEM) and mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) is examined. The cauchy principle value (CPV) integral is calculated by a special Gauss type quadrature and a change of variable. In addition the explicit truncated Taylor expansion formula is employed in the time-stepping process. A modified double nodes method is assumed to tackle the corner problem, as well as the damping zone technique is used to absorb the propagation of the free surface wave at the end of the tank. A variety of waves are generated by the NWT, for example; a monochromatic wave, solitary wave and irregular wave. The results confirm the NWT model is efficient and stable.     

经过海峡的双层流体由底部波动产生的斜向波散射问题研究(英文)

The problem of oblique wave(internal wave) propagation over a small deformation in a channel flow consisting of two layers was considered.The upper fluid was assumed to be bounded above by a rigid lid,which is an approximation for the free surface,and the lower one was bounded below by an impermeable bottom surface having a small deformation;the channel was unbounded in the horizontal directions.Assuming irrotational motion,the perturbation technique was employed to calculate the first-order corrections of the velocity potential in the two fluids by using Green’s integral theorem suitably with the introduction of appropriate Green’s functions.Those functions help in calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function representing the bottom deformation.Three-dimensional linear water wave theory was utilized for formulating the relevant boundary value problem.Two special examples of bottom deformation were considered to validate the results.Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples(having the same wave number) shows that the reflection coefficient is an oscillatory function of the ratio of twice the x-component of the wave number to the ripple wave number.When this ratio approaches one,the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and the interface,and the reflection coefficient becomes a multiple of the number of ripples.High reflection of incident wave energy occurs if this number is large.Similar results were observed for a patch of sinusoidal ripples having different wave numbers.It was also observed that for small angles of incidence,the reflected energy is greater compared to other angles of incidence up to.These theoretical observations are supported by graphical results.     

AFM试样复合加载下的计算断裂分析(英文)

Fracture processes in ship-building structures are in many cases of a 3-D character.A finite element (FE) model of an all fracture mode (AFM) specimen was built for the study of 3-D mixed mode crack fracture behavior including modes I,II,and III.The stress intensity factors (SIFs) were calculated by the modified virtual crack closure integral (MVCCI) method,and the crack initiation angle assessment was based on a recently developed 3-D fracture criterion––the Richard criterion.It was shown that the FE model of the AFM-specimen is applicable for investigations under general mixed mode loading conditions,and the computational results of crack initiation angles are in agreement with some available experimental findings.Thus,the applicability of the FE model of the AFM-specimen for mixed mode loading conditions and the validity of the Richard criterion can be demonstrated.     

等效波的散货船舱口角疲劳评估应力组合方法(英文)

The stress combination method for the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier was investigated based on equivalent waves.The principles of the equivalent waves of ship structures were given,including the determination of the dominant load parameter,heading,frequency,and amplitude of the equivalent regular waves.The dominant load parameters of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier were identified by the structural stress response analysis,and then a series of equivalent regular waves were defined based on these parameters.A combination method of the structural stress ranges under the different equivalent waves was developed for the fatigue analysis.The combination factors were obtained by least square regression analysis with the stress ranges derived from spectral fatigue analysis as the target value.The proposed method was applied to the hatch corner of another bulk carrier as an example.This shows that the results from the equivalent wave approach agree well with those from the spectral fatigue analysis.The workload is reduced substantially.This method can be referenced in the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier.     

Second-order hydrodynamic effects on an arrangement of two concentric truncated vertical cylinders

The second-order diffraction problem by a piston-like arrangement that consists of two concentric surface piercing cylinders is considered. The developed matched axisymmetric eigenfunction expansion solution methodology in cylindrical co-ordinates is based on the semi-analytical formulation of the velocity potentials in the various fluid regions which are defined by the geometry of the two-body arrangement. The main difficulty associated with the specific configuration originates from the fact that the geometry defines two fluid regions that extend up to the free surface in which the inhomogeneous second-order free surface boundary condition has to be fulfilled. To this end the associated velocity potentials in these regions are decomposed into a number of components defining the so-called ‘free’ and ‘locked’ waves. The latter are calculated by solving the resulting Sturm–Liouville problems. The seek second-order velocity potential in the whole fluid domain is then derived by enforcing matching conditions for the radial velocities and the fluid pressures at the cylindrical boundaries of adjacent fluid domains. Numerical results concerning the second-order hydrodynamic loading and the wave run-up on the cylinders are given, whereas special attention is given at incident wave frequency regions where the first-order exciting wave forces attain maximum values due to the resonant fluid motions in the moonpool.     

Wave analysis of porous geometry with linear resistance law

The wave diffraction-radiation problem of a porous geometry of arbitrary shape located in the free surface of a fluid is formulated by a set of integral equations, assuming a linear resistance law at the geometry. The linear forces, the energy relation and the mean horizontal drift force are evaluated for non-porous and porous geometries. A geometry of large porosity has an almost vanishing added mass. The exciting forces are a factor of 5–20 smaller compared to a solid geometry. In the long wave regime, the porous geometry significantly enhances both the damping and the mean drift force, where the latter grows linearly with the wavenumber. The calculated mean drift force on a porous hemisphere and a vertical truncated cylinder, relevant to the construction of fish cages, is compared to available published results.     

双体船波浪载荷及强度计算分析

双体船在横浪与斜浪中会遭受比较严重的横向弯矩和扭转力矩作用,此时双体船的强度对其安全性至关重要。本文采用波浪直接计算方法对本船在航行海区进行波浪载荷长期预报,得到各强度工况计算设计波。采用直接计算方法对双体船进行了总纵强度、横向强度和扭转强度的整船有限元分析,对计算结果分析该船在各工况下的应力分布,结果表明该船结构强度满足要求,但高盈利区域出现在抗扭箱与片体连接处,针对该危险区域提出修改方案,为其他类似船舶设计提出参考意见。     

半潜平台波浪载荷不确定性及结构疲劳可靠性研究

在海洋平台结构疲劳强度分析的不确定因素中波浪载荷的不确定性对其影响较大,为了评估疲劳载荷计算过程中波浪载荷的不确定性文章建立了海浪谱型、波高、波浪载荷传递函数、平均跨零周期、海况发生概率和浪向等引起的波浪载荷不确定性的评估方法和公式.同时为了评估波浪载荷传递函数的不确定性进行了波浪载荷模型试验.重点对西北太平洋和中国南海的海况进行了分析计算,定量统计回归出西北太平洋的有义波高和平均跨零周期修正公式,以及中国南海不同季节海况和浪向分布规律对半潜平台波浪载荷和疲劳寿命的影响因子.最后根据波浪载荷不确定性以及结构疲劳分析中的其他不确定因素计算分析了半潜平台典型结构的疲劳可靠度.     

爆炸冲击载荷下高压气瓶及其管道系统抗冲性能优化方法研究

本文研究水下非接触爆炸冲击载荷下高压气瓶及其管道系统冲击响应动力学建模、计算方法及减振系统优化设计方法。首先通过缩聚梁建模方法建立了某高压气瓶及其管道系统动力学计算模型,使用动态设计分析方法分析该系统承受冲击载荷时的动响应特性。为实现高压气瓶及其管道系统优化设计,基于ISIGHT软件搭建优化平台,通过二次序列规划等优化算法,对高压气瓶及其管道系统多个隔振器刚度进行组合优化设计,提高了高压气瓶及其管道减震系统的缓冲抗冲隔振能力。     

波浪对二层海水中的直立圆弧形透空防波堤的绕射

基于二层海水的微幅波绕射理论,应用特征函数展开法,推导了在二层海水中波浪对直立圆弧形透空防波堤绕射的波势解析解,并据此分别计算了作用于防波堤的表面波与内波载荷以及最大波面分布。计算结果表明:在防波堤结构表面适度布孔既可以明显减小所受到的表面波与内波载荷,又可改变绕射水波的最大波面分布。而表面波与内波各自作用于防波堤上的无量纲最大波浪载荷可能具有相同量级,说明内波作用不可忽视。海况与波浪条件以及防波堤几何条件等因素的相对变化对波浪的绕射均有一定影响,而表面波与内波在波浪作用的变化规律上存在一定差异。     

不同开孔率混凝土护面板上波浪打击力试验研究

波浪荷载是斜坡堤上混凝土护面板防浪特性的主要研究内容之一。通过物理模型试验,采用不规则波浪作用,对透水斜坡上不同开孔率混凝土面板受到的波浪打击力进行研究,分析了打击力1%值和1/3值随各影响因素的变化特性,提出了包含开孔率影响的单坡上波浪最大打击力计算方法,给出了波浪打击力的统计分布规律。     

波浪作用下开孔混凝土护面板浮托力研究

在混凝土护面板上开孔可增大护面层的渗透系数、减小浮托力、增强整体稳定性。通过不规则波系列试验,研究了波坦、坡度、伊里巴伦数、开孔率对混凝土护面板相对净浮托力大小的影响,分析了相对净浮托力的作用深度、分布情况。对于不开孔混凝土板,相对净浮托力随波高和波长的增大都有减小的趋势;对于开孔的混凝土板,相对净浮托力随开孔率的增大线性减小。在此研究基础上给出了最大相对净浮托力计算公式,并与前人公式进行了比较。     

基于ISIGHT圆柱绕流的换热强化与减阻优化设计

圆柱绕流在工程应用中十分普遍,大到海洋结构物,小到微型换热器均有其身影,其中控制圆柱的排布对主圆柱的最终性能有着举足轻重的影响。为研究圆柱绕流系统的换热强度及减阻性能,本文利用ISIGHT优化平台强大的集成能力,实现利用ISIGHT驱动Gambit,Fluent软件并寻求最优参数组合的设计流程。研究发现,在Re=200时,与单圆柱系统相比,通过合理布置控制圆柱的方位参数(间隙率L/D=2,夹角degree=30°时),在提高换热性能的同时,还能减小圆柱阻力的优良结构。全程采用参数化设计,自动化寻优,提高了设计效率,为圆柱绕流提供了一个新的优化思路。