DETERMINATIONSOFREFRIGERANTCHARGEOFAREFRIGERATORWHENREFRIGERANTISREPLACEDBYR134aORR152a

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Experimental study of the airside performance for interrupted fin-and-tube heat exchanger with hydrophilic coating under dehumidifying conditions

The airside heat transfer and friction characteristics of seven interrupted fin-and-tube heat exchangers with hydrophilic coating under dehumidifying conditions are experimented. The effects of number of tube rows, fin pitch and inlet relative humidity on airside performance are analyzed. The test results show that the influence of fin pitch on the friction characteristic under dehumidifying conditions is similar to that under dry surface, and the friction factors decrease slightly with the increase of number of tube rows. The heat transfer performance decreases as fin pitch and number of tube rows increases. The heat transfer performance and the friction characteristic are independent of inlet relative humidity. Based on the test results, heat transfer and friction correlations in terms of the Colburn j factor and Fanning f factor, are proposed to describe the airside performance of the interrupted fin geometry with hydrophilic coating under dehumidifying conditions. The correlation of the Colburn j factor gives a mean deviation of 9.7%, while the correlation of the Fanning f factor shows a mean deviation of 7.3%.     

桥梁断面静力三分力系数的人工神经网络识别

通过风洞模型试验得到了足够的样本，在此基础上利用MATLAB神经网络工具箱构造了2个BP人工神经网络；采用BR(Bayesian regularization)算法，比较了不同坐标系下的静力三分力系数的训练结果，得出4层网络比较有效且具有较高精度的结论．最后，提出了应用人工神经网络需要注意的问题。     

Two Phase Pressure Drop Performance of Refrigerant in a Small Horizontal Smooth Tube with 2.5 mm inside Diameter

Two-phase flow pressure drop measurements were made during the phase change heat transfer process of R22 in a small horizontal smooth tube with 2.5 mm inside diameter. Conclusions can be drawn that the quality corresponding to the pressure gradient peak value of small tubes became higher than that of large tubes. The effect of quality to pressure drop becomes weak as the mass flux increases. The experiment data were compared with the predicated values of the state-of-the-art correlations from the open literature. The comparisons between the data and the predictions indicate that most of the state-of-the-art correlations fails to predict the experimental data.Chisholm model shows a relatively better predictive ability than the other empirical correlations although it has a mean deviation of 26.7%. But the predicated values of Chisholm model are lower by 50% than the experimental data when the quality becomes larger.     

Convective Boiling of Near-Azeotropic Refrigerant R410A in the Horizontal Micro-fin Tube

Using near-azeotropic refrigerant R410A as the working fluid, the experimental studies on the horizontal micro-fin tubes were conducted. Several factors affecting heat transfer coefficients were analyzed, and the characteristics of flow boiling of the refrigerant in the horizontal micro-fin tubes were discussed. The local heat transfer coefficients increase with mass flux, heat flux and quality. And the heat transfer enhancement factor of those testing tubes is about 1.6 to 2.2.     

Design and Combustion Characteristic Analysis of Free Piston Stirling Engine External Combustion System

The free piston Stirling engine external combustion system was simulated to investigate the diesel-air combustion characteristics in order to demonstrate its feasibility by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The different effects on combustion were distinguished by analyzing the combustion burner, the injection position of diesel oil, the front tube arrangement of Stirling heater head and the back fin. The results show that the tilted front tube arrangement of the heater head with the back fin is the best practicable technology while the distance between the diesel nozzle position and the swirler top is 0. Its total heat flux is 15.6 kW, and the average heat transfer coefficients of the front and back tubes are 127W/(m² · K) and 192W/(m² · K), respectively. The heat transfer is mainly through convection, and the proportion of radiative heat transfer is only 16.9%. The best combustion efficiency of the free piston Stirling engine external combustion system is 86%.     

改性沥青中SBS剂量检测方法(英文)

对3种基质沥青在不同SBS剂量下的性能指标进行了测试,运用灰色关联分析法,以SBS剂量作为参考数列,以改性沥青的性能指标针入度、软化点、延度、弹性恢复、135℃运动粘度作为比较数列,计算了SBS剂量与主要性能指标的关联度,并对关联度进行排序。通过对关联度系数进行归一化处理,计算得到各项性能指标所占的权重,建立了SBS剂量与常规性能指标的关系式,提出了基于多指标的SBS剂量检测方法,并采用已知SBS剂量的样品组对方法进行了验证。分析结果表明:与SBS剂量关联度显著的主要性能指标分别为软化点、弹性恢复、135℃运动粘度;对3种改性沥青采用该方法确定的SBS剂量绝对偏差均在0.15%以内,可见,检测方法可靠。     

公铁复合城际走廊多模式客流分担特征

选取了陕西省内距中心城市西安350 km范围内的咸阳、渭南、黄陵、延安4个节点城市, 搜集了相关公铁复合城际走廊上高速铁路、普通铁路、长途客车、小汽车高速出行的出行量、车内时间、票价或通行费等客流特征参数, 梳理了各种城际客流分担分析方法; 构建了距离转移曲线模型和多元Logit模型, 通过曲线拟合、试算和回归分析对模型进行了标定, 并根据模型标定结果分析了客流分担率对距离、时间和费用的敏感性, 得到区域城际多模式客流分担特征, 给出城际通道规划管理的相关建议。研究结果表明: 高速铁路、普通铁路和小汽车高速出行3种模式的分担率-距离转移曲线拟合结果理想, 决定系数均在0.94以上; MNL模型在车外时间取90~150 min时, 拟合效果较好, 决定系数均在0.79以上, 且在时间价值取50~70元·h-1情景下决定系数达到峰值; 随着城际出行距离的增加, 出行者选择从小汽车高速出行转移到城际铁路出行, 且高速铁路较普通铁路更有优势, 西安与近距离的咸阳之间小汽车高速分担率达96.91%, 与远距离的延安之间高速铁路分担率达53.66%, 普通铁路分担率达30.58%;以车外时间为120 min为例, 高速铁路、普通铁路、长途客车、小汽车4种出行模式的阻抗系数分别为0.029~0.044、0.034~0.042、0.030~0.040、0.028~0.048, 小汽车高速出行和高速铁路增长幅度较大, 2种出行对费用更加敏感, 在时间价值取60元·h-1条件下, 4种出行模式的阻抗系数为0.038~0.042, 4种出行对广义时间敏感性无明显差异; 建议进一步挖掘更多城市群城际通道客流分担规律, 并精确考虑城际出行链的城市端细节, 以更好地指导城际走廊的宏观规划与管理。      

不同计算方法所得扁管直翅换热器翅片肋效率的比较

采用数值计算方法对翅片管管片式换热器的肋效率进行了计算和分析,研究扁管肋片厚度、导热系数等因素对肋效率的影响,得出翅片管管片在局部换热系数和平均换热系数下,肋效率的对比分析.     

POLYNOMIAL CURVE FITTING METHOD FOR REFRIGERANT THERMODYNAMIC SATURATION PROPERTIES

Ｎｏｍｅｎｃｌａｔｕｒｅａ—ｅｍｐｉｒｉｃａｌｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｓｐ—ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ，１００ｋＰａＴ—ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ，Ｋｅ—ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｒｙｖａｒｉａｂｌｅ，ｏｒｍａｘｉｍｕｍｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｂｉａｓｈ—ｅｎｔｈａｌｐｙ，１０ｋＪ／ｋｇｉ—ｔｈｅｉｔｈｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｏｆｆｉｔｔｉｎｇｒａｎｇｅｓ—ｅｎｔｒｏｐｙ，ｋＪ／（ｋｇ·Ｋ）ｕ，ｖ—ｖａｒｉａｂｌｅｓｉｎＥｑ．（１）ｘ，ｙ—ｖａｒｉａｂｌｅｓｗｈｉｃｈｓｔａｎｄｆｏｒａｎｙｓａｔｕｒａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｒｅｆｒ…     

Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of NH_3-H_2O Falling Film Absorption on Inner Tube Surface with Low Solution Flow Rates

NH_3-H_2O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances.The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature(concentration) difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH_3-H_2O absorption process.The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process,which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber.     

船用空心电抗器温度场研究

建立了空心电抗器磁场-电路-流场-温度场的耦合计算模型。通过该模型可以计算得到磁场、电感和电流以及空心电抗器的气流场和温度场分布。以一种空心电抗器为例,将温度计算值与实测值作了比较。结果表明,该方法具有较高的计算准确度,能够满足工程设计的要求。     

高速机车制动温升对轴盘配合的影响

利用ANSYS建立了高速机车轴盘制动装置热量传递模型,计算了接触面热阻、间隙导热系数和表面传热系数,研究了其温度场分布特性,分析了制动生热对轴盘制动装置过盈配合的影响。计算结果表明:合理的制动盘和盘毂间隙能增大热阻,减小温度对过盈配合的影响,在结构允许范围内,建议合理的设计单边间隙为0.5~1.5mm;制动结束时刻,选择合理的盘毂厚度可使过盈面平均接触压力减小5.9%~6.6%,以降低温度对过盈配合的影响,建议盘毂合理厚度为8mm。     

湍流积分尺度对高层建筑风荷载影响的大涡模拟

为研究湍流积分尺度对高层建筑风荷载大小和分布的影响,研究其合理取值,基于大涡模拟开展了B类地貌不同湍流积分尺度下CAARC（commonwealth advisory aeronautical research council）标准高层建筑模型绕流模拟,并将模拟结果与风洞试验进行了比较.研究结果表明:大涡模拟能较好地反映高层建筑周围风场绕流特性和表面风压分布.随着湍流积分尺度的增大,平均运动的变形率向湍流脉动输入能量,以致平均风速降低、湍流强度增大;侧面风压脉动性降低15%、分离流附着提前出现;基底扭矩谱和弯矩谱的峰值及高频段幅值均减小;层斯托罗哈数在0.4倍建筑高度以下基本相同,随高度的增加其值下降20%~30%;层平均阻力系数下降5%~10%;迎风面风压系数平均值下降2%~5%,侧面和背面下降12%~17%.湍流积分尺度对迎风面和侧面上风向的风压水平相关性、层升力和0.8倍建筑高度以下的层阻力相关性的影响可以忽略.随湍流积分尺度的增大,风压水平相关系数增大,背风面增大5%~10%,侧面下风向增大15%~25%,0.8倍建筑高度以上层阻力相关性系数增大25%~50%.B类地貌湍流积分尺度的调整系数为0.4时,计算得到的风荷载与试验结果趋于一致.      

Coupled heat and mass transfer analysis of NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O falling film absorption on inner tube surface with low solution flow rates

NH₃-H₂O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances.The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature（concentration） difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH₃-H₂O absorption process.The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process,which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber.     

驻点热流测量试验技术研究

为了提高超声速脉冲风洞中球头驻点热流测量精度,对1 mm小型化同轴热电偶研制及薄膜热流传感器的耐冲刷性能进行研究.应用热传导反问题的计算分析方法,建立了分别针对薄膜热流传感器和同轴热电偶的数据处理方法.在2 m激波风洞上利用研制的5种不同类型及尺寸的传感器进行了球头驻点热流测量试验,将试验结果与F-R公式计算结果进行比较,并分析了传感器外形尺寸、热壁、传感器敏感元件、同轴热电偶膜厚等对试验结果的影响.结果表明:研制的小型化同轴热电偶响应时间满足测试要求;薄铂膜热流传感器重复性误差在8%以内.      

Multi-band Image Registration Method Based on Fourier Transform

This paper presented a registration method based on Fourier transform for multi-band images which is involved in translation and small rotation. Although different band images differ a lot in the intensity and features,they contain certain common information which we can exploit. A model was given that the multi-band images have linear correlations under the least-square sense. It is proved that the coefficients have no effect on the registration progress if two images have linear correlations. Finally, the steps of the registration method were proposed. The experiments show that the model is reasonable and the results are satisfying.     

RBF神经网络预测水泥水化热研究

利用RBF神经网络对水泥水化热进行预测,根据水泥水化热的影响因素,建立了12个输入节点、1个输出节点的RBF神经网络模型.通过27组试验数据,验证了模型的可靠性,并与BP神经网络进行了比较.结果表明,RBF神经网络预测效果明显优于BP神经网络,前者不仅预测速度快,而且预测精度高,相对误差小于4%,在水泥水化热预测中具有...     

城市轨道交通网络可靠性和运输服务质量评估

为评估区间通过能力下降对城市轨道交通网络可靠性和运输服务质量的影响，首先，以区间通过能力下降前后乘客的相对广义出行费用确定乘客的出行是否可靠，并以出行可靠的乘客占比评估网络的可靠性；其次，以乘客的平均广义出行费用评估网络的运输服务质量，采用基于改进Logit模型的随机用户均衡配流模型计算乘客的广义出行费用，并通过MSWA （method of successive weighted averages）算法求解该模型；然后，通过区间影响的乘客占比、区间介数分别识别网络的重要区间；最后，以武汉地铁为例分析重要区间通过能力下降后的网络可靠性和运输服务质量. 仿真结果表明:受区间影响的乘客占比识别的重要区间对城市轨道交通网络的可靠性和运输服务质量产生重要影响；重要区间多与换乘站直接相连，并且各重要区间能影响网络中12.24%～13.96%的乘客；为保证武汉地铁网络可靠性高于0.95，网络最多能容忍区间介数识别的3个重要区间的能力下降20%，或区间影响的乘客占比识别的1个重要区间的能力下降20%；随着下降区间数目和下降比例的升高，网络的可靠性持续下降，但网络的运输服务质量下降的情况会有所减弱.