弹塑性裂纹前端部分加强板的止裂效果分析

通过建立Dugdale模型,对裂纹前端部分加强的含裂纹板弹塑性情况下的韧性断裂问题进行了研究.实例计算并分析了加强板条的位置、相对刚度等参数对结构断裂参数的影响,亦对加强板条的止裂作用进行了分析.计算结果表明,裂纹前端布置加强板条能有效地降低裂纹尖端的开口位移,阻止裂纹的扩展,其止裂作用受加强板条的位置、结构参数及加强板条与含裂纹板的材料参数等诸多因素的影响.     

加筋板结构止裂数值计算与实验研究

对含裂纹加筋板结构的裂纹稳态扩展进行了数值模拟及实验研究.采用有限元模型计算了裂尖强度因子,模拟了裂纹在板面内的扩展,同时针对几种加筋结构形式,进行了扩展裂纹止裂的实验研究.     

船用高锰奥氏体钢临界CTOD仿真计算

裂尖张开位移（CTOD）是一个评价高韧性钢断裂韧度的重要指标，研究其仿真计算方法，有助于提升高锰奥氏体低温钢在船舶行业应用的安全性。通过三点弯曲试验得到高锰奥氏体低温钢的临界裂纹尖端张开位移及对应的最大裂纹张开位移，采用一种基于蛛网状网格的有限元方法对裂尖张开位移进行计算，并研究了网格参数对裂尖张开位移仿真结果的影响。通过仿真与试验结果的对比，验证了裂尖张开位移计算方法的准确性，从而为采用有限元方法计算船用高锰奥氏体低温钢的裂尖张开位移提供参考。     

裂纹前端局部加强板的韧性断裂分析

对局部加强含裂纹板的弹塑性断裂问题进行了分析计算.建立了裂纹前端局部加强的裂纹板弹塑性分析的Dug-dale模型,以裂纹尖端开口位移CTOD为断裂参数,就加强复板位置、结构参数及加强复板与裂纹板材料参数等因素对结构止裂性能的影响进行了分析计算.结果表明,在裂纹前端进行局部加强使裂纹尖端的塑性区长度减小,且降低了裂纹尖端的开口位移CTOD,能有效地阻止裂纹扩展.提高加强复板相对刚度有利于改善裂纹尖端状态,提高结构的承载能力.     

接触爆炸作用下舰船箱型梁结构的止裂效应仿真分析

为研究箱型梁在舰船结构抗爆中的止裂效应,首先通过模型试验分析不同加筋对板架破口大小和裂纹扩展的影响,然后在此基础上,利用商用有限元程序MSC/Dytran对舰船箱型梁结构的抗爆止裂效果进行仿真分析。结果表明,在接触爆炸下,板架的强力构件(如特大筋)对破口大小和裂纹扩展能起到很好的限制作用;通过将模型数值计算与试验结果进行比较,验证了应用程序和计算模型参数的稳定性与可靠性;箱型梁在舰船结构抗爆中能起到很好的止裂效果,这是由于一方面箱型梁的存在对甲板边板和舷侧顶板以及两者之间的连接进行了加强,减小了甲板和舷侧外板连接处的应力,另一方面,作为舰船整体结构的强力构件,箱型梁本身就能有效阻止破口及其裂纹的扩展,从而大大降低舰船结构整体的毁伤程度。     

超大型集装箱船用止裂钢现状

针对大型集装箱船易发生断裂事故的问题,研究集装箱船用钢材止裂钢的产生、发展以及止裂性能原理,解读国际船级社协会针对船用高强钢安全应用标准提出的统一要求UR S33,分析国内外各大钢厂对止裂钢的开发研究现状。从船厂实际止裂钢的应用入手,分析止裂钢的焊接工艺评定试验要求,总结现阶段国内钢厂止裂钢的研发状态和国内船厂止裂钢应用中的不足。     

船用高强度钢结构低温环境下焊接冷裂纹的防止

针对船用高强度钢的焊接冶金特点和低温环境对出现焊接冷裂纹的影响进行了分析，从而提出了在低温环境下焊接时预防出现冷裂纹的工艺措施。     

超大型集装箱船舷侧结构焊接变形仿真与预测

<正>近年来,随着船舶大型化的发展趋势,集装箱船舶的建造规模越来越大,针对大型集装箱船结构安全问题,国际船级社协会(IACS)成立专项工作组,针对船用高强度特厚钢板制定了一系列的统一要求,提出超大型集装箱船在设计和建造过程中应对舱口围、甲板结构的脆性裂纹止裂性能进行校核和确认。     

含裂纹损伤部分加筋板应力强度因子分析

基于复应力函数的解法,对含裂纹部分加筋板在拉伸载荷作用下的应力强度因子进行了分析计算.考虑了部分筋条的长度、位置以及筋条与板的相对刚度对加筋板裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响,并基于这些结果对结构的止裂性能进行了分析.计算结果表明对于给定的裂纹长度,随着筋条长度的增加,筋条对裂纹板的加强作用普遍提高,当筋条的长度增加到一定程度时,继续增加筋条长度对应力强度因子影响不大;提高筋条对板的相对刚度,能有效降低结构应力强度因子,提高结构的止裂能力.     

船用厚板高强度钢焊接性及其焊接裂纹的形成和预防

随着各类大型化、超大型化船舶的诞生,使得厚板高强度钢的使用日益广泛,但随之而来的是此类高强度钢易产生焊接裂纹的问题。文章列举了国内外船用厚板高强度钢焊接的工艺特点,分析了焊接裂纹的起因,并就预防措施进行了初步探讨。对从事船体结构的研究人员有一定的帮助。     

Historical review of research on brittle crack propagation arresting technology for large welded steel structures developed in Japan with the application of Kca parameters

In response to the concern of increased risk of brittle fracture accompanying the recent enlargement of container ships, experimental research is being conducted to investigate brittle crack propagation arrest properties in Japan. The objective is to obtain the required toughness of the material to arrest brittle crack propagation in a 100-mm thick plate, which is considered to be the maximum thickness used in such applications. The use of K_ca as a method for determining arrest toughness is a main difference with respect to methodologies employed in Europe and the United States. In this review, we compare the approaches for determining brittle crack propagation arrest properties that are used in Japan with those used in Europe and the United States. Moreover, we review recent research trends, particularly with respect to the background and development of K_ca parameters.With regard to the industrial application techniques concerning arrestability of brittle crack propagation in steel plates, studies in the ship and storage tank research fields date back to after World War II, while some attention is also seen for nuclear power and line pipes. These research procedures were initially established in Europe and the United States, but was first adopted by Japan. However, soon after, Japan and the time when the research fell downward due to progress of steel manufacturing technology and defect management technology. Since then, research has actively resumed, and original contributions are being realised. The background of this work in Japan, and the creation of the K_ca concept will be explained herein. Further, the background of research on brittle crack propagation arrest properties in very large container ships, determination philosophy for deriving demand values, and ultrawide brittle crack propagation tests in the study of 75-mm thick material and their results are described. In both of the scenarios considered, i.e. one in which cracks are generated from the top of the hatch side coaming and arrested on the upper deck, and the other wherein brittle cracks occur at the upper deck end and are arrested in the hatch side coaming, the required K_ca was found to be 6000 N/mm^3/2.     

The effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in shipbuilding structural steels

In this paper, the effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in four different shipbuilding structural steels has been experimentally studied by measuring the J-integral and crack opening displacement COD at initiation in three-point bend specimens with deep and shallow notches. Experimental results of seven groups of different strength alloy steels show that both Si and Ji values of ductile tear from the shallow crack specimens which have less constraint flow field are significantly higher than those of deeply notched specimens. Slip-line-field analysis shows that, for shallow crack, the hydrostatic stress is lower than that from standard deeply cracked bend specimen, which develops a high level of crack tip constraint, provides a lower bound estimate of toughness, and will ensure an unduly conservative approach when applied to structural defects, especially if initiation values of COD and J-integral are used.     

Fracture control of extremely thick welded steel plates applied to the deck structure of large container ships

The rapid enlargement of the size of container ships has led to the application of extremely thick plate in the deck structures, which may grow concerns about the fracture toughness at the butt-weld with large amount of heat input, and the arrest toughness of brittle crack propagation in the base metal of such thick plates. Also, slam-induced whipping stresses might affect the fatigue crack propagation and the initiation of a brittle crack in a container ship. In order to prevent the catastrophic failure of deck structures by brittle fracture, national joint research projects, which focused on the safety-related issues of extremely thick steel plate applied to hull of large container ships, were formed from April 2007 to March 2011 organized by the Japan Ship Technology Research Association (JSTRA) supported by the Japanese Government in collaboration with universities, national research institute, classification societies and relevant industries including shipbuilding, steel manufacturing and shipping companies. The joint research projects have carried out the investigations on crack initiation toughness of the weld, fatigue crack propagation under seaway loading, the potential of defect detection by ultrasonic testing, and the crack-arrest methods after brittle crack propagation. Practical recommendations to prevent brittle fracture of large container ships were proposed based on these comprehensive investigations. The essential parts of the above research activities are presented in this paper.     

A review of the effect of a／W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅰ）—experimental investigation in EPFM

Many experimental investigations have previously been performed and recently done on different shipbuilding structural steels where the specimens size and crack depth/specimen width (a/W) were varied. A series of interesting results have been gained. It is worthwhile to have a review on the effect of a/W ratio on fracture toughness, and further theoretical analysis is necessary. In this paper, experimental work in elasticplastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) was discussed. Tests had been carried out on 10 kinds of strength steels. Results showed that J _i and δ₁ values increased with decreasing a/W when a/W<0.3 for three-point bend specimens and that shallow crack specimens which have less constrained flow field give markedly higher values of toughness than deeply notched specimens. However, for a/W>0.3, the toughness was found to be independent of a/W. Slip line field analysis shows that for shallow cracks, the hydrostatic stress is lower than that from standard deeply cracked bend specimen which develops a high level of crack tip constraint, provides a lower bound estimate of toughness, and will ensure an unduly conservative approach when applied to structure defects especially if initiation values of COD/J-integral are used.     

Numerical study on fatigue crack growth at a web-stiffener of ship structural details by an objected-oriented approach in conjunction with ABAQUS

It is necessary to manage the fatigue crack growth (FCG) once those cracks are detected during in-service inspections. This is particular critical as high strength steels are being used increasingly in ship and offshore structures. In this paper, a simulation program (FCG-System) is developed utilizing the commercial software ABAQUS with its object-oriented programming interface to simulate the fatigue crack path and to compute the corresponding fatigue life. In order to apply FCG-System in large-scale marine structures, the substructure modeling technique is integrated in the system under the consideration of structural details and load shedding during crack growth. Based on the nodal forces and nodal displacements obtained from finite element analysis, a formula for shell elements to compute stress intensity factors is proposed in the view of virtual crack closure technique. Neither special singular elements nor the collapsed element technique is used at the crack tip. The established FCG-System cannot only treat problems with a single crack, but also handle problems with multiple cracks in case of simultaneous but uneven growth. The accuracy and the robustness of FCG-System are demonstrated by two illustrative examples. No stability and convergence difficulties have been encountered in these cases and meanwhile, insensitivity to the mesh size is confirmed. Therefore, the FCG-System developed by authors could be an efficient tool to perform fatigue crack growth analysis on marine structures.     

Crack growth direction effects on corrosion-fatigue behaviour of offshore wind turbine steel weldments

In this study corrosion-fatigue tests have been conducted on fracture mechanics specimens extracted from an S355 G10+M structural steel welded plate. The tests have been performed on compact tension specimens with the crack tip located in the heat affected zone. The corrosion-fatigue test results from this study have been compared with the data available on the base metal as well as air tests on the same material. Moreover, the obtained results have been compared with the corrosion-fatigue data available in the literature on a wide range of steels and also the fatigue trends for welded joints in free-corrosion condition recommended in the BS7910 Standard. The effect of the specimen orientation, with respect to the weld region, is also examined in this study and it has been found that higher corrosion-fatigue crack growth rates are generally observed in the tests with 0° orientation. The results have also shown that the corrosive environment has significant effects on the fatigue crack growth acceleration at the beginning of the tests; however, as the crack propagates, the environmental damage effect on crack growth behaviour becomes less pronounced. The results presented in this study are discussed in terms of improvement in the structural integrity assessment of offshore wind turbine monopiles.     

基于内聚力模型的X65管线钢稳定裂纹扩展研究

断裂破坏是海工结构中主要的失效模式之一。对管线钢管的断裂韧度评定以及其裂纹扩展行为的模拟研究,对于评估管道结构的安全性、结构完整性有重要的指导意义。在众多用于模拟裂纹大变形稳定扩展的理论中,内聚力模型方法(CZM),对大范围屈服的断裂行为分析十分有效。它具有强大的物理基础以及可在数值方法中逐步实现的适应性。鉴于此,文章运用CZM模型对X65管线钢双引伸计法的断裂韧度试验进行模拟,对比计算与试验结果。研究了不同CZM模型参数对模拟结果的影响,并优化了模型。用其作为计算模拟预测X65管线钢稳定裂纹扩展行为的方法,可替代部分实验来完成可靠性评估。     

Ductile crack initiation behavior in steels with compressive prestrain

It is well known that compressive prestrain reduces ductility in steels. On the other hand, it has also been found that high stress triaxiality reduces equivalent plastic strain at the onset of ductile fracture. In this research, plate specimens and notched bar specimens, which were prestrained in compression with bending, were used in reversed bending tests, and the effect of compressive prestrain on ductile crack initiation in steels was investigated. It was found that small ductile cracks occurred from the microscopic wrinkles which were formed on the concave surface with compressive prestrain. The critical relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain at ductile crack initiation was investigated by finite-element analysis. It was found that ductile crack initiation in steels with compressive prestrain can be estimated qualitatively by the relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain.     

疲劳载荷作用下焊接点三维线弹性弯曲裂纹路径预测

利用二阶摄动方法研究了疲劳载荷作用下结构线弹性裂纹的弯曲扩展问题并求解了三维动态应力强度因子.利用二阶摄动方法研究了疲劳载荷作用下裂纹路径预测时的应力准则与能量准则之间的关系.就均匀物质而言,在二阶摄动分析理论的框架内,两种准则指明了相同的三维疲劳弯曲裂纹扩展路径.但在具有非均匀断裂韧度的物质中,能量准则优越于应力准则.作为二阶摄动方法的实际运用,研究了焊接结构中疲劳线弹性裂纹的形态特征和弯曲扩展路径问题,综合考虑了诸如远场动态作用应力、焊接残余应力、局部物质衰变以及不同尺寸的缺陷的存在等因素,绘制出疲劳载荷作用下退化区域中裂纹弯曲扩展的临界轨迹曲线.