桥梁施工中的振动控制

大跨度桥梁施工阶段,由于其未完成体系的特殊性,在风及施工荷载等作用下易产生振动,从而影响施工安全和工程质量.通过国外的一些典型工程实例,介绍了施工中振动控制的一系列措施.     

轻型货车横向振动分析与控制

采用有限元方法与实验模态分析技术，分析了轻型货车驾驶室和车架的横向耦合振动，通过对车架有限元模型进行动力优化分析，介绍了轻型货车横向振动的控制方法。     

铁路上承式钢板梁桥横向振动抑制方案研究

通过对目前抑制铁路上承式钢板梁桥横向振动的几种方案进行定性的分析和比较，认为：静力加固方案可以使桥梁振幅有所减小，但不能避免准共振现象的发生，而且工程造价较高，施工也不方便；两桥连接方案减振效果明显（减振率近５０％），比较经济也比较方便，但同样不能避免准共振现象的发生；动力减振方案（ＭＴＭＤ抑振方案）可以有效的抑制桥梁的准共振现象（现场试验中减振率达５１．８３％），而且工程造价较低，施工简单、方便     

在役桥梁结构横向连接状态的评价方法研究

以某公路桥梁的检测及状态评估为背景，结合桥梁的荷载试验，介绍了在役桥梁横向连接状态的评价方法，提出了基于挠度测试与理论横向分布系数对比的桥梁横向连接的评判方法，并对其评定过程进行了分析。     

曲线桥梁弯扭耦合减震半主动控制分析

理论研究与震害经验表明,地震时曲线桥梁会产生弯扭耦合振动。为了减少弯扭耦合的地震反应,提出了利用压电摩擦阻尼器进行曲线桥梁地震反应半主动控制的方法,建立曲线桥梁空间有限元模型,在桥台支座部位设置半主动控制阻尼器,在不同地震波入射角情况下分析了半主动控制算法的减震效果。结果表明,半主动控制界限Hrovat最优控制算法能有效地减小曲线桥梁地震反应,其控制效果优于简单Bang-bang控制算法,而始终提供最大阻尼力的被动控制方法会增大桥梁地震反应,并不是被动控制阻尼力越大越好。     

基于轴距预瞄的半主动悬架模糊神经网络控制

应用模糊控制和神经网络控制理论,构建了1/2车辆的半主动悬架模型,设计了基于轴距预瞄的半主动悬架模糊神经网络控制系统.对前轮半主动悬架采用以对应处车身垂向加速度为目标的模糊控制,对后轮半主动悬架采用轴距预瞄模糊控制,并利用神经网络来调整模糊控制器的控制规则和隶属度函数.在不同车速下对所建的控制系统分别进行了白噪声和路面脉冲输入的仿真.结果表明,与传统的被动系统相比,轴距预瞄模糊神经网络控制的半主动悬架系统能有效降低车辆振动;与模糊控制的半主动悬架系统相比,质心垂向加速度和后轮对应处车身加速度均有显著减小,较好地改善了车辆的行驶平顺性.     

汽车半主动悬架的神经网络自适应控制

本文提出了用两个线性神经网络对汽车半主动悬架系统进行在线辨识和控制的策略，介绍了该控制系统中神经网络的在线训练方法，进行了仿真计算和结果分析。     

基于神经网络的半主动悬架自适应模糊控制

提出了基于神经网络的自适应模糊控制策略。模糊控制主要用来对付系统的非线性；神经网络根据振动响应的方差递推结果来辨识车体的振动情况实时调节模糊控制器的量化因子，使模糊控制器对路面的变化具有自适应的能力。在半主动悬挂1／4车非线性模型的基础上进行了仿真研究。     

桥梁施工中的振动控制

大跨度桥梁施工阶段，由于其未完成体系的特殊性，在风及施工荷载等作用下易产生振动，从而影响施工安全和工程质量，通过国外的一些典型工程实例，介绍了施工中振动控制的一系列措施。     

桥梁结构耐久性设计方法研究

分析了目前桥梁结构耐久性研究中存在的问题。在比较了各国几种主要耐久性设计理论和方法的基础上,提出了一种新的耐久性设计思路和方法,即利用耐久度来衡量结构保持耐久性的能力,通过计算耐久性指标来评判某一时刻结构耐久性能否满足设计要求。该方法强调了多种因素共同作用、结构体系和构件荷载类别以及桥梁寿命周期经济性对耐久性设计的影响,具有概念明确、形式简单、便于应用等特点。     

桥梁结构减震设计方法研究

提出了公路桥梁结构抗震中分级设防的思想和设计准则；介绍了与分级设防标准对应的破坏准则、桥梁结构减震设计方法、计算分析程度以及减震装置的试验研究，为公路桥梁抗震设计规范的修订提供了重要的参考依据。     

Hunting stability analysis of high-speed train bogie under the frame lateral vibration active control

In this paper, we study a multi-objective optimal design of three different frame vibration control configurations and compare their performances in improving the lateral stability of a high-speed train bogie. The existence of the time-delay in the control system and its impact on the bogie hunting stability are also investigated. The continuous time approximation method is used to approximate the time-delay system dynamics and then the root locus curves of the system before and after applying control are depicted. The analysis results show that the three control cases could improve the bogie hunting stability effectively. But the root locus of low- frequency hunting mode of bogie which determinates the system critical speed is different, thus affecting the system stability with the increasing of speed. Based on the stability analysis at different bogie dynamics parameters, the robustness of the control case (1) is the strongest. However, the case (2) is more suitable for the dynamic performance requirements of bogie. For the case (1), the time-delay over 10?ms may lead to instability of the control system which will affect the bogie hunting stability seriously. For the case (2) and (3), the increasing time-delay reduces the hunting stability gradually over the high-speed range. At a certain speed, such as 200?km/h, an appropriate time-delay is favourable to the bogie hunting stability. The mechanism is proposed according to the root locus analysis of time-delay system. At last, the nonlinear bifurcation characteristics of the bogie control system are studied by the numerical integration methods to verify the effects of these active control configurations and the delay on the bogie hunting stability.     

Semi-active control of tracked vehicle suspension incorporating magnetorheological dampers

In past years, the application of magnetorheological (MR) and electrorheological dampers in vehicle suspension has been widely studied, mainly for the purpose of vibration control. This paper presents theoretical study to identify an appropriate semi-active control method for MR-tracked vehicle suspension. Three representative control algorithms are simulated including the skyhook, hybrid and fuzzy-hybrid controllers. A seven degrees-of-freedom tracked vehicle suspension model incorporating MR dampers has been adopted for comparison between the performance of the three controllers. The model differential equations are derived based on Newton's second law of motion and the proposed control methods are developed. The performance of each control method under bump and sinusoidal road profiles for different vehicle speeds is simulated and compared with the performance of the conventional suspension system in time and frequency domains. The results show that the performance of tracked vehicle suspension with MR dampers is substantially improved. Moreover, the fuzzy-hybrid controller offers an excellent integrated performance in reducing the body accelerations as well as wheel bounce responses compared with the classical skyhook and hybrid controllers.     

Stochastic vibration of the vehicle–bridge system subject to non-uniform ground motions

A study of a train moving along a cable-stayed bridge is performed by considering both the stationary track irregularity and a non-stationary earthquake. A detailed bridge model with 3972 degrees of freedom is established while the train model consists of two locomotives and eight carriages. The equations of motion of the coupled system are obtained by using the displacement continuous condition at the contact, with track irregularities. The earthquake is assumed to occur once the train has entered the bridge. The pseudo-excitation method is used to find the random responses of the coupled system, and the results indicate that the effect of the earthquake is much greater than that of the track irregularities. The paper discusses the influence of the intensity of the earthquake, the wave propagation velocity, the speed of the train, and the dynamic interaction between the vehicles and the bridge.     

辅助索制振效果的有限元分析

建立了分析在斜拉桥中采用辅助索制振效果的有限元程序，以某大跨度斜拉桥模型为例，对辅助索的水平及弧形两种布置方案，考察了辅助索的阻尼、张力等因素对面外，面内制振效果的影响。分析表明，面外振动不易得到控制；对面内振动，增加辅助索的阻尼可提高制振效果，而辅助索的内力对制振效果影响不大；采用辅助索后，主索的张力变化不大。对比表明，弧形布置方案估于水平布置方案。本文的结论与现有的观测及实验结果相一致。利用所     

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiment for semi-active vibration control of lateral vibrations of railway vehicle by magneto-rheological fluid damper

The active lateral suspension (ALS) of a train consists of either active or semi-active technologies. However, such an active system on a real railway vehicle is not easy to test because of cost and time. In this study, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) system is developed to test the ALS. To this end, the dynamic model of a railway vehicle is equipped with the actuator, two bogies and four-wheel sets, and the ALS is used. The proposed HILS system consists of an alternating current servo motor connected to a ball-screw mechanism and a digital control system. The digital control system implements the dynamic model and the control algorithm. The design and manufacture of the HILS system are explained in detail. Both the passive damper and the magneto-rheological (MR) fluid damper are tested using the HILS system, where the sky-hook control algorithm was applied for the MR fluid damper. Experimental results show that the proposed HILS system can be effectively used for the performance estimation of the ALS.     

A yaw-moment control method based on a vehicle's lateral jerk information

Previously, a new control concept called ‘G-vectoring control (GVC)’ to improve vehicle agility and stability was developed. GVC is an automatic longitudinal acceleration control method that responds to vehicle lateral jerk caused by the driver's steering manoeuvres. In this paper, a new yaw-moment control method, which generates a stabilising moment during the GVC command and has positive acceleration value and the driver's accelerator pedal input is zero, was proposed. A new hybrid control, which comprises GVC, electric stability control and this new control, was constructed, and it was installed in a test vehicle and tested on a snowy surface. The very high potential for improvement in both agility and stability was confirmed.     

独塔斜拉桥的自振特性分析

独塔斜拉桥是由塔、梁、墩和索构成的一种组合体系桥梁,结构形式较为复杂。文章以广西南宁白沙大桥为工程背景建立了基于ANSYS的三维有限元分析模型,对其自振特性进行理论分析,并将计算结果与环境随机振动法的测试结果进行比较,说明所采用的有限元模型能够较好地模拟桥梁结构的实际状况,同时也说明大桥在运营状态下的动力特性符合要求。